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Periodic Trends - The Periodic Table

The document discusses periodic trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It explains that atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period, while ionization energy and electronegativity show opposite trends. The relationships are attributed to changes in nuclear attraction and electron shell distances as elements are organized in the periodic table.

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kylegaray0306
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5 views1 page

Periodic Trends - The Periodic Table

The document discusses periodic trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It explains that atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period, while ionization energy and electronegativity show opposite trends. The relationships are attributed to changes in nuclear attraction and electron shell distances as elements are organized in the periodic table.

Uploaded by

kylegaray0306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Periodic Trends

By Kyle

Atomic radius definition:


The distance between the nucleus of an atom to
the outermost shell of an electron; this is found
by measuring the distance between two nuclei of
identical atoms bonding together.
Group trend:
As you move down a group, the atomic radius
increases. As the number of shells increases,
the distance between the nucleus and the outer
most shell increases. The result is a larger atomic
radius.
Period trend:
As you move across the period, the atomic radius
decreases due to the number of protons added
to the nucleus increasing. This additional positive
charge causes greater electrostatic attraction
between the nucleus and the outher electrons.

Atomic Radius trends - Flexbooks

Ionization energy definition:


The energy required to remove an electron
from a neutral atom’s outermost shell.
Group trend:
The amount of ionization energy directly
correlates to the distance between the nucleus
and the outermost shell. As you go down the
group, the electrostatic attraction between
the protons in the nucleus and the shells aren’t
very strong, as there is great distance between
them. A direct opposite from the atomic radius
trend.
Period trend:
As you move across the period, the atomic
radius decreases and the distance between the
protons in the nucleus and in the outer shells of
the electron is much shorter. This also means
that the electrostatic attraction is much Periodic Table Ionization energy trends - Geeksforgeeks.org

stronger; meaning itwould take a lot more


ionization energy to remove the electron from
the outermost shell.

Electronegativity definition:
An atom’s ability in a chemical bond to attract
electrons. Note: Electronegativity is measured
using a relative scale, not actual units.
Group Trends:
You will notice that as you move down a group, the
number of shells in the element increases. This
causes the atom to have less nuclear/electrostatic
attraction as the nucleus and shells are farther
apart.
Period Trends:
Periodic table Electronegativity trend - Socratic.org Looking at periods from left to right, the atomic
radius decreases, meaning their nuclear
attraction/electromagnetic attraction also
increases base use the nucleaus and electron
shells are so close together, this this results in
greater electronegativity, a greater attraction.

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