Scribd
Upload
4 views

Quarter-3-Module-3

This module covers the normal probability distribution, focusing on its characteristics, properties, and the empirical rule. It explains how to compute probabilities using the standard normal curve and z-scores, along with practical examples and exercises. Key concepts include the bell-shaped curve, the significance of mean and standard deviation, and applications in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

Sophia De Guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Quarter-3-Module-3

This module covers the normal probability distribution, focusing on its characteristics, properties, and the empirical rule. It explains how to compute probabilities using the standard normal curve and z-scores, along with practical examples and exercises. Key concepts include the bell-shaped curve, the significance of mean and standard deviation, and applications in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

Sophia De Guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Quarter 3 - Module 3:

Normal Probability
Distribution

Ms. Gayle C. Sampere


After going through this module, you are
expected to:

1. describe a normal random variable and its


characteristics.
2. draw a normal curve and state the empirical rule;
and
3. compute probabilities using table of cumulative
areas under a standard normal curve.
Match the items in column A with those in column B

A B
1. Summation
2. Variance a. 𝜎 2
3. Mean b. Σ
4. Standard c. P(X)
Deviation d. 𝜇
5. Probability e. 𝜎
Normal Probability Distribution
a continuous distribution of data that has the shape of symmetrical
bell curve. It’s also known as the Bell Curve or sometimes called
Gaussian Distribution.
Properties of a Normal Curve
1. The distribution curve is
bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical
about the center.
3. The mean, median and
mode coincide at the
center.
4. The tails of the curve is
asymptotic to the base
line.
5. The area under the curve
is equal to 1.
Note:
There are 2 factors that The standard deviation
affects the normal curve: determines the shape of the
Value of Mean graph. (height and width of
the curve.)
Value of Standard Deviation
If 𝜎 is large, the graph of the
Why? normal curve is short and
The change of value of the wide.
mean shift the graph of the If 𝜎 is small, the graph of the
normal curve to the right or to normal curve is skinnier and
the left. taller.
The normal distribution is produced by the
normal density function:

2
1 − 𝑥−𝜇
f(x) = 𝑒
𝜎 2𝜋 2𝜎

Although these areas can be determined with calculus,


tables were generated in the 19th century for the special
case of 𝜇= 0 and σ = 1, known as the Standard Normal
Distribution.
Empirical Rule
The normal curve
follows the empirical
rule (also called the 68-
95-99.7 rule):
Approximately
68%/95%/99.7% of the
area under the curve
falls within 1/2/3
standard deviation of
the mean.
Empirical Rule

The normal curve follows


the empirical rule (also
called the 68-95-99.7
rule):
Approximately 95% of
the area under the curve
falls within 2 standard
deviation of the mean.
Empirical Rule
The normal curve
follows the empirical
rule (also called the 68-
95-99.7 rule):
Nearly the entire
distribution, about
99.7% of the area under
the curve, falls within 3
standard deviations of
the mean.
Example 1:

The scores of the senior high school students in their


Statistics and Probability quarterly examination are
normally distributed with a mean of 35 and a standard
deviation of 5.
Answer the following:
a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?
Standard Normal Curve
A standard normal curve is
Where:
a normal probability
distribution that has a 𝜇 = 0 Y = height of the curve particular
values of X.
and standard deviation 𝜎 =
1. X = any score in the distribution
𝜎 = standard deviation
This distribution is also
known as the Z-distribution 𝜇 =mean of the population
𝟏 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐 𝜋 =3.1416
− ( )
𝒆 𝟐 𝝈
e = 2.7183
Y=
𝝈 𝟐𝝅
Standardization: How to Calculate Z-scores

▪ To standardize your data, you need to convert the raw


measurements into Z-scores.
▪ To calculate the standard score for an observation, take
the raw measurement, subtract the mean, and divide by
the standard deviation. Mathematically, the formula for
that process is:

(𝑥−𝜇)
Z=
𝜎
Note:

Any normal distribution can be converted into a


standard normal distribution by converting the data
values into z-scores

(𝑥−𝜇)
Z=
𝜎
Applying Normal Distribution

1. Calculate a z-score for each x-value given 𝜇 = 6 and 𝜎 = 2

a) x = 5.3
b) x = 7.2
c) x = 9.9
d) x = 0.8
Applying Normal Distribution

2. Adrian’s average bowling score is 174, and is normally


distributed with a standard deviation of 35. In what
percent of games does Adrian score more than 200 points?
3. ) IQ score of people around the world are normally
distributed, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of
15. A genius is someone with an IQ greater than or equal to
140. What percent of the population is considered genius?
Example 2:

Imagine that we have an apple that weighs 110


grams and an orange that weighs 100 grams. Assume
that the weights of apples and oranges follow a
normal distribution with the following parameter
values: Find z-scores and weight percentile.
Apples Oranges

Mean weight of grams 100 140

Standard Deviation 15 25
Example 3:

Assuming the normal heart rate in a healthy individual is


normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard
deviation of 10 beats/min. Find the percentage of
individuals whose heartbeat is
a.) below 40bpm
b.) above 90bpm.
Example 4:

The average menstrual cycle is 28 days with standard


deviation of 4 days. Find the probability of women whose
menstrual cycle is
a.) above 21 days
b.) below 39 days
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE
USING z-table

Case 1: Area under the normal curve to the left of a


Case 2: Area under the normal curve to the right of a
Case 3: Area under the normal curve in between a and b.
Case 1: Area under the normal curve to the
left of a

Example 03:
3.1 Find A (z<-1.32)
3.2 Find A (z<1.56)
3.3 Find A (z<-0.43)
3.4 Find A (z < 3.45)
Case 2: Area under the normal curve to the
right of a

Example 04:

4.1 Find A (z > 1.35)


4.2 Find A (z > 2.5)
4.3 Find A (z > -1.55)
4.4 Find A (z > -2.35)
Case 3: Area under the normal curve in
between a and b.

Example 05:

5.1 Find A (1.65<z<2.51)


5.2 Find A (1.70<z<2)
5.3 Find A (-3<z<3)
5.4 Find A (-1<z<2)
Example 5:

The weight of 1000 5-year old children are normally


distributed with a mean of 20 kg and a standard deviation
of 1.5 kg. How many children have a weight which is less
than 21.5 kg.?
Activity 5

For each of the following, sketch the drawing of a


normal curve and find the area of the following:
1. A (z < 0.65)
2. A (z < -0.86)
3. A (z > 2.06)
4. A (z > -0.48)
5. A (1.32 < z < 2.71)
Activity 5

6. The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High


School are normally distributed with a mean of 150 cm
and standard deviation of 15 cm. The height of Sir Victor
has a z-score of 3.25.
a. What is the actual height of Sir Victor?
b. What is the z score if the height of Sir Victor is 234 cm?
(Round off your answer to the Nearest hundredths)
Activity 5

7. X = 25, µ= 40, σ = 6, z = ? area=?


8. z = -2.25, µ= 2.18, σ = 36, X = ? area=?
ത 10.5, σ = 8, z = ? area=?
9. X = 1.25, 𝑋=
10. Given a normal distribution with a mean of 85 and
standard deviation of 15, find the area below 60.

You might also like