CHAPTER IV

AREA PROFILE

This chapter places the survey area profile under two sections. The first

section provides the profile of the state of Tamil Nadu, and the profile of the

responding districts Cuddalore is given in the second section. This chapter

provides an overview of the survey regions regarding the problems related to the

effects of MGNREGS.

4.1 STATE PROFILE

4.1.1 Profile of Tamilnadu

Tamil Nadu, with an area of 13, 0058 km, is located in the SE part of the

Indian peninsula between the Latitude: 11° 00' N and Longitude: 78° 00' E. It is

connected to the east by the Bay of Bengal, in the southern part of the Indian

Ocean, to the west by the state of Kerala and the Arabian Sea, while in the north by

Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The long coastline of more than 1, 070 km

represents an important natural resource with immense value for commercial,

recreational and aesthetic purposes. Wetlands are transition zones that occupy an

intermediate position between dry land and open water. This concept includes a

diverse and heterogeneous collection of habitats ranging from rivers, floodplains

and storm lakes to swamps, estuaries and beach meadows. The flow of agriculture

with pesticide residues and the arbitrary destruction of mangroves for the

combustion and a grave threat to the eco-system.

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4.1.2 Physiographic

The topography of Tamil Nadu is widely represented by the eastern coastal

plains; the hinterland and the hills as a product to the West. The plains represent

more than half of the territory of the State geographically; three major units are

recognized from west to east. The western part consists of the Western Ghats

roughly N-S trend and characterized by a continuous selection of hills stretching

from the Nagarkovil in the south to the Nilgiri-Bilgirirangan hills of the north and

further north by Karnataka. The height of these plateaus fluctuates between 1, 275

M and 2, 637 M. The salient hills are Mahendragiri, Agasthiarmalai, Anaimalai

and Nilgris. The Doddabetta with a height of 2, 637 M is the highest point in the

hills of Nilgiri. The East-West trend of the Palghat Gap is an important

physiographic rupture in Western Ghats. The central part of the state is a vast track

of dissected pediments and pediplains. Residual Hills in this part viz., Shevaroy,

Kalrayan, Chitteri, Kollimalai, Pachchaimalai and Javadibifurcate the extensions of

Eastern Ghats, while Karandamalai, Sirumalai and Kodaikanal Hills form another

set of residual Hills, further in the south.

.The eastern part of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry and Karaikkal are

characterized by a coastal plain with associated landscape forms such as large tidal

flats, beach ridges, estuaries and lagoons and a narrow but rather a continuous

beach line. The area is drained by a number of rivers such as Palar, Cheyyar,

Ponnaiyar, Cauvery, Moyar, Bhavani, Amaravathi, Vaigai, Tambraparani, etc. ESE

flows from Western Ghats. Pondicherry and its environs are located in the

watershed region. Karaikkal is located in the lush Delta Cauvery and is fed by the

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waters of Arasalar, Nattar, Vanjiyar and Nandalar. The coast of Tamil Nadu and

Pondicherry consists of a number of platforms from Wave Cut and several

paleoshore lines. As Paleo-shore extends suggest periods of violation and

regression. The ongoing geodynamic process is generally progradation along the

coast, which is modified at several places by erosion and deposition by Aeolian

and Fluvial agents. The eastern areas of the central part of the state are marked by

the depositional regime of many Rivers manifested by typical fluvial features like

levees, channel bars and palaeo channels, back swamps and vast flood plains.

4.1.3 Climate

The climate in the state is the type that supports tropical monsoon. On the

plains, the temperature in winter rarely drops below 18 °c, while in high season it

rises to 43 °c. Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry receive rain from the northeast and

southwest monsoons. Peak precipitation and occasional cyclones occur during the

northeast monsoon. The Nilgris receives maximum rainfall, while the

Ramanathapuram and Thirunelveli districts receive low rainfall. Annual rainfall

varies between 60 cm and 118 cm.

4.1.4 Rainfall

On average, Tamilnadu received an annual precipitation of 906.80 mm

during the year 2014-15, which represents a deviation of (-) 2 percent than the

normal 920.2 mm. The comparison of precipitation recorded under 2014-15 with

normal precipitation shows that precipitation was excessive in 5 districts and 18

districts. During the year 2014-15, the highest rainfall of 1221.9 mm was recorded

in the vicinity, and the lowest rainfall of 699.1 mm was witnessed in Ariyalur district.

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4.1.5 Geology

Archaean crystalline rocks up to the end of the Proterozoic age occupy

more than 80 percent of the state area, while the remainder is covered by

sedimentary rocks, Phanerozoic mainly along the coastal belt and in some River

valleys. The Hard Rock field mainly covers page 5 of 17 groups of Charnockite

and Khondalite and their migmatite derivatives, the supracrustal sequences of the

Satyamangalam and Kolar groups and the Peninsular Gneissic complex (Bhavani

Group), which Were ultramafic-mafic complexes, base dikes, granites and

syenites. The sedimentary rocks of the coastal belt include fluvial, sea-river and

marine sequences, such as the Super Gondwana group (Carboniferous to allow the

Upper Jurassic to the lower chalk), the marine sediments in the Cauvery basin

(Chalk below the Paleogene), Cuddalore/Panambarai formation (Mio-Pliocene)

and sediments in the Quaternary and present age.

4.1.6 Governance and administration

The governor is the constitutional head of the state, while the chief minister

is the head of the government and the head of the Council of Ministers. The Chief

justice of the High Court Chambers is the head of the judiciary. The current

governor, the Chief Minister and the Chief Justice are Banwarilal Purohit

(Governor), Edappadi K. Palaniswami and Indira Bayin respectively. The

administrative state is divided into 32 districts. Chennai (formerly Madras) is the

capital of the state. It is the fourth largest urban settlement in India and is also one

of the major metropolitan cities of India. The state includes 39 ridings of LokSabha

and 234 constituencies of the legislature.

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 Tamil Nadu has been a pioneering state of E-Governance initiatives in

India. A large part of the government records like land ownership records are

digitized and all major offices of the state government like Urban Local Bodies -

all the corporations and municipal office activities - revenue collection, land

registration offices, and transport offices have been computerized. Tamil Nadu is

one of the states where law and order has been maintained largely

successfully. The Tamil Nadu Police Force is over 140 years old. It is the fifth

largest state police force in India (as of 2015, total police force of TN is 1,11,448)

and has the highest proportion of women police personnel in the country (total

women police personnel of TN is 13,842 which is about 12.42 percent to

specifically handle violence against women in Tamil Nadu. In 2003, the state had a

total police population ratio of 1:668, higher than the national average of 1:717.

4.1.7 Administrative subdivisions

Tamil Nadu had a bicameral legislature until 1986, when it was replaced by

a unicameral legislature, like most other states in India. The duration of the

government is five years. The current government is headed by Edappadi

K. Palaniswami, after the closure of the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu,

J. Jayalalitha’s (All India Anna Mette Munnetra Kazhagam) tenure after he demise.

The Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu is housed at Fort St. George in Chennai.

The state was subjected to the presidential rule four times – first from 1976 to

1977, then for a short period in 1980, then from 1988 to 1989 and the most recent

in 1991.

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4.1.8 Soil

The predominant soils of Tamil Nadu are red loam, laterite, black, alluvial

and saline soils.

 Red Loam: The soil of red loam occupies a large part of the state in particular

the inner districts, including the coastal districts. It is mainly found in

Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Vellore Salem, Dharmapuri, Ramanathapuram,

Codéliore, Cheaty, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Sivaganga, Virudunagar, Madurai,

Dindigul, Nagapattinam, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli and Nilgiris. The red or

brown color of the soil is attributed to the diffusion of the iron content.

 Laterite Soil: The soil of laterite is clayey and usually brick red with a small

titanium present. It is found in parts of the districts of Kancheepuram,

Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Nilgris.

 Black Soil: Black soil is clayey with black rich deposits of land known as

black cotton land, found in parts of, Madurai, Dindigul, Thoothukudi and

Tirunelveli and in plots in the districts of Kancheepuram, well Lore, Salem,

Dharmapuri, Ramanathapuram, Virudunagar and Nilgiris

 Alluvial Soil: Alluvial Land is a coastal and Delta area in Thanjavur.

Nagapattinam, Tiruchirappalli, Cuddalore, Kancheepuram, Tirunelveli,

Tuticorin, Kanyakumari, Ramanathapuram and Sivagangai districts have this

form of soil.

 Saline Soilis found in the regions of poor drainage and high evaporation. It is

found in patches in all the districts except Kanyakumari and the Nilgiris.

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4.1.9 Socio-Economic conditions

Tamil Nadu is also relatively more urbanized than the other major states of

India. According to the 2001 Census, 43.86 percent of the population of Tamil

Nadu lives in urban areas whereas the level of urbanization at the national level is

less than one-third (27.78%). According to 1991 census also the level of

urbanization of Tamil Nadu (34.15%) was high; however, in 2001 it became the

state having the highest percentage of urban population in India. The production of

food-grains during the year 2001-2002 was 88, 42,400 tonnes. Rice is the dominant

crop constituting 85.2 percent of the total food-grains production. About 43 percent

Tamil Nadu’s areas are under agriculture with a per capita figure of 0.0982 ha of

agricultural land. The size of operational holdings is going down fast and sub-

marginal holdings below 0.5 ha constitute the majority with cropping intensity of

118 percent and irrigation intensity of 119 percent. Tamil Nadu has roughly 7

percent of the country’s population, 4 percent of the land and 3 percent of the

water resources. While agriculture and allied sectors account for nearly 62 percent

of the total employment of the state, their contribution to the state’s economy is

only 22 percent.

Net area sown represents the area sown with crops during the year only

once. Out of the 1, 29, 91,322 hectares of geographical area 54, 64,376 hectares of

land constituting 42 percent was cultivated once with various crops during the year

1999-2000 of the total net area sown in the State, the share of Dharmapuri district

was 7.2 percent followed by Villupuram district with 6.2 percent. Thiruvarur

district ranked first contributing 72.7 percent of its geographical area towards this

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category followed by Cuddalore with 62.7 percent, Thanjavur district with 59.8

percent, Perambalur with 58.4 percent, Namakkal with 58 percent, Nagapatinam

with 55.9 percent and Salem with 49.8 percent respectively. The gross area sown

represents the total area cultivated under all food and non-food crops including the

area sown more than once. The gross area sown during 1999-2000 is 65, 19,109

hectares as against 66, 27,125 hectares during 1998-99, registering a decrease of

1.6 percent. The area sown more than once during 1999-2000 is 105, 4,733

hectares as against 9, 92,611 hectares in 1998-90.

The more than one-off area, which has been sown more than once, is 16.2

percent of the gross area is sown in the state in 1999-2000. In Tamil Nadu, a

volume of 4,75,850 hectares of land falls below the barren and inedible land

category, accounting for 3.7% of the state's total geographical area. The

Villupuram district alone accounts for 57,297 hectares, or 12.0 percent of the

state's barren and inaccessible land, and about 7.9 percent of its geographic area is

below that category. The area under this category is very slender in the Thiruvarur

district, accounting for 0.2 percent of the total geographical area. In the Tamil

Nadu district, the Dharmapuri district is ranked # 1 with a forest area of 3, 66,226

hectares. That represents 17.2 percent of the state's total forest area. That's

followed by the eroded county at 2.28, 750 acres (10.7%). The Nilgiris district has

about 56.3 percent of the total area as forests, followed by Dharmapuri with 38.0

percent. Dharmapuri, Erode, Vellore, Coimbatore, Thiruvannamalai, The Nilgiris,

Dindigul, Salem, Thirunelveli and Theni Districts which account for about 9.8% of

the total forest area of the state.

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4.1.10 Tsunami

A 9.00-magnitude earthquake on the richter scale hit the seabed off the

coast of Sumatra, Indonesia at 6.28am on 26.12.2004. The resulting seismic giant

Sea Wave (tsunami) has rocked the coast of southern India. These gigantic waves

forcibly ravaged the Tamil Nadu coast on 26.12.2004 at 8.30am. The people living

in villages and towns along the entire coast of 13 districts such as Chennai,

Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, Villuppuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur,

Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Thoothukkudi, Tirunelveli and

Canniyakumari. As a result of this sudden attack of the tsunami, many fishermen

living in coastal areas are the hardest hit, and thousands of them have lost their

lives and livelihoods. In this disaster, lakhs of people lost their homes and became

homeless. This tsunami caused very heavy damages both to the families and the

belongings of fishermen namely, catamarans, vallams, mechanized boats, fishing

nets and belongings and properties of the non-fishermen communities living along

the coast of Tamil Nadu.

Thirteen coastal areas were hit hard in By tsunami in December 2004. Near

373 villages were hit. Added to this were 8036 human losses and 16519 livestock

losses. Around 3136 people suffered serious injuries. Property damage was caused

to 1.5 lakh inhabitants. About 5 people were taken to safer places. 3.09 lakh

strikers were housed in 412 relief centers. Medical teams consisting of 547 doctors,

led by public doctors, were formed and admitted to the affected areas to care for

the injured, prevent the outbreak of epidemics and public sanitation etc. in the

affected areas and Emergency centers.

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 Map 4.1.1 Location of Tamilnadu

Source: d-maps.com

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4.2 DISTRICT PROFILE

4.2.1 Profile of Cuddalore

Cuddalore is a city in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Scholars

believe that the name Cuddalore was derived from the word “Koodalur”, meaning

the confluences of Tamil. While the early history of Cuddalore remains unclear,

the city first became significant during the reign of Pallavas and medieval Cholas.

After the fall of Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties including Pandyas,

Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, ThanjavurNayaks, Thajavur Marathas, Tipu

Sultan, French and the British Empire. Cuddalore witnessed the scene of seven

years war with the Battle of Cuddalore in 1758 between the French and the British.

It has been part of independent India since 1947.

During the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Cuddalore was one of the most

affected towns, killing 572 people. In addition to fishing and the port industry,

Cuddalore is home to the chemical, pharmacology and energy industries in

SIPCOT, an industrial area founded by the state government. The city is managed

by a municipality with an area of 27,69 km and had a population of 1,73,676 in

2011. Cuddalore is part of the Cuddalore constituency, which is part of the

Cuddalore LokSabha constituency. In total, there are nine schools, two arts and

science schools, and two engineering colleges in the city. There is a government

hospital, six urban maternity homes and 37 other private hospitals that meet the

needs of health care citizens. The roads are the main means of transport; the city

also has a rail link. The nearest airport is Chennai International Airport, 200 km

from the city. The nearest major seaport is the Karaikal harbour, which is 100 km

from the city.

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4.2.2 Geography

Cuddalore is located at the 11.75°N 79.75°E. It has an average height of

6 m. The land is completely flat with large deposits of black and alluvial land

inland and coarse sand near the coast. The sandstone deposits in the village are

popular. The Pennaiyar River flows north of the city, while the Gadilam River

flows over it. Cuddalore is 200 km from the capital Chennai and 18 km from

Pondicherry, the neighbouring trade union area. The nearest airport is in Chennai,

200 km from Cuddalore.

The period from November to February in Cuddalore is pleasant, with a

climate of warm days and cool nights. The start of summer is from March, and the

mercury peaks by the end of May and June. Average temperatures range from 37 ° C

in January to 22.5 ° C in May and June. Summer rains are sparse and the first

monsoon, the Southwest monsoon, sets in June and lasts until September. The

north-east monsoon begins in October and lasts until January. Rainfall during the

Southwest Moon period is much less than that of Northeast Monsoon. The average

rainfall is 1,400 mm, most of which is contributed by the north-east monsoon.

4.2.3 Climate

Cuddalore experiences a Tropical wet and dry climate under the Koppen

climate classification.

4.2.4 Demography

According to the 2011 census, Cuddalore has a population of 1,73,636 with

a gender ratio of 1,026 women per 1,000 men, well above the national average of

929. A total of 17,403 years are old, representing 8,869 men and 8,534 women.

The line castings and tribes accounted for 13.22 percent and the population

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respectively. The city's average literacy is 78.92 percent, compared with the

national average of 72.99 percent. The town has a total of 42,174 households.

There was a total of 62,115 workers, including 561 growers, 1,856 main offenders,

1,464 in housekeeping, 48,337 other workers, 9,897 border workers, 139 border

farmers, 952 border workers, 771 marginal workers in the household industry and

8,035 other marginal workers.

In 2007, a total of 1,665 hectares (11.5%) of the land was used for

residential purposes, 122 hectares (0.8%) for trade, 400 hectares (990 hectares)

(2.7%) for industrial, 195 hectares (480 hectares) (1.4%) for public and semi-

public purposes and 120 hectares (300 hectares) (0.8%) for the Education. Of the

undeveloped land area, 3.089 hectares (21.3%) are under land and water, 7,296.97

ha (18.3 1.2 hectares) (50.5%) of the area is used for agricultural purposes, 770 ha

(1,900 hectares) (5.4%) is free land in quarries and hills and 810 hectares (2,000

hectares) (5.6%) for transport and communications. Since 2008, there have been a

total of 29 reported slums, 59.075 out of 37.23 percent of the total population in

these habitations. According to the 2011 religious census, Cuddalore had around

89.12 percent Hindus, 6.09 percent Muslims, 3.98 percent Christians, 0.02 percent

Sikhs, 0.02 percent Buddhists, 0.27 percent Jains, 0.48 percent percent according to

other religions and 0.01 percent according to no religion or religious preferences.

4.2.5 Economic

Cuddalore is a coastal city; historically Cuddalore has its main industry as

fishing. Although Cuddalore was once a port city, the shipping has since moved to

larger centers. Cuddalore is also home to heavy industry, pharmacology and energy

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in SIPCOT, an industrial area founded by the state government. The National

Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) and the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board

(TNEB) planned to build power plants in the city. Industrial development in

Cuddalore has recently led to pollution. SIPCOT, the largest industrial area in the

city is a "global toxic hotspot” Local communities have expressed concern about

industrialization and pollution. The SIPCOT chemical industry estate in Cuddalore

was investigated in November 2002 by a team from the Indian People's Tribunal,

led by J. Kanakaraj.

The report, published in July 2003, reported that "villages like Kudikadu;

Thaikal, Eachangadu and Sonnanchavadi lie in a virtual "gas chamber," which is

surrounded on three sides by chemical factories and is bordered on the fourth by

the river. There are reports of illegal disposal of toxic waste. On 22 March 2008, a

report by the Nagpen resident "National Environmental Engineering Research

Institute " for the "Tamil Nadu Pollution Board " found that the inhabitants of the

SIPCOT area of Cuddalore were at least 2000 times more likely than their

counterparts who contracted cancers in their lives due to exposure to high levels of

toxic gases from the chemical industry in that region.

The Cuddalore Port operates at the confluence of the Gadilam River and

the Paravanar River. The ships anchor in the middle stream at a distance of about a

mile from the shore, where cargo is loaded and unloaded by lighters. At the mouth

of the combined river is a bar that gets a depth of 5 to 6 feet at low water. In the

months of July to September, the depth above the bar is reduced to about 3 to 4

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feet. Other ports in Cuddalore include Thiruchopuram Port, Silambimangalam

Port, Parangipettai Port (Porto Nova) and PY-03 Oil Field.

4.2.6 Education and utility services

There are nine schools in Cuddalore. The city has three arts and science

schools: Periyar Arts College, St. Joseph Arts & science College and C. Kandasamy

Naidu College for Women (KNC). There are two engineering schools in the city,

Krishnasamy Memorial Engineering College and Jayaram Engineering College.

Krishnasamy Memorial Polytechnic and Padaleeswarar Polytechnic are the two

polytechnics colleges in the city. There are six industrial training institutes (ITI) in

the city, two of which are run by the government. Cuddalore's power supply is

controlled and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). The city

and its suburbs form the Cuddalore power distribution circuit. A chief engineer is

stationed at the regional headquarters.

The city is supplied by the municipality of Cuddalore from three sources:

The Pennaiyar River, which carries wells from the Caper Hills and Thirvanthipuram.

The water from the springs is stored in ten overhead tanks in different

neighborhoods. In the period 2000-01, 6,065 million litres of water were delivered

to the city's households every day. About 103 tons of solid waste are collected

daily from Cuddalore by door-to-door collection. The medical department of the

municipality of Cuddalore then carries out the source demarcation and dumping.

From 2001 onwards, the coverage of waste management exhibits an efficiency of

100 percent. There is no underground drainage facility in the city, and sanitation

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for the disposal of sullage is through sewage tanks, open sewage and public

facilities. The community maintains storm water drains for 65km, covering 32

percent of community roads. There is a government hospital and six urban parent

homes.

In total, there are 4,517 streetlights in the city: 275 sodium lamps, 201

mercury vapor lamps and 4,041 tube lights in the village. The municipality

operates five markets, namely the Aringar Anna Daily Market in Manjakuppam,

the Banbari Day Market in Thirupapuliyur, the Bakthavachalam Day Market in

Cuddalore OT, the Pudupalayam Daily Market in Pudupalayam and the

Devanampattinam Daily Market in Devanampattinam that meets the needs of the

city and surrounding rural areas.

4.2.7 Municipal administration and politics

The municipality of Cuddalore was founded in 1866 during the British

period as a revenue ferity. It was promoted to a selection community in 1991 and

to the special congregation in 2008. The community has 45 stations, and there is an

elected city council for each of these departments. The tasks of the municipality

are divided into six departments: General Administration Office of Personnel,

Engineering, Sales, Public Health, Urban Planning and Information Technology

(IT). All of these departments are under the control of a community commissioner

who takes over. The legislative powers are on a panel of 45 members, one each

from the 45 stations. The legislative body is chaired by an elected chairman, who is

backed by a deputy chairman. Cuddalore is part of the Cuddalore Assembly

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District and elects a member of Tamil Nadu's Legislative Assembly every five

years. Law and order in the city is maintained by the Cuddalore subdivision of

Tamil Nadu police under the direction of a deputy superintendent (DSP). There are

four police stations in the city in NT, Thirupapuliyur, Cuddalore OT and

Cuddalore Port. There are Special Forces such as the enforcement of prohibition

procedures, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime data and

special branches that are at the county level police department under the direction

of a superintendent of Police (SP).

Map 4.2.1 Location of Cuddalore District

Source: Maps of India

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4.3 BLOCK PROFILE

4.3.1 Profile of Annagramam

Annagramam Block is a revenue block of the Cuddalore district of Tamil

Nadu, India. This revenue stall consists of 42 Panchayat villages. Annagramam is a

block in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Annagramam Block Head

Quarters is Annagramam City. It is located 26 km west from the Cuddalore district

stop, 184 KM from the state capital Chennai heading north. Annagramam Block is

bounded by the Panruti block heading south, net edge block heading east,

Koliyanur block northbound, Villuppuram block northbound. Panruti City,

Villuppuram City, Nellikuppam City, Cuddalore City are the nearby towns after

Annagramam. It is at a height of 23 m (height). This place is located on the border

of the Cuddalore and Pondicherry district. Pondicherry District net tobacco is east

towards this place. Also, it is in the border of the other district of Villuppuram and

close to the state leg

4.3.2 Demographics

Tamil and English is the Local Language practiced here.

4.3.3 Politics

DMDK, DMK, AIADMK, PMK, ADMK are the major political parties in

this area. Annagramam Block comes under Panruti assembly constituency, current

sitting MLA is Sathya.P contested and won from AIADMK party Annagramam

Block comes under Cuddalore parliament constituency, current sitting MP is

Arunmozhithevan.

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4.3.4 Weather and Climate

It is Hot in summer. Annagramam summer highest day temperature is in

between 27 °C to 41 °C. Average temperatures of January is 26 °C. February is

27 °C, March is 28 °C, April is 31 °C, May is 32 °C.

4.3.5 Rail

Thiruthuraiyur Rail Way Station, Panruti Rail Way Station are the very

nearby railway stations to Annagramam Block. However, Thanjavar Rail Way

Station is major railway station 138 KM near to Annagramam

4.3.6 Temples in Annagramam

Annagramam block have four temples namely KodandaRamar, Pillayar

Temple, Sri Jyeshta Devi and Sri Pasupatheswarar.

4.3.7 Hospitals in Annagramam

Five hospitals available in Annagramam block like BMR Mani Hospital,

GG Health Centre, Government PHC Arasamangalam, Sanjeevi and Ayurveda

Hospital.

4.3.8 Colleges in Annagramam

Two educational institutions located in Annagramam block. Anna

University of Technology and Sabari College of Education.

4.3.9 Schools in Annagramam

There are five schools in Annagramam block - Government Primary

School, Government Higher Secondary School, Government School, Balar

Vidhiyalaya School and Municipal Elementary School.

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 Map 4.3.1 Location of Annagramam Block

Source: TWAD Board, Chennai

100