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8 - Fluids

The document covers the topic of fluids in physics, focusing on fluid statics, properties of fluids such as density, specific gravity, and specific weight, as well as the concept of buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle. It includes practice exercises related to these concepts, such as calculating density, specific weight, and buoyant forces. Additionally, references for further reading are provided.

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Precious Pearl Petros
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5 views2 pages

8 - Fluids

The document covers the topic of fluids in physics, focusing on fluid statics, properties of fluids such as density, specific gravity, and specific weight, as well as the concept of buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle. It includes practice exercises related to these concepts, such as calculating density, specific weight, and buoyant forces. Additionally, references for further reading are provided.

Uploaded by

Precious Pearl Petros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PANGASINAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

8. FLUIDS
Fluid Statics – the study of fluids at rest in equilibrium situations. Like other equilibrium situations, it is based
on Newton’s first and third laws.
8.1 Properties of Fluid
A. Density (ρ) - defined as its mass per unit volume. A homogeneous material such as ice or iron has the same
density throughout.
We use ρ (the Greek letter rho) for density. If a mass m of homogeneous material has volume V, the
density is:
𝑚
𝜌=
𝑉

B. Specific Gravity (SG) - is the ratio of its density to the density of water at it is a pure number without units. It
is also called the “relative density” of a material.
𝜌𝐿
𝑆𝐺𝐿 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂
where: SGL and ρL are the specific gravity and density of the fluid respectively and ρH2O = 1000 kg/m3

Engr.LGS – Faculty of College of Engineering Page 1 of 2


8. FLUIDS
C. Specific Weight (ẟ) - is defined as its weight (W) per unit volume.
𝑊 𝑚𝑔
ẟ= = = 𝜌𝑔
𝑉 𝑉
8.2 Buoyancy
Buoyancy is a familiar phenomenon: A body immersed in water seems to weigh less than when it is in
air. When the body is less dense than the fluid, it floats. The human body usually floats in water, and a helium-
filled balloon floats in air.
Archimedes Principle: When a body is completely or partially immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward
force on the body equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

Practice Exercises on Average and Instantaneous Velocity and Acceleration


1. A spherical tank 2 m in diameter contains steam. If the mass of steam is 0.8 kg: a. Determine the density
of steam. b. What is its specific weight if g = 9.81 m/s2.
2. Saponification is a process wherein soap is added to a certain type of oil to produce grease. One such
grease is said to have 85.7 % by volume oil and 34.3% by volume soap, wherein the oil and soap have
densities 760 kg/m3 and 6,250 kg/m3, respectively. This kind of grease is sold by packs shaped like a box
with dimensions 20 cm x 40 cm x 10 cm. Calculate: a) the mass of oil per pack (kg), b) the mass of soap
per pack (kg), c) the weight of each pack (N), d) the specific weight of grease (N/m 3), e) the specific
gravity of grease.
3. A 20.0-kg solid gold statue is raised from the sea bottom. What is the tension in the hoisting cable
(assumed massless) when the statue is (a) at rest and completely underwater and (b) at rest and
completely out of the water?
4. An 11-m3 rigid tank of air is separated by a thin membrane into side A with a volume of 6 m 3 and side B
with an initial 2.4 kg/m3. The membrane is broken and the resulting density of the mixture is 1.82 kg/m3.
Find the initial density of air inside A in kg/m3.
5. On a part-time job, you are asked to bring a cylindrical iron rod of length 85.8 cm and diameter 2.85 cm
from a storage room to a machinist. Calculate the weight of the rod.
6. A 950-kg cylindrical can buoy floats vertically in salt water. The diameter of the buoy is 0.900 m. Calculate
the additional distance the buoy will sink when a 70.0-kg man stands on top of it.
7. An ore sample weighs 17.50 N in air. When the sample is suspended by a light cord and totally immersed
in water, the tension in the cord is 11.20 N. Find the total volume and the density of the sample.
8. A hollow plastic sphere is held below the surface of a freshwater lake by a cord anchored to the bottom
of the lake. The sphere has a volume of 0.65 m3 and the tension in the cord is 900 N. (a) Calculate the
buoyant force exerted by the water on the sphere. (b) What is the mass of the sphere? (c) The cord
breaks and the sphere rise to the surface. When the sphere comes to rest, what fraction of its volume
will be submerged?

References
o Young, H. et. Al (2012) Sears and Zemanky’s University Physics with Modern Physics 13th Edition,
Pearson Education Inc.
o Singer, F. (1975) Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics, Third Edition, Harper & Row Publishers,
Inc.

Engr.LGS – Faculty of College of Engineering Page 2 of 2

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