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entert

N nalytical Geometry -
= pich
Distance
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hmmmmmmmen
· -
-
(x x) (y Yz)

Hy e↓
AB + -

·
-

, ,

Midpoint of line
I
*
.
Parallel Perpendicular /
lines Median 1 Inclination of a line
Mic ; y) = PPC, 1 ·
Parallel :

M, = Mz
I median AD
A
I an angle formed with the horizontal

Gradient of a line
I · BD = DC
in an anti-clockwise direction
Perpendicular : I I
·
B II II
D
ny

As a
M1XMz = -
1

M= I
/ Altitude I
O
I >
-
Collinear Altitude AD
A
- .....................
--

Straight line =
gradents are equal I I ⑦
ADLBC & &

I between all points O

S DC
B C
D
y = MD + C

M(x x) prove that 2 of the

I I
y y,
-
-
=

I gradients are equal -

vertical line == number When asked to prove I Perpendicular bisector I tano =

M
Horizontal line number Collinear
y
= =

I &
Perpendicular
DisectorMD / if O
* int y = 0 A m is , then is acute

8 · BD DG ① ref angle
y int
=
x = =

I
1: MDLBC
.
B 11 I c
intersecting lines -

sim equations -
I if m is of then o is obtuse
Equate equations
I ⑦ =
refangle + 180
:

I
Circles
at the
with the

origin
centre
um Analytical Geometry
-
<
with Circles
Equation of a circle

<
I
With centre at origin :

4 · Circle with centre at the

origin radius Determine

-
the coo-rd of the centre of Circle

W
x+ y = r2 1 and the length of the raduis when the
StEPS/NOTES
equation is not in standard form
.

Circles with centre not at the origin I . Show that

1
+y-6x H0y + 14 = 0
·
coefficent of y MUST =
1
2 =
can be written in form (x-a) + (y b)
-
= r2
Move constant term to RHS
·

n
M(a ; b)
⑳
Equation : I ·
Group terms with C together
centre.
(x a) + (y b)2 r2
x-6x+
- -
=

v ... + Y 10y+ +... = -

/4 y terms to geter
L &
(a; b)
I
·
is the centre of the circle
S
(EXcoeffofx)" AND
xb)
·
r = radius
·
ADD
(jxb)2 CExcoeff of y? to both sides
N

(10)
2
1 =
(- G) = 9 = = 25 ·
Write LHS as (x ) +
...

(y )...
=

Never Ir leave as is
·
Evaluate RHS
| x -
6x + 9 +
y + 10y +25 = -

14 + 9 + 25

·
always change signs when d ↓
Writing centre cord
.
/( -
3) +
(y + 5) =
20
<
·
nothing With y or : It is 8

I : (x -
3)2 + (y + 5) + 20

I
 Analytical
&
-mmmmmm
Geometry
with Circles
#Intersecting Circles
X
Circles that intersect
.
Circles that do not instersect I
at one point externally
·
tangent is a line that cuts a circle at

secant
I
one distinct point only
riN ·
A secant is a line that cuts a circle
Ri at two distinct points
~

Mn > R + T
n O
·
A tangent a radius are
always perpendicular
I
R
·

M MN =
R+r radius

Circles that intersect at 2 points I 7

tangent - - - - - -

I
- _

·
R
T

MN < R +r
I
Determining the equation of a
tangent
a
tangent :
y = Matc

I y y,
- = M(x xz) -

Circles that intersect at one point internally L -radius m, 1

1 tangent XM,
-
: =

I Methode
MN Determine the centre of circle
·
= R-r Lv
( Calculate the gradient of
·
radius

· n
N
·
Get gradient of tangent
·
.
Determine the equation of the tangent by sub gradient

I 3 point of contact
-