SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Lecture 2: Tension in Structural Members

Axial Load
1. A steel rod is 2.2m long and must not 5. A 9 m length of 6mm diameter length
stretch more than 1.2mm when a 8.5-kN steel wire is to be used in a hanger. It is
is applied to it. Knowing that noted that the wire stretches 18mm when
E=200GPa. tensile force speed is applied knowing
a. Determine the smallest diameter that that E=200GPa.
should be used. 9.96mm a. Determine the magnitude of the
b. Compute the corresponding normal force P 11.31kN
stress caused by the load. 109.1MPa b. Compute for the corresponding
normal stress in the wire.
2. A 1.5 m long steel wire of 6mm 400MPa
diameter steel wire is subjected to a
3.5kN tensile load. Knowing that E = 6. A 1.4m aluminum pipe should not
200GPa. stretch more than 1.3mm when it is
a. Determine the elongation of the steel subjected to a tensile load. Knowing that
wire. 0.928mm E=70GPa and that the allowable tensile
b. Compute for the corresponding load strength is 96.5MPa.
normal stress in the wire. 123.8MPa a. Determine the maximum allowable
length of the pipe, 943mm
3. Two gage marks are placed exactly b. Compute for the required area of the
254mm apart on a 12mm diameter pipe if the tensile load is 580kN.
aluminum rod with E=70GPa and an 6010mm2
ultimate strength of 110MPa. Knowing
that the distance between the gage marks 7. A nylon tread is subjected to a 8.5-N
is 254.23mm after a load is applied. tension force. Knowing that E=3.3GPa
a. Determine the stress in the rod. and that the length of the thread
64.4MPa increases by 1.1%.
b. Compute for the factor of safety. a. Determine the diameter of the thread.
1.71 0.55mm
b. Compute for the stress in the tread.
4. The control rod made of yellow brass 36.3MPa
must not stretch more than 3mm when
the extension in the wire is 4kn. 8. A cast iron is used to support a
Knowing that E=105GPa and the compressive load. Knowing that
maximum allowable normal stress is E=70GPa and that the maximum
180MPa. allowable change in length is 0.025%.
a. Determine the smallest diameter that a. Determine the maximum normal
can be selected for the rod. stress in the tube, 17.5MPa
5.32mm b. Compute for the minimum wall
b. Compute for the corresponding thickness for a load of 7.3kN if the
maximum length of the rod. outside diameter tube is 50mm.
1.75mm 44.37mm

1
9. A block of 250mm Length and
45mmX40mm cross-section is to support
centric compressive load P. The material
to be used in a bronze for which E =
70GPa. Determine the largest load that
can be applied, knowing that the normal
stress must not exceed 124MPa and that
the decrease in length of the block
should be at most 0.12% of it original
length. 48.4kN

10. A 9-kN tensile load will be applied to a

50-m length of steel wire with
E=200GPa. Determine the smallest
diameter wire that can be used knowing
that the normal stress must not exceed
150 MPa and that the increase in the
length of the wire should be at most
25mm. 10.70mm Figure P13

11. A single axial load of magnitude a. Determine the value of Q so that the
P=58kN is applied at end C of brass rod deflection at a is zero. 32.8mm
ABC. Knowing that E=105GPa b. Compute for the corresponding
determine the diameter d of portion BC deflection at B. 0.073mm
for which the deflection of point C will c. Knowing that P = 6kN, determine
be 3mm.16.52mm the deflection at point A 0.018mm
d. If P change is to 6kN compute the
12. Both portions of the rod ABC are made new deflection at point B. -0.09mm
of an aluminum for E=73Gpa.knopwing
that the diameter of portion BC is 14. A 1.2-m section of aluminum pipe of
d=20mm, determine the largest force P cross-sectional area of 1100 mm2 rests
that can be applied if σall = 160MPa and on a fixed support at A. The 15mm
the corresponding deflection at point C diameter steel rod BC hangs from a rigid
is not to exceed 4mm. 50.30kN bar that rests on the top of the pipe at B.
Knowing that the modulus of elasticity is
200GPa for steel and 72GPa for
aluminum, determine the deflection of
point C when a 60kN force is applied at
C. 4.47mm

Figure P12

13. Both positions on the rod ABC are

made of an aluminum for which
E=10GPa. The magnitude of P is
4kN.

2
 Figure P27

a. Determine the deformations of

Figure P14 members AB. 2.11mm
b. Determine the deformations of
15. The steel frame (E=200 GPa) shown has members AD. 2.03mm
a diagonal brace BD with an area of
190mm2. Determine the largest 17. A homogeneous cable L and uniform
allowable load P if the change in length cross-section is suspended from one end.
of number PD is not to exceed 1.6mm. Denote ρ, as the density (mass per unit
volume) of the cable and E, its modulus
50.4kN
of elasticity.
a. Determine the elongation of the
cable due to its own weight.
gL2
2E
b. Assuming now the cable to be
horizontal, determine the force that
should be applied to each end of the
cable to obtain the same elongation
1
2w
as in (a).

18. Denoting by e as the engineering strain

in a tensile specimen, derive the formula
Figure P15 for the true strain in terms of the
engineering stain.  t ln1  e
16. For the steel truss (E=200GPa) and
loading shown as shown in Figure P27,
19. An axial centric force of magnitude P =
knowing that their cross-sectional area
450kN is applied to the composite block
are 2400mm2 and 1800mm2,
shown by means of a rigid end plate, and
respectively.
that h=10mm.

3
 Figure P20

a. Determine the change in length of

rod EF. 0.076mm
b. Compute for the stress in the rod.
AB. 30.50MPa
Figure P19 c. Compute for the stress in the rod.
CD. 30.50MPa
a. Determine the normal stress in the d. Compute for the stress in the rod.
brass core. 140.60MPa EF. 38.10MPa
b. Determine the normal in the
aluminum plates. 93.75MPa 21. A steel tube (E=200GPa) with a 32-mm
c. Determine the value of h if the outer diameter and a 4-mm thickness is
portion of the load carried by the praised in a vise that is adjusted so that
aluminum plate is half the portion of its jaws just touch the ends of the tube
the load carried by the brass core. without exerting any presser on them.
15mm The two forces shown are then applied
d. Compute for the total load of the to the tube.
stress in the brass is 80MPa. I. After these forces are applied, the
288kN vise is adjusted to decrease the
distance between its jaws by
20. Three steel rod (E =200GPa) support 0.2mm.
36kN Load P. Each of the rods AB
and CD has a 200mm2 cross-
sectional area and rod EF has
625mm2 cross-sectional area. Use
the

Figure P21

a. Determine the forces exerted by the

vise on the tube at A. -76.6kN
b. Determine the forces exerted by the
vise on the tube at D, -64.6kN
c. Compute for the change in length
after of the portion BC of the tube.
-0.039mm

4
II. Assuming that after the forces have been Determine the tension in each wire A caused
applied, the vise is adjusted to decrease by the load P. 0.200P
the distance between its jaws by 0.1mm.
a. Determine the forces exerted by the Determine the tension in each wire B caused
vise on the tube at A. 47.30kN by the load P. 0.525P
b. Determine the forces exerted by the Determine the tension in each wire C caused
vise on the tube at D, -35.30kN by the load P. 0.275P
c. Compute for the change in length Determine the tension in each wire D caused
after of the portion BC of the tube. by the load P. 0.275P
-0.006mm
Thermal Deformation
22. The rigid rod ABC is suspended from 24. A steel railroad track having
three wires of the same material. The E  200GPa   11.7 X 10 / C was
6 o

cross-sectional area of the wire at B is laid out at a temperature of 6oC.
equal to half of the cross-sectional area a. Determine the normal stress in the
of the wire at A and C. rails when the temperature reached
48oC, assuming that the rails are
welded to form a continuous track.
-98.30MPa
b. Determine the normal stress in the
rails when the temperature reached
48oC, assuming that the rails are 10m
long with 3mm gap between them. -
38.30MPa
Figure P22
25. The brass shell having
a. Determine the tension in each wire A  b  20 .9 X 10 6 o
/ 
C is fully
caused by the load P. 0.200 P bonded to the steel core
b. Determine the tension in each wire B
caused by the load P. 0.525P
 
 s  11.7 X 10 / C . Determine
6 o

c. Determine the tension in each wire C the largest allowable increase the
caused by the load P. 0.275P temperature if the stress in the steel
core is not to exceed 55MPa.
23. The rigid bar ABCD is suspended from 75.40oC
four identical wires. Determine the
tension in each wire caused by the load
P.

Figure P23

5
 27. A rod consisting of two cylindrical
portions AB an BC is restrained t both
ends. Portion AB is made of brass
 Eb  105GPa 
 
   20.9 X 10 / C  and portion BC
 6 o
 
 E a  200GPa 
is made of brass  .

  a  11.7 X 10 / C 
6 o

Assuming that the rod is initially on

stressed and there is a temperature rise
of 42oC.

Figure P25

26. The concrete post having

 Ec  25GPa 
 
   9.9 X 10 6 / o C  is reinforced with
 c 
6 steel bars each of 22mm diameter
 E s  200GPa 
having  .


 s  11.7 X 10 6 o
/ C 
Figure P27

a. Determine the normal stresses

induced in portions AB. -44.4MPa
b. Determine the normal stresses
induced in portions BC. -100MPa
c. Compute for the corresponding
deflection of point B at the same
temperature rise. 0.5mm

28. Using Figure P28, determine

Figure P26

a. Determine the normal stresses

induced in the steel and in the
concrete by a temperature of 35oC.
0.391MPa
b. Determine the normal stresses
induced in the steel and in the Figure P28
concrete by a temperature of 35oC.
-9.47MPa a. the compressive force in the bars
shown after temperature rise of 96oC.
217kN

6
 b. the corresponding change in length
of the bronze bar. 0.24mm
c. If a 0.5mm gap exist when the
temperature is 20oC.
i. Determine the temperature at
which the normal stress in the
aluminum bar will be 90MPa.
98.6oC
ii. Compute for the corresponding Figure P30
exact length of the aluminum bar.
450.03mm a. Determine the change in length of
side AB. 0.075mm
Poisson Ratio & Young’s Modulus b. Find the change in length of side BC.
29. A 2-m length of an aluminum pipe of 0.103mm
240mm outer diameter and 10mm wall c. Compute for the change in length of
thickness is used as a short column and diagonal AC. 0.122mm
carries a centric axial of 640kN.
Knowing that E=73GPa and ν = 0.33. 31. The brass rod AD is fitted with a
Use the jacket that is used to apply a
hydrostatic pressure of 48MPa to the
250mm-portion BC of the rod.
Knowing that E = 105GPa and ν =
0.33.

Figure P29

a. Determine the change in length of

the pipe. -2.43mm
b. Find the change in its outer diameter.
0.096mm
c. Compute for the change in its wall Figure P31
thickness. 0.004mm
a. Determine the change in the total
30. A fabric used in air –inflated structures length AD. 50mm
is subjected to biaxial loading that b. Compute for the change in diameter
results in normal stresses σx = 120MPa of portion BC of the rod. -.0153mm
and σz = 160MPa. Knowing that the
properties of the fabric can be 32. The homogeneous plate ABCD is
approximated as E= 87GPa and ν = 0.34. subjected to biaxial loading as
shown. It is known that  z   0 and

7
 that the change in length of the plate 36. An elastomeric bearing (G = 0.9 MPa) is
in x-direction must be zero, that is εx used to support a bridge girder as shown
= 0. If E is the modulus of elasticity to provide flexibility during earthquakes.
and ν is the Poisson ratio. The beam must not displace more than
10 mm when a 22-kN lateral load is
applied as shown. Assume that the
maximum allowable shearing stress is
420 kPa.

Figure P32

a. Determine the required magnitude of

σx.  0
b. Compute for the ratio  0  z .
E
1 2
Figure P36
33. Two blocks of rubber are bounded to
rigid support and to the movable plate
a. Determine the smallest allowable
AB.
dimension, b. 262mm
b. Compute for the smallest required
thickness, a. 21.4mm
c. If b = 220mm and a = 30mm,
determine the shear stress 
431kPa
d. Compute for the shearing modulus G
for the maximum lateral load P =
19kN and a maximum displacement
of 12mm. 1.08MPa

37.
Figure 33 I. For a rod is made of steel with E
= 200 GPa and v = 0.30 with
34. If a force of magnitude P = 19kN causes 200mm length.
a deflection δ = 3mm when the width w
= 60mm, determine the modulus of
rigidity of the rubber used. 10.26MPa

35. If G=7.5MPa and the width w= 80mm,

determine the effective spring constant,
Figure P37
k  P .. 6.17MN/m

8
 Determine the dilatation e. 242μ

Compute the change in volume of the rod.

18.40mm3
II. For a rod is made of aluminum with E =
70 GPa and v = 0.35 with a 200 mm
length.
a. Determine the dilatation e. 519μ
b. Compute the change in volume of
the rod. 39.4mm3

38. From Figure P38;

Figure P39

a. The plate shown has an allowable

stress of 125 MPa, determine the
maximum allowable value of P when
r = 12 mm, 58.3kN
b. If P = 38 kN, determine the
maximum stress when r = 18 mm.
73.9MPa

40. The allowable stress for Figure P89 is

140 MPa. Use Figure P89 to answer
questions 89 to 90.

Figure P38

a. Determine the change in height for

the brass cylinder. -0.075mm
b. Compute for the change in volume of
the brass cylinder if the loading is
hydrostatic with Figure P40
 x   y   z  70MPa -521mm3
41. Determine the maximum allowable
39. From Figure P39; magnitude of the centric load P. 50kN

42. Compute for the percent change in the

maximum allowable magnitude of P if
the raised portions are removed at the
ends of the specimen. 110%

43. A centric axial force is applied to the

steel bar shown. Knowing that σall is 135
MPa, determine the maximum allowable
load P. 55kN

9
 down 9 mm. Neglecting stress
concentrations.

Figure P43

44. The 30-mm-square bar AB has a length

L = 2.2 m; it is made of a mild steel that
is assumed to be elastoplastic with E =
200 GPa and σY = 345 MPa. A force P is
applied to the bar until end A has moved
down by an amount 8m.
Figure P45

a. Determine the maximum value of the

force P. 332kN
b. Find the permanent set measured at
points A after the force has been
removed. 6.37mm
c. Find the permanent set measured at
points B after the force has been
Figure P44 removed 0
a. Determine the maximum value of the 46. Each of the three 6-mm-diameter steel
force P and the permanent set of the cables is made of an elastoplastic
bar after the force has been removed, material for which (σY = 345 MPa and E
knowing that δm = 4.5 mm = 200 GPa. A force P is applied to the
0.705mm rigid bar ABC until the bar has moved
b. Determine the maximum value of the downward a distance δ = 2 mm.
force P and the permanent set of the Knowing that the cables were initially
bar after the force has been removed, taut (Hint: In part c, cable BE is not
knowing that δm = 4.5 mm. taut.).
310.5kN a. Determine the maximum value of P.
c. Compute for the maximum amount 23.9kN
δm by which the bar should be b. Find the maximum stress that occurs
stretched if the desired value of δp is in cable AD. 250MPa
3.5 mm 7.81mm c. Compute for the final displacement
of the bar after the load is removed.
45. Rod AB and BC are made of mild steel 0
that is assumed to be elastoplastic with E
= 200 GPa and σY = 345 MPa. The rods
are stretched until the end has moved

10
 reaches a maximum value of δm =
0.3 mm and then decreased back to
zero, determine, the maximum value
of P. 990kN

48. Bar AB has a cross-sectional area of

1200 mm2 and is made of a steel that is
assumed to be elastoplastic with E = 200
GPa and (σY = 250 MPa. Knowing that
the force F increases from 0 to 520 kN
and then decreases to zero.
Figure P46

47. Rod AB consists of two cylindrical

portions AC and BC, each with a cross-
sectional area of 1750 mm2. Portion AC
is made of a mild steel with E = 200 GPa
and (σY = 250 MPa, and portion BC is Figure P48
made of a high-strength steel with E =
200 GPa and (σY = 345 MPa. A load P is a. Determine the permanent deflection
applied at C as shown. Assume both of point C. 0.104mm
steels to be elastoplastic. b. Find the residual stress in the bar.
-65.2MPa

49. A narrow bar of aluminum is bonded to

the side of a thick steel plate as shown.
Initially, at T1 = 20oC, all stresses are
zero. Assume that the temperature will
be slowly raised to T2 and then reduced
to T1. Also αa = 23.6 X 10-6/oC for the
aluminum and. αs = 11.7 X 10-6/oC for
the steel. Further assume that the
Figure P47 aluminum is elastoplastic, with E = 70
GPa and (σY = 100 MPa. (Hint: Neglect
a. Determine the maximum deflection the small stresses in the plate.)
of C if P is gradually increased from
zero to 975 kN and then reduced
back to zero. 0.292mm
b. Find the maximum stress in portion
AC of the rod. 250MPa
c. Compute for the permanent
deflection of C. 0.027mm
d. Find the maximum stress in portion
BC of the rod. -307MPa Figure P49
e. If P is gradually increased from zero
until the deflection of point C

11
 a. Determine the highest temperature slightly longer than the tube, it is
T2 that does not result in residual observed that the cover must be forced
stresses. 140.04oC against the rod by rotating it one-quarter
b. Find the temperature T2 that will of a turn before it can be tightly closed.
result in a residual stress in the
aluminum equal to 100 MPa.
260.1oC

50. The rigid bar ABC is supported by two

links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5 X 6-
mm rectangular cross section and made
of a mild steel that is assumed to be Figure P51
elastoplastic with E = 200 GPa and (σY =
250 MPa. The magnitude of the force Q a. Determine the average normal stress
applied at B is gradually increased from in the tube. 67.9MPa
zero to 260 kN. Knowing that a = 0.640 b. Determine the average normal stress
m. in the rod. -55.6MPa
c. Find the deformations of the tube.
0.2425mm
d. Find the deformations of the rod. -
0.1325mm

52. The uniform wire ABC, of unstretched

length 2l, is attached to the supports
shown and a vertical load P is applied at
the midpoint B. Denoting by A the
cross-sectional area of the wire and by E
the modulus of elasticity, show that, for
δ « I, determine the deflection at the
Figure P50
P
midpoint B.   l3
a. Determine the value of the normal AE
stress in link AD. 250MPa
b. Find the maximum deflection of
point B. 0.622mm
c. Determine the value of the normal
stress in link AD. 124.3MPa

51. A 250-mm-long aluminum tube (E = 70

GPa) of 36-mm outer diameter and 28- Figure P52
mm inner diameter may be closed at
both ends by means of single-threaded 53. The steel bars BE and AD each have a 6
screw-on covers of 1.5-mm pitch. With X 18-mm cross section. Knowing that E
one cover screwed on tight, a solid brass = 200 GPa, determine the deflections of
rod (E = 105 GPa) of 25-mm diameter is point B of the rigid bar ABC. 0.296mm
placed inside the tube and the second
cover is screwed on. Since the rod is

12
 Figure P54

a. Determine the diameter d of the

largest bit that can be used if the
allowable load at the hole is not to
exceed that at the fillets. 9mm
b. If the allowable stress in the plate is
145 MPa, what is the corresponding
Figure P53
allowable load P? 62kN
c. For P = 58 kN and d = 12 mm,
54. A hole is to be drilled in the plate at A.
determine the maximum stress in the
The diameters of the bits available to
plate shown. 134.7MPa
drill the hole range from 9 to 27 mm in
d. Solve part P54, assuming that the
6-mm increments.
hole at A is not drilled. 135.3MPa

Lecture 3: Torsion in Shafts

55. Using Figure P55 determine

Figure P55

a. the torque T that causes a maximum Figure P56

shearing stress of 70 MPa in the steel
cylindrical shaft shown. 641N.m
b. the maximum shearing stress caused 57. The torques shown are exerted on
by a torque of magnitude T = 800 pulleys A and B. Knowing that, each
N.m. 87.3MPa shaft is solid, determine the
maximum shearing stress in shaft
56. . For the hollow shaft and loading BC. 36.6MPa
shown, determine the
a. maximum shearing stress.
70.5MPa
b. diameter of a solid shaft for which
the maximum shearing stress under
the loading shown is the same as in
part a. 55.8mm

13
 the smallest diameter of shaft BC for
which the maximum value of the
shearing stress in the assembly will not
be increased. 42.8mm

61. The allowable stress is 103.5 MPa in the

38mm-diameter steel rod AB and 55
MPa in the 45.7 mm diameter brass rod
BC.
Figure P57

58. In order to reduce the total mass of the

assembly of Prob. 57, a new design is
being considered in which the diameter
of shaft BC will be smaller. Determine
the smallest diameter of shaft BC for
which the maximum value of the
shearing stress in the assembly will not
increase. 39.8mm Figure P 61
59. Under normal operating conditions, the a. Neglecting the effect of stress
electric motor exerts a torque of 2.4 kN. concentrations,' determine the largest
m on shaft AB. Assume that each shaft torque that may be applied at A..
is solid. 1.04kN.m
b. If the torque has a magnitude of
1.1kN m. is applied at A, determine
the required diameter of rod AB.
38.10 mm

62. The solid rod AB has a diameter dAB =

60 mm and is made of a steel for which
the allowable shearing stress is 75 MPa.
Figure P 59

a. Determine the maximum shearing

stress in shaft AB 77.6MPa
b. Find the maximum shearing stress in
shaft BC. 62.8MPa
c. Compute maximum shearing stress
in shaft CD. 20.9MPa

60. In order to reduce the total mass of the

assembly of Prob. 59, a new design is Figure P62
being considered in which the diameter
of shaft BC will be smaller. Determine

14
 a. The pipe CD, which has an outer
diameter of 90 mm and a wall
thickness of 6 mm, is made of an
steel for which the allowable
shearing stress is 75 MPa. Determine
the largest torque T that may be Figure P64
applied at A. 3.18kN
b. The pipe CD, which has an outer a. Determine the maximum shearing
diameter of 90 mm and a wall stress in a shaft CD 68.7MPa
thickness of 6 mm, is made of an b. A torque of magnitude T=1000N.m
aluminum for which the allowable is applied at D as shown. Knowing
shearing stress is 54 MPa. Determine that the allowable shearing stress is
the largest torque T that may be 60MPa in shaft CD, determine the
applied at A. 3.37kN.m required diameter of shaft AB,
59.6mm
63. The solid rod BC has a diameter of 30
mm and is made of an aluminum for 65. The two solid shafts are connected by
which the allowable shearing stress is 25 gears as shown and are made of steel for
MPa. Rod AB is hollow and has an outer which the allowable shearing stress is
diameter of 25 mm; it is made of a brass 60MPa. Assume that a torque of
for which the allowable shearing stress is magnitude TC = 600N.m is applied at C
50MPa. and that the assembly is in equilibrium.

Figure P63

a. Determine the largest inner diameter

of rod AB for which the factor of
safety is the same for each rod
15.18mm Figure P65
b. Compute for the largest torque that
may be applied at A. 132.5N.m a. Determine the required diameter of
shaft BC. 37.1mm
64. A torque of magnitude T=1000N.m is b. Find the required diameter of shaft
applied at D as shown. Assume that the EF. 31.7mm
diameter of shaft AB is 56mm and the c. If the allowable shearing stress is
diameter of shaft CD is 42mm. 50MPa and the diameters of the two
shafts are, respectively, dBC = 40mm
and dEF = 32mm and that the
assembly is in equilibrium,

15
 determine the largest torque TC that 68. The torques shown are exerted on
may be applied at C. 515N.m pulleys B, C, and D. The entire shaft is
made of aluminum of G = 27 GPa.
66. The shaft shown is made of steel and
has a modulus of rigidity of G = 77
GPa.

Figure P68

a. Determine the angle of twist between

Figure P66 C and B. 8.54o
b. Find the angle of twist between D
a. If the steel shaft is solid, determine and B. 2.11o
angle of twist at A. 4.21o
b. If the steel shaft is hollow with a 30- 69. The solid brass rod AB (G = 39 GPa) is
mm outer diameter and a 20-mm bonded to the solid aluminum rod BC (G
inner diameter, compute for the = 27 GPa).
angle of twist at A. 5.25o

67. The torques shown are exerted on

pulleys A and B. The shafts are solid and
made of steel of G = 77 GPa.

Figure P69

a. Determine the angle of twist at B.

0.741oC
b. Find the angle of twist at A.
Figure P67 1.573oC

a. Determine the angle of twist between 70. Two solid steel shafts (G = 77 GPa) are
A and B. 2.53o connected by the gears shown. Assume
b. Find the angle of twist between A that the radius of gear B is rB = 20 mm.
and C. 3.42o

16
 72. The design of the gear-and-shaft system
shown requires that steel shafts of the
same diameter be used for both AB and
CD. It is further required that Tmax < 60
MPa and that the angle CPD through
which end D of shaft CD rotates not
exceed 1.5°. Knowing that G = 77 GPa,
determine the required diameter of the
shafts. 62.9mm

Figure P70

a. Determine the angle of twist at C. Figure P72

2.06o
b. Find the angle of twist at B. 6.17o 73. The electric motor exerts a torque of
c. Compute for the angle through 800 N.m on the steel shaft ABCD
which the end A rotates when ' TA = when it is rotating at constant speed.
75 N.m. 7.94o Design specifications require that the
diameter of the shaft be uniform
71. A coder F is used to record in digital from A to D and that the angle of
form the rotation of shaft A, is connected twist between A and D not exceed
to the shaft by means of the gear train 1.5°. Knowing that Tmax < 60 MPa
shown, which consists of four gears and and G = 77 GPa, determine the
three solid steel shafts each of diameter minimum diameter shaft that may be
d. Two of the gears have a radius r and used. 42.1mm
the other two a radius nr. If the rotation
of the coder F is prevented, determine in
terms of T, I, G, J, and n the angle
through which end A rotate.
TAl  1 1 
 4  2  1
GJ  n n 

Figure P73

74. The solid cylindrical rod BC is

attached to the rigid lever AB of
length and to the support at C. The
vertical force P applied at A causes a
small displacement at point A.
Determine the corresponding
Figure P71

17
 maximum shearing stress in the rod.
Gd
 
2 La

75. The solid cylindrical rod BC of length L

= 610 mm is attached to the rigid lever
AB of length a = 380 mm and to the
support at C. Design specifications
required that the displacement of A not
exceed 25 mm when a 450 N force P is
applied at A. For the material indicated.

Figure P76

77. Assume the bolts in Problem 76 are

slightly undersized and permit a 1.50
rotation of one flange with respect to the
other before the flanges begin to rotate
Figure P75 as a single unit. Determine the maximum
shearing stress in shaft AB when a
a. Determine the required diameter of torque T of magnitude 500 N.m is
the rod if steel: τall = 103 MPa, G = applied to the flange indicated.
69 GPa21.92mm a. If the torque T is applied to flange B.
b. Find the required diameter of the rod 68.8MPa
if Aluminum: τall = 69MPa, G = 27 b. If the torque T is applied to flange C.
GPa 27.78mm 10.34MPa

76. Two solid steel shafts are fitted with 78. At a time when rotation is prevented at
flanges which are then connected by the lower end of each shaft, a 50N.m
fitted bolts so that there is no relative torque is applied to end A of shaft AB.
rotation between the flanges. Assume G Assume that G = 77 GPa for both shafts.
= 77 GPa.
a. Determine the maximum shearing
stress in shaft CD when a torque of
magnitude T = 500 N.m applied to
flange B. 31.7MPa
b. Find the maximum shearing stress in
shaft AB when a torque of
magnitude T = 500 N.m applied to
flange B. 39.6MPa

Figure P78

18
 a. Determine the maximum shearing a. Determine the magnitude and
stress in shaft CD. 47.1MPa location of the maximum shearing
b. Find the angle of rotation at A. stress in the annular plate.
0.779o T
 max 
c. Assuming that the 50 N.m torque is 2r12
applied to end C of shaft CD,
b. Find the angle through which end B
determine the maximum shearing
of the shaft rotates with respect to
stress in shaft CD. 70.7MPa
end C of the tube.
d. Find the corresponding angle of
rotation at A. 1.169o T  1 1
 BC   2  2 
4Gt  r1 r2 
79. A torque T is applied as shown to a solid
tapered shaft AB. Determine the angle of 81. An annular aluminum plate (G = 27
7TL GPa), of thickness t = 6 mm, is used to
twist at A.
12GC4 connect the aluminum shaft AB, of
length L1 = 90 mm and radius r1 = 30
mm, to the aluminum tube CD, of length
L2 =150 mm, inner radius r2 = 75 mm
and 4 mm thickness (Fig P80). Knowing
that a torque of magnitude T = 2500 N.m
is applied to end A of shaft AB and that
end D of tube CD is fixed.
a. Determine the maximum shearing
stress in the shaft-plate-tube system.
Figure P79 73.7MPa
b. Find the angle through which end A
80. An annular plate of thickness t and rotates. 0.510o
modulus of rigidity G is used to connect
shaft AB of radius r1 to tube CD of inner 82. While a steel shaft of the cross section
radius r2. Knowing that a torque T is shown rotates at 120 rpm, a stroboscopic
applied to end A of shaft AB and that measurement indicates that the angle of
end D of tube CD is fixed. twist is 2° in a 4-m length. Using G = 77
GPa, determine the power being
transmitted. 25.6kW

Figure P82

83. A steel pipe of 60-mm outer diameter is

Figure P80 to be used to transmit torque of 350 N.m
without exceeding an allowable shearing

19
 stress of 12MPa. A series of 60-mm- 85. The diameter of each shaft is as follows:
outer-diameter pipes is available for use. dAB = 16 mm, dCD = 20 mm, dEF = 28
Knowing that the wall thickness of the mm. Knowing that the frequency 0: the
available pipes varies from 4 mm to 10 motor is 24 Hz and that the allowable
mm in 2-mm increments, choose the shearing stress for each shaft is 75MPa,
lightest pipe that can be used. 8mm determine the maximum power that can
be transmitted. 7.11kW

Figure P83
Figure P85
84. Three shafts and four gears are used to
form a gear train that will transmit 7.5 86. A 1.6-m-long tubular shaft of 42-mm
kW from the motor at A to a machine outer diameter do is to be made of a steel
tool at F. (Bearings for the shafts are for which Tall = 75 MPa and G = 77
omitted in the sketch.) The frequency of GPa. Assume that the angle of twist
the motor is 30 Hz and that the allowable must not exceed 4° when the shaft is
stress for each shaft is 60 MPa. subjected to a torque of 900 N.m,
determine the largest inner diameter di
which can be specified in the design.
24.9mm

87. A 1.6-m-Iong tubular steel shaft (G = 77

GPa) of 42-mm outer diameter and 30-
mm inner diameter is to transmit 120
kW between a turbine a generator.
Knowing that the allowable shearing
stress is 65 MPa and that the angle of
twist must not exceed 3o, determine the
minimum frequency at which the shaft
may rotate. 33.54Hz or 2012rpm
Figure P84
88. The stepped shaft shown rotates at
450 rpm Assume an allowable
a. Determine the required diameter of
shearing stress of 45 MPa.
shaft CD. 20.4mm
b. Find the diameter of shaft AB.
15mm
c. Compute for the required diameter of
EF 27.6mm
Figure P88

20
 a. Knowing that r = 10mm, determine a. Determine the torque T when the
the maximum power that can be angle of twist at A is 25°. 283N.m
transmitted313kW b. Find the corresponding diameter of
b. Knowing that r = 4 mm, determine the elastic core of the shaft
the maximum power that can be 12.95mm
transmitted. 268kW
91. A hollow steel shaft is 0.9 m long and
89. A torque of magnitude T = 25 N.m is has the cross section shown. The steel is
applied to the stepped shaft shown, assumed to be elastoplastic with Ty =
which has a full quarter-circular fillet. 180 MPa and G = 77 GPa. Use Figure
Assume that D = 24 mm. P188 to answer questions 184 to 193.

Figure P91

a. Determine the applied torque at the

onset of yield. 11.714kN.m
b. Find the corresponding angle of twist
Figure P89
at the onset of yield. 3.44o
c. Compute for the applied torque when
a. Determine the maximum shearing
the plastic zone is 10 mm deep.
stress in the shaft when d = 20 mm.
14.12kN.m
21.6MPa
d. Evaluate the angle of twist when the
b. Find the maximum shearing stress in
plastic zone is 10 mm deep. 12.82o
the shaft when d = 21.6 mm.
e. Determine the angle of twist at
17.9MPa
which the section first becomes fully
plastic 14.89kN.m
90. A torque T is applied to the 20-mm-
f. Compute the corresponding
diameter steel rod AB. Assuming the
magnitude of the applied torque.
steel to be elastoplastic with G = 77 GPa
8.04o
and y = 145 MPa.
92. A 50-mm-diameter cylinder is made of a
brass for which the stress-strain diagram
is as shown. Knowing that the angle of
twist is 5o in 725-mm length, determine
by approximate means the magnitude T
of the torque applied to the shaft.
2.32kN.m

Figure P90

21
 b. Find the permanent angle of twist of
the shaft. 2.09o

Figure P94
Figure P92
95. The solid shaft shown is made of a steel
93. The solid circular drill rod AB is made that is assumed to be elastoplastic with
of a steel that is assumed to be Ty = 145 MPa and G = 77 GPa. The
elastoplastic with Ty = 160 MPa and G torque T is increased in magnitude until
= 77 GPa. Knowing that a torque T = 5 the shaft has been twisted through 6°,
kN.m is applied to the rod and then and the torque is then removed.
removed, determine the maximum
residual shearing stress in the rod.
44.92MPa

Figure P95

a. Determine the magnitude and

location of the maximum residual
shearing stress. 33.5MPa;
24.6MPa
Figure P93 b. Find the permanent angle of twist of
the shaft. 1.019o
94. The hollow shaft AB is made of a steel
that is assumed to be elastoplastic with 96. Knowing that T = 800 N.m,
Ty = 145 MPa and G = 77 GPa. The determine for each of the cold-rolled
magnitude T of the torque is slowly yellow brass bars shown the
increased until the plastic zone first maximum shearing stress and the
reaches the inner surface, the torque is angle of twist at end B. Use G =
then removed. 39GPa.30.8MPa 0.535o 37.9MPa
a. Determine the maximum residual 0.684o
shearing, stress. 29.1MPa;
40.5MPa

22
 99. The torque T causes a rotation of 2°
at end B of the stainless steel bar
shown. Knowing that G = 77 GPa,
determine the maximum shearing
stress in the bar. 60.8MPa

Figure P96

97. Using 'Tall = 50 MPa and G = 39GPa for

each of the cold-rolled yellow brass bars Figure P99
shown in Fig P96.
a. Determine the largest torque T that 100. The composite shaft shown is
may be applied. 1.3kN.m twisted by applying a torque T at end
1.055kN.m A. Knowing that the maximum
b. Find the corresponding angle of shearing stress in the steel is 150
twist. 0.869o 0.902o MPa, determine the corresponding
maximum shearing stress in the
98. A torque of magnitude T = 300 N m is aluminum core. Use G = 77 GPa for
applied to each of the aluminum bars steel and G = 27 GPa for aluminum.
shown and that Tall = 60 MPa. 39.4MPa
Determine the required dimension b for
each bar. 29.4mm 28.9mm
21.7mm

Figure P203 Figure P100

23
 Lecture 4: Bending of Beams

101. Assume that the couple shown acts couple Mz that can be applied to the bar.
in a vertical plane. 2.38kN.m

Figure P101
Figure P103
a. Determine the stress at point A.
116.4MPa 104. Two vertical forces are applied to a
b. Find the stress at point B. 87.3MPa beam of the cross section as shown.

102. The wide-flange beam shown is

made of a high-strength, low-alloy steel
for which σY = 345 MPa and σu = 450
MPa.

Figure P104

Figure P102 a. Determine the maximum tensile

stress in portion BC of the beam.
a. Determine the largest couple that can 81.8MPa
be applied to the beam when it is b. Determine the maximum
bent about the z axis. Neglect the compressive stress in portion BC of
effect of fillets. 243kN.m the beam 67.8MPa
b. Solve Prob. a, assuming that the
beam is bent about the y axis 105. Two equal and opposite couples of
56.3kN.m magnitude M = 15 kN.m are applied to
the channel-shaped beam AB. Observing
103. A nylon spacing bar has the cross that the couples cause the beam to bend
section shown. Knowing that the in a horizontal plane.
allowable stress for the grade of nylon
used is 24 MPa, determine the larges

24
 determine the total force: acting on the
shaded portion of the lower flange.
37.9kN

Use Figure P108 to answer questions 108

and 109.

Figure P105

a. Determine the stress at point C.

83.7MPa Figure P108
b. Find the stress at point D. -
146.4MPa 108. Knowing that for the extruded beam
c. Compute for the stress at point E. shown, the allowable stress is 120MPa
14.67MPa in tension 150MPa in compression;
determine the largest couple M that can
Use Figure P106 to answer questions 106 be applied. 7.67kN.m
and 107.
109. Knowing that for the extruded beam
shown, the allowable stress is 120MPa
in tension 150MPa in compression;
determine the largest couple M that can
be applied. 3.79kN.m

Use Figure P110 to answer questions 110

and 111.
Figure P106

106. A beam of the cross section shown is

bent about horizontal axis and that the
bending moment is 8 kN.m, determine
the total force acting on the top flange.
123.8kN

107. 14 A beam of the cross section

shown is bent about vertical axis and
that the bending moment is 4 kN.m,

25
 Figure P112

a. Determine the maximum stress.

6M
Figure P110  max  3
a
b. Find the curvature of the bar.
1 12M

 Ea 4

113. A couple of magnitude M is applied to a

square bar of side a as shown.

Figure P110 Figure P113

110. The beam shown is made of a nylon a. Determine the maximum stress.
for which the allowable stress is 24 MPa
6 2M
in tension and 30 MPa in compression.  max 
Determine the largest couple M that can a3
be applied to the beam. 849N.m b. Find the curvature of the bar.
1 12M

111. Solve Prob. 110 if d = 80mm.  Ea 4
1.501kN
Use Figure P114 to answer questions 114
112. A couple of magnitude M is applied and 115.
to a square bar of side a as shown.

26
 below, determine the largest permissible
bending moment when the composite
bar is bent about a horizontal axis
1.240kN

117. For the composite bar indicated,

determine the permissible bending
moment when the bar is bent about a
vertical axis. 720N.m

118. A copper strip (Ec = 105 GPa) and an

Figure P114 aluminum strip Ea = 75 GPa) are bonded
together to form the composite bar
114. 40 Two metal strips are securely shown. Assume that the bar is bent about
bonded to a metal bar of 30 X 30-mm a horizontal axis by a couple of moment
square cross section. Using the data 35 N.m.
given below, determine the largest
permissible bending moment when the
composite bar is bent about a horizontal
axis. 1.043kN.m

115. For the composite bar indicated, Figure P118

determine the permissible bending
moment when the bar is bent about a a. Determine the maximum stress in the
vertical axis. 855N.m aluminum strip. . -56MPa
b. Find the maximum stress in the
Use Figure P116 to answer questions 116 copper strip. 66.4MPa
and 117.
119. The prismatic rod shown is made of
a steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic
with E = 200 GPa and σY = 280 MPa.
I. The couples M and M' of moment
525 N.m are applied and maintained
about axes parallel to the x axis.

Figure P117

116. Two metal strips are securely bonded

to a metal bar of 30 X 30-mm square
cross section. Using the data given Figure P119

27
 a. Determine the thickness of the
elastic core. 21.9mm
b. Find the radius of curvature of the
bar. 7.81m

II. Assuming that the couples M and M' are

applied and maintained about axes
parallel to the y axis.
a. Determine the thickness of the
elastic core. 5.87mm Figure P121
b. Find the radius of curvature of the
bar. 2.09m 122. Determine the plastic moment Mp of
a steel beam of the cross-section shown,
120. A bar of the cross section shown is assuming the steel to be elastoplastic
made of a steel that is assumed to be with a yield strength of 240MPa
elastoplastic with E = 200 GPa and τy = 2.03kN.m
240 MPa. The bending is about the z
axis.

Figure P122

Use Figure P123 to answer questions 123

to 127.
Figure P120

a. Determine the bending moment at

which yield first occurs. 5.65kN.m
b. Find the bending moment at which
the plastic zones at the top and
bottom of the bar are 20 mm thick. '
8.0kN.m

121. Determine the plastic moment Mp of

a steel beam of the cross-section shown,
assuming the steel to be elastoplastic
with a yield strength of 240MPa
19.01kN.m
Figure P123

28
123. Determine the stress at point A for
the loading shown. -8.33MPa

124. Find the stress at point B if the 60-

kN loads are applied at points 1 and 2
only. -15.97MPa

125. Compute for the stress at point A if

the 60-kN loads are applied at points 1
and 2 only. 4.86MPa
Figure P129
126. Determine the stress at points A if
the 60-kN loads applied at points 2 and 3
a. Determine the stress at point A, for
are removed. -13.19MPa the loading shown. -37.5MPa
b. Find the stress at point A, if loads are
127. Compute for the stress at point B if applied at points 1 and 2 only. -
the 60-kN loads are applied at points 2
38.4MPa
and 3 only. 7.64MPa c. Compute for the stress at point A, if
loads are applied at points 2 and 3
128. Assume that the magnitude of the only. -11.62MPa
horizontal force P is 8 kN.
130. The two forces shown are applied to
a rigid plate supported by a steel pipe of
140-mm outer diameter and 120-mm
inner diameter. Knowing that the
allowable compressive stress is 100
MPa, determine the range of allowable
values of P. 94.8kN < P < 177.3kN

Figure P128

a. Determine the stress at point A. -

102.8MPa
Figure P130
b. Find the stress at point B. 80.6MPa
131. Assume that the allowable stress
129. As many as three axial loads, each of
is 150 MPa in section a-a of the
magnitude P = 50 kN, can be applied to
hanger shown.
the end of a W200 X 311 rolled-steel
shape.

29
 Figure P132
Figure P131
133. An eccentric axial force P is applied
a. Determine the largest vertical force P as shown to a steel bar of 25 X 90-mm
that can be applied at point A. cross section. The strains at A and B
40.3kN have been measured and found to be are
b. Find the corresponding location of  A  600 and  B  420 . Assume
the neutral axis of section a-a. that E = 2000Pa.
6.30mm

132. The C-shaped steel bar is used as a

dynamometer to determine the
magnitude P of the forces shown.
Knowing that the cross section of the bar
is a square of side 40 mm and that strain
on the inner edge was measured and
found to be 450μ, determine the
magnitude P of the forces. Use E = 200
GPa 9.0kN
Figure P133

a. Determine the distance d. 30-mm

b. Find the magnitude of the force P.
94.5kN.m

Use the diagrams below to answer the

following questions:
a. Determine the equations of
the shear and bending
moment curves for the beam
and loading for each diagram.

30
 b. Draw the shear and bending-moment 137.
diagrams for the beam and loading
and determine the maximum
absolute value of the shear and
bending moment for each diagram
c. Compute the bending stresses for
each diagram
d. Determine the equations of the slope 138. V  wL  x  M  
w
L  x 2
2
and deflection of the beam for each
wL2
diagram V  wL M 
134. 2

139.

Pb Pb
Ans. V  M  x 140.
L L Ans. V  w L2  x 
Pb Pab
V  M 
M  x L  x  V 
w wL
L L
2 2
135. 2 2
wL
M 
8

141.

V  w L2  x  M  x L  x 
w
2
wL wL2
V  M 
2 8

136.

142.

w0 x 2 w
Ans. V   M   0 x3
2L 6L
2
wL wL
V 0 M  0
2 6

31
143. 148.

149.
144.

150.
145. 21

151.
146. 23

152.
147.

32
153. 158.

154. 40
159.

155.
160.

156.

161.

157.

162.

33
163. 58 168.

164.
169.

165.
170.

171.
166.

172.
167.

34
173.

179.

174. 95

180.

175.

181.

176.

177.

178.

35
 Lecture 5: State of Stress and Strain

Use Figure P182 to answer questions 182 Use Figure P186 to answer questions 186
and 183. and 187.

Figure P184 Figure P186

182. Determine the normal stress exerted 186. Determine the principal planes. -
on the oblique face of the shaded 37.03o
triangular element. -0.521MPa
187. Compute for the maximum principal
183. Find the shearing stress exerted on stress. -13.6MPa
the oblique face of the shaded triangular
element. 56.4MPa Use Figure P188 to answer questions 188
and 189.
Use Figure P184 to answer questions 184
and 185.

Figure P188

188. Determine the principal planes.

Figure P184 -30.96o

184. Determine the normal stress exerted 189. Compute for the maximum principal
on the oblique face of the shaded stress. -84MPa
triangular element. 32.9MPa
Use Figure P190 to answer questions 190
185. Find the shearing stress exerted on to 192.
the oblique face of the shaded triangular
element. 71.0MPa

36
 Figure P190 Figure P196

190. Determine the orientation of the 196. Determine the normal and shearing
planes of maximum in-plane shearing stress σx’ after the element shown has
stress. 7.97o been rotated through 25° clockwise. -
37.5MPa
191. Find the maximum in-plane shearing
stress. 36.4MPa 197. Find the shearing stress after the
element shown has been rotated through
192. Compute for the corresponding 10° counterclockwise. 50.1MPa
normal stress. -50MPa
198. The grain of a wooden member
Use Figure P193 to answer questions 193 forms an angle of 15° with the vertical.
to 195 Use Figure P17 to answer questions 17
and 18.

Figure P193

193. Determine the orientation of the

planes of maximum in-plane shearing
stress. 14.04o Figure P198

194. Find the maximum in-plane shearing a. Determine the in-plane shearing
stress. 68MPa stress parallel to the grain. -0.30MPa
b. Find the normal stress perpendicular
195. Compute for the corresponding to the grain. -2.92MPa
normal stress. -16MPa
199. Two members of uniform cross
section 50mmX50mm are glued together
Use Figure P196 to answer questions 196
along the plane a-a, that forms an angle
and 197.
of 25o with the horizontal. Knowing that
the allowable stresses for the glued joint
are   800kPa and   600kPa ,

37
 determine the largest axial load P that
can be applied. 3.9kN

Figure P199

200. Two steel plates of uniform cross Figure P201

section 10 X 80 mm are welded together
as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN a. Determine the maximum principal
forces are applied to the welded plates stress and the maximum shearing
and that f3 = 25°. Use Figure P20 to stress at point H. 24.37MPa
answer questions 20 and 21. 11.02MPa 0 0 0 35.39MPa
35.39MPa -35.9MPa 35.9MPa
b. Determine the principal stresses and
the maximum shearing stress at point
K. 24.37MPa 0 36.56MPa 0 -
36.56MPa 24.37MPa 12.18MPa -
48.74MPa 30.46MPa

202. Determine the range of values of σx

for which the maximum in-plane
shearing stress is equal to or less than 50
Figure P200
MPa. 15MPa   x  135MPa
a. Determine the in-plane shearing
stress parallel to the weld.
47.9MPa
b. Find the normal stress perpendicular
to the weld. 102.7MPa

201. The steel pipe AB has a 102-mm

outer diameter and a 6-mm wall
thickness. Knowing that arm CD is
rigidly attached to the pipe. Figure P202

Use Figure P203 to answer questions 203

and 204.

38
 Figure P203

203. Determine the value of τxy for which Figure P207

the in-plane shearing stress parallel to
the weld is zero. -2.89MPa 207. Determine the maximum shearing
stress when σz = 0. 85MPa
204. Find the corresponding maximum
principal stresses. 12.77MPa 1.226MPa 208. Find the maximum shearing stress
when σz = +45 MPa. 85MPa
Use Figure P205 to answer questions 205
and 206. 209. Compute for the maximum shearing
stress when σz = -45 MPa. 95MPa

Use Figure P210 to answer questions 210

to 212.

Figure P205

205. Determine the maximum shearing

stress when σy = 40 MPa. (Hint:
Consider both in-plane and out-of-plane Figure P210
shearing stresses.) 94.34MPa
210. Determine the maximum shearing
206. Find the maximum shearing stress stress when σz = 0. 97.5MPa
when σy = 120 MPa. (Hint: Consider
both in-plane and out-of-plane shearing 211. Find the maximum shearing stress
stresses.) 105.31MPa when σz = +45 MPa. 85MPa

Use Figure P207 to answer questions 207 212. Compute for the maximum shearing
to 209. stress when σz = -45 MPa 120MPa

39
213. For the state of stress shown, 216. For the state of stress shown,
determine two values of σy for which determine the range of values of  xy
the maximum shearing stress is 75 for which the maximum shearing
MPa. 56.88MPa -130MPa stress is equal to or less than 60
MPa.  40MPa   xy  40MPa

Figure P213 Figure P216

214. For the state of stress shown, Use Figure P217 to answer questions 217
determine the value of '  xy for and 218.
which the maximum shearing stress
is 80 MPa. 60MPa

Figure P217
Figure P214
217. Determine the value of σy for which
215. For the state of stress shown, the maximum shearing stress is as small
determine two values of σy for which as possible. 45.7MPa
the maximum shearing stress is 80
MPa. -40MPa 130MPa 218. Find the corresponding value of the
shearing stress. 92.9MPa

219. The cylindrical portion of the

compressed air tank shown is fabricated
of 6-mm-thick plate welded along a
helix forming an angle β = 30° with the
horizontal. Knowing that the allowable
stress normal to the weld is 75 MPa,
Figure P215

40
 determine the largest gage pressure that
can be used in the tank. 2.95MPa

Figure P221

222. A pressure vessel of 250-mm

inner diameter and 6-mm wall
Figure P219 thickness is fabricated from a 1.2-m
section of spirally welded pipe AB
220. The pipe shown was fabricated by and is equipped with two rigid end
welding strips of plate along a helix plates. The gage pressure inside the
forming an angle β with a transverse vessel is 2 MPa and 45-kN centric
plane. Determine the largest value of β axial forces P and P' are applied to
that can be used if the normal stress the end plates.
perpendicular to the weld is not to be
larger than 85 percent of the maximum
stress in the pipe. 56.8o

Figure P222

a. Determine the normal stress

Figure P220
perpendicular to the weld.
21.4MPa
221. A torque of magnitude T = 12 kN.m
b. Find the shearing stress parallel to
is applied to the end of a tank containing
the rod. 14.17MPa
compressed air under a pressure of 8
MPa. Knowing that the tank has a 180-
223. A brass ring of l60-mm outer
mm inner diameter and a l2-mm wall
diameter fits exactly inside a steel ring
thickness, determine the maximum
of l60-mm inner diameter when the
normal stress and the maximum shearing
temperature of both rings is 5oC.
stress in the tank. 18.277Mpa
Assume that the temperature of the rings
60MPa 30MPa 68.64MPa 0
is then raised to 55°C.
34.32MPa

41
 Figure P225

226. The rosette shown has been used to

determine the following strains at a point
Figure P223 on the surface of a crane hook:
a. Determine the tensile stress in the  1  420 ,  2  450 and
steel ring. 28MPa
b. Calculate the corresponding pressure  4  165 . Use Figure P51 to answer
exerted by the brass ring on the steel questions 51 and 52.
ring. 1.4MPa

224. The strains determined by use of the

rosette shown during the test of a rocker
arm are:  1  600 ;  2  450 and
 3  75 . Figure P226

a. What should be the reading of gage

3? -300μ
b. Determine the principal strains and
the maximum in-plane shearing
strain. 435μ -315μ 750μ

227. Determine the largest in-plane

Figure P224 normal strain, knowing that the
following strains have been obtained by
a. Determine (a) the in-plane principal use of the rosette shown: ε1 = -50 X 10-6
strains. 734μ -84.3μ mm/mm, ε2 = +360 X 10-6 mm/mm and
b. Calculate the in-plane maximum ε3 =+315 X 10-6 mm/mm. 315 -5 -
shearing strain. 819μ 410 415 260 -26 o

225. Determine the strain  x , knowing

that the following strains have been
determined by use of the rosette shown:
ε1 = +720 X 10-6 mm/mm, ε2 = -180 X
10-6 mm/mm and ε3 = + 120 X 10-6
mm/mm.. 380X10-6 mm/mm Figure P227
460X10 mm/mm -1339X10-6
-6

mm/mm 228. Find the sum of the three strain

measurements made with a 60° rosette is
independent of the orientation of the

42
 rosette.  1   2   3  3 ave , where
εave is the abscissa of the center of the
corresponding Mohr's circle for
strain.

Figure P230

231. A single strain gage is cemented to a

solid 96-mm-diameter aluminum shaft at
Figure P228 an angle β = 20° with a line parallel to
the axis of the shaft. Knowing that G =
27 GPa, determine the torque T
229. Using a 45° rosette, the strains ε1 ε2 corresponding to a gage reading of 400μ.
and ε3 have been determined at a given
point. Using Mohr's circle, derive the
equation for the principal strains.

 max,min  12  1   3   1
2
 1   2    2   3 
2 2

1
2

Figure P231

232. The strains determine by the use of

Figure P229 rosette attached as shown to the surface
of a structural member are ε1 = 200 X
230. The given state of plane stress is 10-6 mm/mm, ε2 = +425 X 10-6 mm/mm
known to exist on the surface of a and ε3 =+480 X 10-6 mm/mm. Determine
machine component. Knowing that E = (a) the orientation and magnitude of the
200 GPa and G = 77 GPa, determine the principal strains in the plane of the
direction and magnitude of the three rosette, (b) the maximum in-plane
principal strains (a) by determining the shearing strain.
corresponding state of strain and then
using Mohr's circle for strain, (b) by
using Mohr's circle for stress to
determine the principal planes and
principal stresses and then determining
the corresponding strains. -28.15o 820

Figure P232

43
 Lecture 6: Failure Criteria

233. The state of plane stress shown determine the magnitude of the torque T
occurs in a machine component made of for which yield occurs when P = 240kN.
a steel with σY = 325 MPa. Use the 717N.m
maximum-shearing-stress criterion to
answer these questions.

Figure P234

Figure P233 235. The state of plane stress shown will

occur at a critical point in a cast pipe
a. Determine whether yield occurs when σo made of an aluminum alloy for which
= 200 MPa. If yield does not occur, σUT = 75 MPa and σUC = 150 MPa.
determine the corresponding factor of Using Mohr's criterion, determine the
safety. 1.083 shearing stress  o for which failure
b. Determine whether yield occurs when σo
should be expected.  49.1MPa
= 240 MPa. If yield does not occur,
determine the corresponding factor of
safety. yielding occurs
c. Determine whether yield occurs when σo
= 200 σo = 280 MPa. If yield does not
occur, determine the corresponding
factor of safety. yielding occurs
Figure P235
234. The 38-mm-diameter shaft AB is
made of a grade of steel for which the
yield strength is σY = 250 MPa. Using
the maximum-shearing-stress criterion,

44