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net
BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION (TG)
JUNIOR INTER MATHEMATICS - IB (2024-25)
MODEL PAPER (English Version)
Time: 3 Hrs. Max.Marks: 75

SECTION - A
Note: i) Very Short answer type questions. 10 ´ 2 = 20
ii) Answer All questions.
iii) Each question carries Two marks.
1. Find the distance between the parallel lines 5x − 3y − 4 = 0; 10x − 6y − 9 = 0.
2.

et
Find the condition for the points (a, 0) (h, k) and (0, b) to be a collinear.
3.
find the fourth vertex.
a n
If (3, 2, −1) (4, 1, 1) and (6, 2, 5) are the three vertices and (4, 2, 2) is the centroid of a tetrahedron,

.
4.
1 − cos2mx
ibh
Find the angle between the planes 2x − y + z = 6 and x + y + 2z = 7.

5. Compute lt .
x→0 sin2nx

rat
p
8x + 3x
6. Find lt .
x→∞ 3x − 2x
7.
3

du 1
If f(x) = 7x + 3x (x > 0). Then find f (x).

8.
 

na dy
If y = √ 2x − 3 + √ 7 − 3x Then find  .

9.
ee dx
Find ∆y and dy if y = x2 + 3x + 6. When x = 10, ∆x = 0.01.

.
10.

w w
Find the value of 'c' in Rolle's Theorem for the function y = f(x) = x2 + 4 on (−3, 3).

SECTION - B

w
Note: i) Short answer type questions.
ii) Answer any Five questions.
iii) Each question carries Four marks.
5 ´ 4 = 20

11. A(1, 2), B(2, −3) and C(−2, 3) are three points. A point P moves such that PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2 show that
the equation to the locus of P is 7x − 7y + 4 = 0.
12. When the axes are rotated through on angle α, find the transformed equation of xcosα + ysinα = P.
13. Find the value of k, if the lines 2x − 3y + k = 0, 3x − 4y − 13 = 0 and 8x − 11y − 33 = 0 are
concurrent.
cosax − cosbx

14. Show that f(x) =

{ 
x2
1 2 2
if x ≠ 0

 (b − a ) if x = 0
2
where a and b are real constants is continuous at x = 0.

15. Find the derivative of the following function from that first principle cosax.
16. Show that the length of the subnormal at any point on the curve y2 = 4ax is a constant.

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17. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 8 cm3/sec. How fast is the surface area increasing when
the length of an edge is 12 cm.

SECTION - C
Note: i) Long answer type questions. 5 ´ 7 = 35
ii) Answer any Five questions.
iii) Each question carries Seven marks.
18. Find the circum centre of the triangle with the vertices A(−2, 3), B(2, −1) and C(4, 0).
19. Find the values of k if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve 2x2 − 2xy +
3y2 + 2x − y − 1 = 0 and the line x + 2y = k are mutually perpendicular.
20. Let the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represent a pair of straight lines. Then the angle θ between the
a+b
lines given by cosθ = .

√(a − b)2 + 4h2

et
n
21. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations l + m + n = 0,
l2 +

m2 −

n2 = 0.

√ a. 2
22.

ibhdy
dx
1−y
If √ 1 − x + √ 1 − y = a(x − y) Then show that  = .
2 2
1 − x2
  
23.
a1/2.

rat
Show that the equation of tangent at the point (x1, y1) on the curve √ x + √ y = √ a is xx−1/2 + yy−1/2 =
1 1

24.

the height of the cylinder is √ 2r.
up
If the curved surface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius 'r' is maximum, show that

ad ANSWERS

en SECTION - A
1.
.e
Find the distance between the parallel lines 5x - 3y - 4 = 0; 10x - 6y - 9 = 0.

w
10x − 6y − 9 = 0 ......(2) w
Sol: Given 5x − 3y − 4 = 0 ⇒ 10x − 6y − 8 = 0 ......(1)

w
distance between the parallel lines (1), (2)

−8 + 9
( c1 − c2
... d = 

√ a2 + b2
)
d =  1 1
 =   = 
√100 + 36 √136 2√ 34

2. Find the condition for the points (a, 0), (h, k) and (0, b) to be a collinear.
Sol: Given (a, 0), (h, k), (0, b)
Given A, B, C are Collinear
∴ slope of AB = slope of BL
k−o b−k k b−k
⇒  =  ⇒  = 
h−a o−h h−a −h
⇒ −hk = bh − hk − ab + ak ⇒ bh + ak = ab
bh ak h k
⇒+=1⇒+=1
ab ab a b

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3. If (3, 2, -1), (4, 1, 1) and (6, 2, 5) are the three vertices and (4, 2, 2) is the centroil of a tefra hedron,
find the fourth vertex.
Sol: Given A (3, 2, −1), B (4, 1, 1), C (6, 2, 5), D (x, y, z)
x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x3 y3 z3 x4 y4 z4
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 z1 + z2 + z3 + z4
G = , , 
4 4 4
According to Problem
3 + 4 + 6 + x 2 + 1 + 2 + y −1 + 1 + 5 + z
(
(4, 2, 2) = , , 
4 4 4 )
(
13 + x 5 + 4 5 + z
⇒ (4, 2, 2) = , , 
4 4 4 )
13 + x 5+y 5+z
⇒  = 4,  = 2,  = 2
4 4 4
⇒ x = 3, y = 3, z = 3

et
4.
∴ fourth verten D (3, 3, 3)

a.n
Find the angle between the planes 2x - y + z = 6 and x + y + 2z = 7.
Sol: Given 2x − y + z = 6 and x + y + 2z = 7

ibh
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
cosθ = 
 
√(
a12 + b12 + c12 ) √( )
a22 + b22 + c22
rat
2 − 1 + 2
⇒ cosθ = 
  = 
√ 4 + 1 + 1 √1 + 1 + 4
3
6
1
=
2
up
π
⇒ cosθ = cos 
a d
3

en
.
π
∴ Angle between The Planes θ = 
3
e
5. Compute lt
x®0
w w
1 - cos2mx
¾¾¾¾¾ .
sin2nx

Sol: lt
x→0 w
1 − cos2mx
¾¾¾¾¾ =
2
sin nx
2sin2mx . .
lt ¾¾¾¾
x→0 sin2nx
sinmx 2
( . 1 − cos2θ = 2sin2θ)

=
2 (mx→0
¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
lt
mx )
¾¾¾ (mx)
=
2
2.1.m
=
2m
¾¾¾
2
¾¾
2

sinnx 2 1.n n2 2
(nx→0
lt ¾¾¾
nx ) (nx) 2

8½x½ + 3x
6. Find lt ¾¾¾¾¾ .
x®¥ 3½x½ - 2x
Sol: As x → ∞ ⇒ x > 0
8x + 3x 8x + 3x 11x
lt  = lt  = lt  = 11
x→∞ 3x − 2x x→∞ 3x − 2x x→∞ x
8x + 3x
∴ lt  = 11
x→∞ 3x − 2x

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3 1
7. If f(x) = 7x + 3x (x > 0). Then find f (x).
3
Sol: Given f(x) = 7x + 3x

⇒ f (x) = 7x + 3x log7  (x3 + 3x) ...  (ax) = ax.loga

d d
1 3
dx (dx )
3 3
= 7x + 3x log7 (3x2 + 3) = 7x + 3x 3(x2 + 1)log7
¾¾ ¾¾ dy
8. If y = Ö 2x - 3 + Ö 7 - 3x Then find ¾ .
dx
 
Sol: Given y = √ 2x − 3 + √ 7 − 3x
diff w.r.to 'x' we get
dy d  d 
 =  √ 2x − 3 +  √ 7 − 3x
dx dx dx (... dxd √x = 2
1
)
√x
1 1
= 
 (2) + 
 (−3)
2√ 2x − 3 2√ 7 − 3x

et
dy 1
 = 
 − 
3

dx 2√ 2x − 3 2√ 7 − 3x

a.n
9.

bh
Find Dy and dy if y = x2 + 3x + 6. When x = 10, Dx = 0.01.
Sol: Given f(x) = x2 + 3x + 6, x = 10 and ∆x = 0.01

i
(i) ∆y = f(x + ∆x) − f(x)

rat
= [(x + ∆x)2 + 3 (x + ∆x) + 6] − (x2 + 3x + 6)

up
= 2x∆x + (∆x)2 + 3∆x = (2x + ∆x + 3)∆x = (23.0.1)(0.01)
= 0.2301

ad
n
1
ii) dy = f (x).∆x

10.
. e
= (2x + 3)∆x = [2(10) + 3] (0.01) = 23 × (0.01) = 0.23

e
Find the value of 'c' in Rolle's Theorem for the function y = f(x) = x2 + 4 on (-3, 3).

w w
Sol: f(x) = x2 + 4 as x2 + 4 is polyrominal which is continues and differentiable on R
f is continues on (−3, 3)

w
f is differentable (−3, 3)
f(3) = (3)2 + 4 = 13 and f(−3) = (−3)2 + 4 = 13
∴ f(−3) = f(3) (... f(a) = f(b))
∴ f(x) satisfies all the conditions of Rolle's Theorem
1
f (x) = 2x
1
by rolles theroem f (c) = 0
2c = 0 ∈ c = 0 ∈ (−3, 3)

SECTION - B
11. A(1, 2), B(2, -3) and C(-2, 3) are three points. A point P moves such that PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2 show
that the equation to the locus of P is 7x - 7y + 4 = 0.
Sol: Given A(1, 2), B(2, −3), C(−2, 3)
let p(x, y) be a point on the locus

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given condition is
PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2
⇒ (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 + (x − 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 2[(x + 2)2 + (y − 3)2]
⇒ x2 − 2x + 1 + y2 − 4y + 4 + x2 − 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 2(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 − 6y + 9)
⇒ 2x2 + 2y2 − 6x + 2y + 18 = 2x2 + 2y2 + 8x − 12y + 26
⇒ 14x − 14y + 8 = 0 ⇒ 7x − 7y + 4 = 0
12. When the axes are rotated through on angle a, find the transformed equation of xcosa + ysina =
P.
Sol: Given x cosα + y sinα = P .....(1)
and given angle is θ = α
θ X Y
x cosθ −sinθ x = xcosα − ysinα
y sinθ cosθ
et
n
y = xsinα + ycosα

.
sub x= xcosα − ysinα and y = xsinα − ycosα

a
ibh
(xcosα − ysinα) cosα + (xsinα + ycosα) sinα = P
= xcos2α − ysinα.cosα + xsin2α + ycosα sinα = P
= x(cos2α + sin2α) = P

rat
=x=P

up
∴ Transformed epution is x = P
13.

ad
Find the value of k, if the lines 2x - 3y + k = 0, 3x - 4y - 13 = 0 and 8x - 11y - 33 = 0 are
concurrent.
Sol: Given
en
.e
2x − 3y + k = 0 ..... (1)

w w
3x − 4y − 13 = 0 ..... (2)
8x − 11y − 33 = 0 ..... (3)

w
As per the problem (1), (2), (3) are concurrent
2 −3 K

3 −4 −13 = 0
8 −11 −33 
−4 −13 3 −13 3 −4
=2

−11 −33  
+3
8 −33
+K
 
8 −11
=0

= 2(132 − 143) + 3 (−99 + 104) + K(−33 + 32) = 0
= 2(−11) + 3(5) + K(−1) = 0
= −22 + 15 − K = 0 ⇒ −7 − K = 0 ⇒ k = −7
∴ value of K = −7

{
cosax
- cosbx
¾¾¾¾¾¾ if x ¹ 0
x2
14. Show that f(x) = where a and b are real constants is continuous at x = 0.
1 2 2
¾ (b - a ) if x = 0
2

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ax + bx ax − bx
cosax − cosbx
Sol: f(x) = lt 
−2sin  sin 
2
= lt 
2 ( ) ( )
x→0 x2 x→0 x 2

a+b a−b
sin 
2
= −2 lt  lt 
(
sin  x
2 ) ( )
x→0 x x→0 x
a−b

[ ][ ]
a+b
sin  x
2 a+b ( ) (
sin  x
2 a−b )
= −2 lt
a+b
 × 
a+b 2 ( ) lt
a−b
 × 
a−b 2
(
 x→0  x
2 2 ) ( ) ( ) (
 x→0  x
2 2 )
a+b a−b b2 − a2
(
= −2(1)   = 
2 2 2 )( )
b2 − a2
Given f(0) = 
2

et
∴ lt f(x) = f(0)
x→0

a .n
15.
∴ f(x) is contains at x = 0.

i bh
Find the derivative of the following function from that first principle cosax.
Sol: Given f(x) = cosax

ra t
f(x + h) − f(x)
From First Principal f 1(x) =

up
lt 
h→0 h

cos(x + h) − cosax d ax + ah + ax
( ) ( ax + ah − ax
−2sin  sin 

a
f 1(x) = lt  = lt 
2
)
2
h→0 h

) (e)e
h→0
n h

.
ah ah ah
2 (
−2sin ax +  sin 
2 ah
sin 
2 ( )
= lt  = −2 lt sin ax +  lt ( )
h→0

w
h h→0
ah
sin 
w 2 h→0

( )
h

w h→0 ah

2
2
= −2 sin(ax + 0) lt  × 
a
2

a
()
= −2 sinax(1).  = −asinax
2
∴ f1(x)= −asinax
16. Show that the length of the subnormal at any point on the curve y2 = 4ax is a constant.
Sol: Given equation of the curve is y2 = 4ax
differating w.r.to 'x'
dy
2y  = 4a
dx
dy 4a 2a
==
dx 2y y
dy
Slope of The Tangent is (m) = 
2a
=
dx p(x, y) y ( )
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y. y = 2a = constant
2a
∴ Length of the sub − normal = ym =

∴ y2 = 4ax is a constant
17. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 8 cm3/sec. How fast is the surface area increas-
ing when the length of an edge is 12 cm.
Sol: Let X, S, V are side, surface area, volume of cube at time 't'
dv
Given  = 8 cm3/sec, x = 12 cm
dt
The volume of the cube is (v) = x3
dv dx
 = 3x2 
dt dt
dx dx 8
⇒ 8 = 3x2  =  = 2 ...... (1)
dt dt 3x
Also Surface Area of Cube (S) = 6x2
et
ds dx ds
 = 12x  ⇒  = 12x 
dt dt dt
8
3x2
(... From 1)
( )
a.n
ds 32
==

ibh
t
dt x
ds 32

ra
when x = 12 cm,  =  = 2.666 cm2/sec
dt 12

p
du SECTION - C
18.
a
Find the circum centre of the triangle with the vertices A(-2, 3), B(2, -1) and C(4, 0).

n
Sol: Given A(−2, 3), B(2, −1), C(4, 0)

ee
let s(x, y) be the circum centre of ∆le ABC
SA = SB = SC
.
A

SA = SB

w
= SA2 = SB2
w B
S
C

w
= (x + 2)2 + (y − 3)2 = (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2
= x2 + 4 + 4x + y2 + 9 − 6y = x2 + 4 − 4x + y2 + 1 + 2y
= 8x − 8y + 8 = 0 = x − y + 1 = 0 .....(1)
Also SB = SC
= SB2 = SC2
= (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x − y)2 + (y − 0)2
= x2 + 4 − 4x + y2 + 1 + 2y = x2 + 16 − 8x + y2
= 4x + 2y − 11 = 0 .....(2)
Solving 1, 2
x y 1
−1 1 1 −1
2 −11 4 2

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x y 1 x y 1
 =  =  =  =  = 
11 − 2 4 + 11 2 + 4 9 15 6
9 3 15 5
= x =  = , y =  = 
6 2 6 2
3 5
∴ circum centre (S) = , 
2 2 ( )
19. Find the values of k if the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
2x2 - 2xy + 3y2 + 2x - y - 1 = 0 and the line x + 2y = k are mutually perpendicular.
Sol: Given equation of the curve 2x2 − 2xy + 3y2 + 2x − y − 1 = 0 ....(1)
x + 2y
equation of the line x + 2y = k =  = 1 ....(2)
k
Homgenise the equation (1) with the help of (2) then
2x2 − 2xy + 3y2 + (2x − y)(1)−1(1)2 = 0

(
x + 2y
) et
x + 2y 2
) (
K
2x + 4xy − xy − 2y
2
a
K
n
= 2x2 − 2xy + 3y2 + (2x − y)  −  = 0

.
= 2x − 2xy + 3y + () − () = 0
2
x + 4y + 4xy 2 2

h
2 2
K k 2

ib
= 2k2x2 − 2k2xy + 3k2y2 + k(2x2 + 3xy − xy)2 − x2 − 4y2 − 4xy = 0

t
pra
= (2k2 + 2k − 1)x2 + (−2k2 + 3k − 4)xy + (3k2 − 2k − 4)y2 = 0
According to the problem coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0

u
= 2k2 + 2k − 1 + 3k2 − 2k − 4 = 0 ⇒ 5k2 − 5 = 0

d
20.
= k2 = 1 ⇒ k = ±1

na
Let the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represent a pair of straight lines. Then the angle q between

.ee a+b
the lines given by cosq = ¾¾¾¾¾¾.
¾¾¾¾¾¾

w
2 2
Ö(a - b) + 4h

w w
Sol: let ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represents the line be
l1x + m2y = 0 .....(1)
l2x + m2y = 0 .....(2)
∴ (l1x + m2y)(l2x+ m2y) = ax2 + 2hxy + by2
⇒ l1l2 = a, m1m2 = b, l1m2 + l2m1 = 2h
let 'θ' be the angle between the lines (1) and (2)

a1a2 + b1b2
cosθ = 
 2 
√ a1 + b1 √ a2 + b2
2 2 2

l1l2 + m1m2 a + b
cosθ = 
  = 
√ √ ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
l1 + m1 + l2 + m2 l1 + m1 l2 + m2
a + b
cosθ = 

√2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
l1 l2 + m1 m2 + l1 m2 + l2 m1

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a + b
cosθ = 

√2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
l1 l2 + m1 m2 − 2l1l2m1m2 + l1 m2 + l1 m2 + l2 m1 + 2l1l2m1m2
a + b
cosθ = 

√ (l1l2 − m1m2)2 + (l1m2 + l2m1)2
a+b
cosθ = 

√ (a − b)2 + 4h2
21. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations l + m + n = 0,
l 2 + m2 - n2 = 0.
Sol: Given equations are l + m + n = 0 .... (1)
l 2 + m2 − n2 = 0 ....(2)
from equation (1) ⇒ l = m − n
Substuting equation (2)
et
.n
= (−m − n)2 = m2 − n2 = 0 ⇒ m2 + n2 + 2mn + m2 − n2 = 0

a
2m2 + 2mn = 0 ⇒ 2m(m + n) = 0
2m = 0 (or) 2m(m + n) = 0

ibh
m=0
rat
2m = 0 (or) m + n = 0 ⇒ m = −n

p
Case(i): Put m = 0 in equation (1) ⇒ l = −n

u
d
l : m : n = −n : 0 : n = −1 : 0 : 1

a
) en
D.r.s = (−1, 0,1)
−1
(
dcs = (l1m1n1) = ,
 0, 
1

.e √2

√2

w w
Case(ii): Put m = −n in equation (1) ⇒ l = 0
l : m : n = 0 : −n : n = 0 : −1 : 1

w
Drs = (0, −1, 1)
−1 1
(
dcs = (l2m2n2) = 0, ,
 
√2 √2 )
cosθ = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2
−1 −1
 ( ) ( )
1 1
cosθ =  (0) + 0  + 
√2 √2 √2 √2
1
cosθ =  ⇒ θ = 60°
2 (... cos60° = 21 )
¾¾¾
¾¾ ¾¾ dy 1 - y2
Ö - 2 Ö - 2
22. If 1 x + 1 y = a(x - y) Then show that ¾ = ¾¾¾ .
dx Ö1 - x2
 
Sol: Given √ 1 − x2 + √ 1 − y2 = a(x − y)
x = sinθ1 and y = sinθ2 ⇒ θ1 = sin−1x, θ2 = sin−1y
 
Now √ 1 − sin2θ1 + √ 1 − sin2θ2 = a(sinθ1 − sinθ2)
 
⇒ √ cos2θ1 + √ cos2θ2 = a(sinθ1 − sinθ2)

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⇒ cosθ1 + cosθ2 = a(sinθ1 − sinθ2)
θ1 + θ2 θ1 − θ2 θ1 + θ2 θ1 − θ2
⇒ 2cos 
2 (
cos 
2 ) (
= a.2cos 
2 )
sin  (
2 ) ( )
θ1 − θ2
cos  ( θ 1 − θ2 )
2
⇒  = a ⇒ cot 
θ1 − θ2
=a ( )
sin 
2 ( 2
)
θ1 − θ2
⇒  = cot−1(a) ⇒ θ1 − θ2 = 2cot−1(a)
2
⇒ sin−1x − sin−1y = 2cot−1(a)
diff .w.r.t to 'x'
1 1 dy

 −    = 1
√ 1 − x2 √ 1 − y2 dx
1 dx
⇒ 2  = 
1

dx √ 1 − y2
⇒  = 

et
1 − y dy 1 − x2
dy
2
1−y
⇒  = 2
√
dy √ 1 − x2

a.n
23.
dx 1−x

ibh ¾ ¾ ¾
Show that the equation of tangent at the point (x1, y1) on the curve Ö x + Ö y = Ö a is xx-1/2 + yy-
= a1/2.
1/2

  
Sol: Given equation is √ x + √ y = √ a
rat 1 1

diff. w.r.t 'x'

up

1
+
1 dy
 =0
2√ x 2√ y dx
ad
=
1 dy
 =−
1
==
dy −√ y



en
2√ y dx 2√ x dx √ x

−√ y1 .e
m = slope at p (x1, y1) = 

w

√x
w 
−√ y1

 w
equation of the tangent at p is y − y1 = 



= √ x1 (y − y1) = −√ y1 (x − x1)
   
 (x − x1)
√ x1

= y√ x1 − y1√ x1 = −√ y1x + √ y1√ x1

   
= x√ y1 + y√ x1 = x1√ y1 + y1√ x1
       
= x√ y1 + y√ x1 = √ x1√ x1√ y1 + √ y1√ y1√ x1
 
x√ y1 y √ x1  
= 
  +    = √ x1+ √ y1
√ x1√ y1 √ x1√ y1
x y 
⇒ + = √a
√ 1 √ 1
x y
= xx−1/2 + yy−1/2 = a1/2
1 1
24. If the curved surface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius 'r' is maximum,
¾
show that the height of the cylinder is Ö 2 r.
Sol: Let h be the height and R be the radius of the cylinder

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Given 'r' is radius of the sphere
From ∆le OAB
O•
h 2 h2 h/2

()
 + R2 = r2 ⇒ R2 = r2 −  .....(1)
2 4 A
r
R
B

C.S.A of cylinder (S) = 2πrh

h2
= S2 = 4π2R2h2 = 4π2 r2 −  h2 (... from 1)
( )
4
⇒ 4π2r2h2 − π2h4
let f(h) = 4π2r2h2 − π2h4
⇒ f 1(h) = 4π2r2(2h) − π2(4h3)
⇒ f 11(h) = 8π2r2(1) − 4π2(3h2) = 8π2r2 − 12π2h2
for maximum (or) minimum f 1(h) = 0

et 
= 8π2r2h − 4π2h3 = 0 ⇒ 8π2r2h = 4π2h3 ⇒ 2r2 = h2 ⇒ h = √ 2r


.n
when h = √ 2r, f11(h) = 8π2r2 − 122(2r2) = 8π2r2 − 24π2r2
= −16π2r2 < 0
a
bh

∴ f(h) has maximum value at h = √ 2r

i 

rat
∴ The curved surface area of cylinder is maximum at h = √ 2r
This Model Paper was Prepared by

up K. Kumar, Subject Expert

ad
en
.e
w w
w

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