WORKSHEET-4

CHEMISTRY Topic-5

Worksheet-04
(C. Organic Chemistry)
Aldehydes and Ketones
Q.1 Mark the incorrect statement about aldehydes and USE THIS SPACE FOR
ketones: SCRATCH WORK

A) They have higher boiling points than that of alkanes

B) They have lower boiling points than that of alcohols
C) Aldehydes are present in essential oils and ketonic group
is present in camphor
D) Aldehydes have H-bonding but ketones do not have
Q.2 All of the following statements are correct about
aldehydes and ketones EXCEPT:
A) Aldehydes are easily oxidized while ketones do not
B) Aldehydes show position isomerism while ketones do not
C) Aldehydes can be oxidized easily by Fehling’s solution
while ketones do not
D) Aldehydes react with alcohols to form acetal while
ketones do not
Q.3 Which of the following reactions is not given by ketones?
A) Grignard reagent C) Polymerization
B) 2,4-DNPH D) HCN
Q.4 Which of the following tests is shown by ketones only?
A) Sod. nitroprusside test C) Fehling solution test
B) Tollen’s reagent test D) Benedict reagent test
Q.5 Which one of the following organic compounds does not
give iodoform test?
A) Ethanal C) Methyl ketones
B) Ethanol D) Methanal
Q.6 All of the following reagents reduce aldehydes and
ketones to their respective alcohols EXCEPT:
A) H2/Ni C) N2H2/KOH
B) LiAlH4 D) NaBH4
Q.7 Which of the following aldehydes is the most reactive?
A) Methanal C) Butanal
B) Ethanal D) Propanal

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Q.8 Which one of the following does not give iodoform test? USE THIS SPACE FOR
SCRATCH WORK
A) Butanone C) 2-Hexnone
B) 2-Pentanone D) 3-Pentanone
Q.9 Aldehydes and ketones show which of the following
mechanism of reaction:
A) Electrophilic addition reaction
B) Nucleophilic substitution reaction
C) Nucleophilic addition reaction
D) Acid base reaction
Q.10 The nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl group are
catalyzed by bases or acids. A base catalyzed reaction:
A) Increases nucleophilic character of attacking reagent
B) Increases electrophilic character of carbon of carbonyl
group
C) Increases both electrophilic and nucleophilic character
D) Has no effect on the reactivity of carbonyl groups
Q.11 Which one of the following types of reactions is not shown
by aldehydes and ketones?
A) Nucleophilic addition reaction
B) Reduction reaction
C) β-Elimination reaction
D) Oxidation reaction
Q.12 Mark the incorrect statement about Aldehydes and
Ketones:
A) Aldehydes on reduction with NaBH4/H3O+ give 1o alcohol
B) Ketones on reduction with NaBH4/H3O+ gives 2o alcohol
C) Aldehydes on reduction with N2H4/KOH gives alkane
D) Ketones on reduction with N2H4/KOH gives alkene
Q.13 Which of the following is incorrect statement?
A) 1o alcohol on oxidation gives aldehyde
B) 2o alcohol on oxidation gives ketone
C) On dry distillation of calcium methanoate, ethanal is
produced
D) On dry distillation of calcium ethanoate, propanone is
produced

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Q.14 Consider the following structure of aldehyde: USE THIS SPACE FOR
SCRATCH WORK
O
H 3C - CH - CH 2 - CH - C - H
CH 3 Cl

The correct name according to IUPAC is:

A) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentanal
B) 2-Methyl-4-chloropentanal
C) 2-Chloro-3-methylbutanol
D) 3-Methyl-2-chloropentanal
Q.15 Aldehydes can occur:
A) Anywhere in the carbon chain
B) In the middle of carbon chain
C) Only at the second carbon atom of the carbon chain
D) Only at the terminal carbon atom of the carbon chain
Q.16 Aldehyde acts as ______ when treated with Fehling’s
solution.
A) Reducing agent only C) Both A and B
B) Oxidizing agent only D) Neither A nor B
Q.17 Aldehydes and ketones react with ammonia derivatives
G-NH2 to form condensation product containing the
group C = N – G and water. The reaction is:
A) Base catalyzed only C) Both A and B
B) Acid catalyzed only D) Neither A nor B
Q.18 Which of the following is not easily oxidized?
A) Aldehyde C) Ketone
B) 1o alcohol D) 2o alcohol
Q.19 Ketones are generally resistant to oxidation. But they can
be oxidized by strong oxidizing agent such as (K2Cr2O7 +
conc. H2SO4). On oxidation of 2-pentanone, which of the
following products are possible?
A) CH3CH2COOH only
B) CH3-CH2-COOH and CH3COOH
C) CH3COOH only
D) CH3COOH and HCOOH

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CHEMISTRY Topic-5

Q.20 Consider the following structure: USE THIS SPACE FOR

SCRATCH WORK
O
CH3 - CH - CH 2 - CH 2 - C - CH3
Cl CH 3
A) 5-Chloro-3-methyl-2-hexanone
B) 2-Chloro-3-methyl-5-hexanone
C) 4-Methyl-5-chloro-2-hexanone
D) 3-Methyl-2-chloro-2-hexanone
Q.21 Identify the incorrect statement about aldehydes and
ketones:
A) An aldehyde can be represented by
O

general formula ( R C H)
B) A ketone can be represented by
O

general formula ( R C R )
C) Ketone group is present in maltose, camphor and
menthone
D) The homologous series of both aldehydes and ketones
have general formula CnH2nO
Q.22 Preparatory methods of methanal, ethanal are given
below:
I. 2CH3OH  O2 Ag
300o C
 2HCHO  2H2O

II. 2CH3OH  O2 

FeO,Mo2O3
500o C
 2HCHO  2H2O
III. CH3CH2OH  O 
Na 2Cr2O7  dil.H2SO4

 CH3CHO  H2O
PdCl  CuCl
IV. 2CH 2  CH 2  O 2 2
H O 2
 2CH 3CHO
2

Which of the following above methods is/are used for the

preparation of methanal and ethanal respectively on the
industrial scale?
A) I and III C) I and IV
B) II and IV D) III and IV
Q.23 Aldehydes and ketones show which of the following type
of structural isomerism:
A) Position isomerism
B) Functional group isomerism
C) Metamerism

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CHEMISTRY Topic-5

D) Tatoumerism USE THIS SPACE FOR

SCRATCH WORK
Q.24 Which of the following tests is used for the identification
of aldehydes only?
Options Tests Applications
Aldehydes and ketones form a yellow
2,4-
A) or red precipitate with 2,4-DNPH
DNPH
solution
Addition Aldehyde and ketone react with HCN
B)
of HCN to give cyanohydrins
Benedict’s
Aliphatic aldehydes form a brick-red
C) solution
precipitate with Benedict’s solution
test
D) Reduction
Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to
with
alcohols with NaBH4
NaBH4
Q.25 Which of the following instruments is used in infrared
spectroscopic technique?
A) Photometer C) Polarimeter
B) Spectrophotometer D) Refractometer
Q.26 The infrared spectrum is divided into how many regions:
A) 2 C) 3
B) 4 D) 5
Q.27 Which of the following techniques is used to identify
functional groups of various classes of organic compounds?
A) IR C) NMR
B) UV D) X-rays
Q.28 In which of the following wave number range (cm-1) the
C = O (carbonyl group) is identified by using IR technique?
A) 3230 – 3550 cm-1 C) 3100 – 3500 cm-1
B) 2500 – 3300 cm -1
D) 1680 – 1750 cm-1
Q.29 All of the following are applications of IR technique
EXCEPT:
A) It is widely used in inorganic and organic chemistry
B) It is used in forensic analysis in criminal
C) It is used to identify unsaturation in organic compounds
D) It is used in measuring the degree of polymerization in
polymer manufacture
Q.30 IR spectroscopy can be applied to study and identify a
substance if the sample of the substance is in the _____
state.
A) Solid only C) Solid, Liquid, Gas`
B) Liquid only D) Both gas, Liquid

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ANSWER KEY (Worksheet-04) Q.3 (C) Ketones do not give polymerization

1 D 11 C 21 C whereas aldehydes such as methanal
2 B 12 D 22 B forms metaformaldehyde and ethanal
3 C 13 C 23 B form paraldehyde polymer.
4 A 14 A 24 C Q.4 (A) Ketones produce a wine red or
5 D 15 D 25 B orange red colour on adding alkaline
6 C 16 A 26 C sodium nitroprusside solution
7 A 17 B 27 A dropwise.
8 D 18 C 28 D  While aldehydes do not give this
9 C 19 B 29 B test.
10 A 20 A 30 C
ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONS
ANSWERS EXPLAINED Alkaline sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
(Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]) is used as a
Q.1 (D) In fact, aldehydes and ketones do not
medicine to lower blood pressure.
show hydrogen bonding. They show This may be done if the blood
dipole-dipole intermolecular forces. pressure is very high and resulting in
symptoms, in certain types of heart
Q.2 (B) It is incorrect statement. In fact,
failure, and during surgery to
aldehydes do not show position
decrease bleeding. It is used
isomerism because CHO group is by continuous injection into a vein.
always present at the terminal carbon
Q.5 (D) Methanal does not give iodoform test
atom of the carbon chain. However, while all others A, B and C give
ketones show position isomerism. It iodoform test.
has been explained by examples: Q.6 (C) The Wolff–Kishner
 Position isomerism. The isomers reduction reaction is a reaction used
in organic chemistry to
having carbonyl group at different
convert carbonyl functionalities
locations in the chain are called
into methylene groups as shown in the
position isomers. e.g. pentanone reaction. In this reaction aldehyde is
can have carbonyl group at two reduced to alkane with hydrazine in
different locations as shown the presence of KOH.
below: O
||
O H 3C  C  H  4  H  
N 2 H 4 /KOH
200o C
H 3C  CH 3 
1 2 3 4 5 H 2O
CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3
Q.7 (A) Methanal is the most reactive
2-Pentanone
aldehyde because it has no alkyl
O group. Since alkyl group is electron
1 2 3 4 5 donating thus with the increase of alkyl
CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3
groups, polarity of carbonyl group of
3-Pentanone carbonyl compounds decreases and

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thus reactivity decreases. Order of the of ketone into alkane as shown in the
reactivity of aldehyde is as shown: reaction
Methanal > Ethanal > Propanal > Butanal. O
||
H 3C  C  CH 3  4  H  
Zn  Hg /HCl
H 3C  CH 2  CH 3  H 2O
Q.8 (D) 3-Pentanone
(CH 2  CH 2  CO  CH 2  CH 3 ) Q.13 (C) It is incorrect statement. In fact, on
dry distillation cal.methanoate ethanal
does not give iodoform test because
cannot be prepared. So in order to
methyl ketones can only give
prepare ethanal dry distillation of both
iodoform test. Other A, B and C
cal.methanoate and cal.ethanoate is
give iodoform test they are treated as
done simultaneously as shown in
methyl ketone.
reaction.
Q.9 (C) In carbonyl compounds carbon atom
is electrophilic in nature. Therefore,
most of the reactions of the carbonyl
group will be considered to be
(Calcium ethanoate) (Ethanal)
nucleophilic addition reactions as
shown below. Detail of the other reactions are
    given below
C  O  H  Nu 
 Nu  C  OH
A) On oxidation of 1o alcohol aldehyde is
Substrate Reagent Addition product
obtained
R-CH 2OH+ O 
In these reactions of aldehydes and K 2Cr2O7
H2SO4
 R-CHO+H 2O
ketones, the negative part of the
reagent combines with electrophilic 1o alcohol aldehyde
carbon of the carbonyl group, whereas
the positive part, which is usually B) On oxidation of 2o alcohol ketone is
hydrogen goes to the oxygen. obtained
R R
Q.10 (A) A base catalyzed reaction increases CH - OH + [O] 
K 2Cr2O7
 C = O + H2O
nucleophilic character of attacking R 2o alcohol H 2SO4
R ketone
reagent as shown in the reaction.
O
H  O + H+  Nu Nu : +HOH
Q.14 (A) H3C - CH - CH 2 - CH - C - H
It is clear the Nu - has more
nucleophilic character than that of CH 3 Cl
H    Nu   because Nu  has more
According to IUPAC the correct
ionic character.
name of the given structure is
Q.11 (C) Aldehydes do not give β-elimination 2-Chloro-4-methylpentanal
reaction.
Q.15 (D) Carbon is tetravalent. It can form
Q.12 (D) Ketone is less reactive than
four covalent bonds. Since in
aldehyde. So strong reducing agent
aldehyde group carbon atom forms
is required for the complete reduction
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double bond with oxygen and single ethanoic acid as shown in the
bond with hydrogen. So there is one reaction. The oxidation of such ketone
is in accordance to Popoff’s rule.
vacancy available for making bond.
This rule states that in the case of
That is why aldehydes group present
ketones, the carbonyl group
at the terminal carbon atom of remains with the smaller alkyl
carbon chain. It cannot be placed in group during oxidation.
the middle of the carbon chain CH 3  CO  (CH 2 ) 2  CH 3  3 O  
K 2Cr2O7 / H 2 SO4

because in such condition carbon CH 3  CH 2  COOH  CH 3COOH

atom should have two vacancies
available which is not possible in O
this case. Similarly carboxylic acid 6 5 4 3 2 1
Q.20 (A) CH3 - CH - CH 2 - CH 2 - C - CH3
group (–COOH) is always present at
the terminal carbon of the carbon Cl CH 3
chain. According to IUPAC the correct
Q.16 (A) Aldehyde only acts as reducing name of the given structure is
agent when treated with mild 5-chloro-3-methyl-2-hexanone.
oxidizing agents such as Fehling’s
solution, Benedict reagent and Q.21 (C) It is incorrect answer. In fact, ketone
Tollen’s reagent. group is present only in camphor
Q.17 (B) Aldehydes and ketones react with and menthone but not in maltose.
ammonia derivative in acidic Q.22 (B) Following methods are used to
medium as shown in the reaction e.g. prepare methanal and ethanal on
H+ the industrial scale as show by the
reaction:
Methanal is manufactured on the
Q.18 (C) Ketones are not easily oxidized industrial scale by passing mixture
because the carbonyl group in of methanol vapours and air over
ketones is less polar in nature. They iron oxide-molybdenum oxide at
show oxidative cleavage phenomenon 500oC.
rather than simple oxidation like
aldehyde. That is why it does not  2CH3OH+O2 
FeO,Mo2O3
500oC
2HCHO+2H2O
react with mild oxidizing agents such
as Fehling’s solution, Benedict Ethanal is manufactured on the
reagent and Tollen’s reagent. It can industrial scale by air oxidation of
only be oxidized in the presence of ethene using PdCl2 with CuCl2
strong oxidizing agent such as promoter.
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, KMnO4/H2SO4  2CH 2 =CH 2 +O 2 
PdCl +CuCl
H O
 2CH 3CHO
2
2
2

and conc. HNO3.

Ethene Ethanal
Q.19 (B) 2-Pentanone on oxidation in the
presence of strong oxidizing agent is Q.23 (B) Aldehydes and ketones show
converted into propanoic acid and functional group isomerism e.g.

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Propanal (CH3-CH2-CHO) and mid – and far – infrared named for

propanone (CH3-CO-CH3) show their relation to the visible spectrum.
functional group isomerism.
Q.27 (A) Infrared Spectroscopy is the
Q.24 (C) Benedict’s solution test: (An analysis of infrared light interacting
alkaline solution containing a with a molecule. This can be
cupric citrate complex ion) analyzed in three ways by
aliphatic aldehydes form a brick- measuring absorption, emission
red precipitate with Benedict’s and reflection. The main use of this
solution. To an aldehyde solution, technique is in organic and
add Benedict’s solution and boil, a inorganic chemistry. It is used by
brick-red precipitate of cuprous chemists to determine functional
oxide are formed. groups in molecules.
RCHO+2Cu  OH  +NaOH 
 RCOONa+Cu2O+3H2O Q.28 (D)
2

Q.25 (B) Spectrophotometry is a method to Bond Functional Wave

Alcohols number / cm-1
measure how much a chemical
substance absorbs light by O–H Alcohols 3230 – 3550
measuring the intensity of light as a N–H Amines 3100 – 3500
beam of light passes through H – bonded
sample solution. The basic principle O–H 2500 – 3300
in carboxylic acid
is that each compound absorbs or
transmits light over a certain range C=O Aldehydes ketone 1680 – 1750
of wavelength. Q.29 (B) IR-spectroscopy has been successfully
A spectrophotometer measures used in analysis and identification of
either the amount of light reflected pigments in paintings and other art
from a sample object or the amount objects such as illuminated
of light that is absorbed by the manuscripts except it is used in
sample object. forensic analysis in criminal.
Q.26 (C) The infrared portion of the Q.30 (C) IR spectroscopy can be used to
electromagnetic spectrum is usually identify and study a substance.
divided into three regions the near, Sample of the substance can be in the
solid, liquid or in the gaseous state.

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