Design Proposal for Golf Simulator Installation

Prepared for:
Mr. Jackson Longwall, CEO
Engineering Innovations
4341 South Broadway Street
Denver, Colorado 89754

Prepared by:
Blair Fairbanks
Riley Hutchings
Tyler Pulsipher
Dillon Slack
Karter White

Utah State University

April 15, 2023

The Utah State University (USU) campus and its students lack close access to many golfing
amenities. The courses that are available are not accessible year-round and cost more than many
college students can afford. This proposal aims to install a realistic golfing simulator within the
Aggie Recreation Center (ARC). The proposal includes background research on different
methods of motion capture, as well as the necessary components to create a golf simulator. The
proposal also includes the method of construction, the qualifications of the team members, and
the estimated timeline and cost of the project
 Executive Summary
Utah State University lacks an on-campus golf facility for students, alumni, and local residents to
enjoy. Given the minimal options for golf on the university campus, standard local golf prices,
and the unpredictable weather of Cache Valley, many golf enthusiasts are left with no easy
alternative. These concerns are resolved with the installation of a golf simulator in the ARC,
which will bring many other benefits to the campus.

Golf simulator technology is effective but expensive. The team determined a method of
construction and installation that reduces overall costs at no reduction of quality. With reduced
costs comes reduced prices for students and families to use the simulator. Increased access to
such facilities will give students more opportunities to participate in golf activities, increase
student morale, and expose students to the university’s wellness program.

A planar sensor system is used to track the shadow of the ball and club. This allows the simulator
to calculate movement and trajectory of the ball. This inexpensive system is at no cost to the
quality of the simulator. A collection of motion capture technology in tandem with the golf
simulator software will produce accurate and quality output on the user interface. Construction
and implementation of the simulator will span across four phases. The total time of construction
will be one week.

The requested funding for the proposal is $6,100. The team has the combined experience and
qualifications required to ensure the proposal is executed effectively. The team has extensive
experience in various computer languages, system implementation, and construction. The team’s
expertise will deliver a profitable, quality product that will benefit Engineering Innovations’
reputation.

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 Table of Contents
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................................................
List of Figures and Tables........................................................................................................................................................
Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................................
Background................................................................................................................................................................................
Problem................................................................................................................................................................................
History.................................................................................................................................................................
Method of Work........................................................................................................................................................................
Technology...........................................................................................................................................................................
User Interface.......................................................................................................................................................................
Management Plan......................................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................................................
References..................................................................................................................................................................................

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 List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1. Planar sensor with sensing lines and display of raw sensor data………………………..3

Figure 2. Ball flight types and types of club trajectory…………………………………………...4

Figure 3. Raw data for different ball flights………………………………………………………5

Figure 4. Mevo+ recommended setup……………………………………………………………..6

Figure 5. Proposed dimensions and placement…………………………………………………...8

Figure 6. Project Schedule……………………………………………………………………….10

Table 1. Budget
Plan……………………………………………………………………………..12

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 Introduction
This proposal is in response to the Great Ideas in Engineering RFP sponsored by Engineering
Innovations. The purpose of this proposal is to recommend to the Utah State University (USU)
administration the installation of a golf simulator in the Aggie Recreation Center (ARC). The
proposal discusses the benefits of golf simulators as a form of recreation for USU and the city of
Logan. This proposal explains the design of the golf simulator, presents the required resources,
and the installation schedule.

Neither the ARC nor the university have any golf facilities. Both would benefit from the
installation of a golf simulator. This presents a problem with golf enthusiasts of both the
university and local population. Additionally, the price per player for a golf simulator would be
less expensive than at local golf courses. Research suggests that cost-effective methods of
installing the simulator do not hinder the immersive experience for the player [2]. Research also
suggests that a golf simulator brings with it significant social benefit [11].

The golf simulator includes both a technological aspect and a user interface aspect. Technology
required for the simulator includes: a motion capture system, golf simulator software, a
computer, and a projector/sound system. The user interface aspect of the interface refers to the
turf, impact screen, nets, and golf clubs. The proposed method of work for the golf simulator is
selected based upon its functionality, ease of access, and overall cost.

The project proposal also contains a budget and management plan. The estimated total cost of
constructing and installing the golf simulator is $6,100. This is more efficient and costs less than
the minimum cost of $17,500 to install a pre-built golf simulator [15]. The installation schedule
of the simulator will consist of four phases. These four phases discussed include ARC
preparation, electronic installation, safety installation, and faculty training. Combined, these
phases will take a week to complete.

The proposal ensures a timely and effective method of construction, installation, and
implementation of a golf simulator in the ARC. A golf simulator on campus will cater to the
needs of both university students and residents of the city of Logan. The team’s relevant
experience and qualifications on the topic will guarantee the desired outcome.

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 Background

USU’s ARC has many amenities for activities like basketball, volleyball, badminton, and other
sports. However, the ARC does not have any golf facilities despite golf being one of the most
popular sports. This section discusses the problems the golf simulator would solve in the Logan
community. This section also discusses the history of how golf simulators have been built in the
past and how their construction influenced the design outlined in this proposal.

Problem

There are many golf options in Logan, including Logan River Golf Course and the Logan
Country Club. Both courses have stringent rules and dress codes. In addition, the Logan Country
Club’s most inexpensive membership costs $380 monthly, with a $2500 initiation fee. It would
be convenient to have a golf option that is economical, relaxing, and lacks dress codes or
stringent time limits. The golfing experience could be simulated at the ARC using a virtual
golfing simulator. A golf simulator would allow players to play at their own pace and for less
cost.

Golf’s exclusivity. Golf is played by all kinds of people, but is very popular among wealthy
people. Because of this influx of wealthy patrons, country clubs and golf courses have found that
catering to wealthy golfers earns them more money than catering to average, middle-class
golfers. Due to high demand, many golfers must reserve their spot on the course months in
advance. Militant caddies often enforced a strict time limit per hole. These restrictions may be
acceptable to highbrow business types but hardly makes for a relaxing or fun experience.

Providing golf to the public. The ARC provides several activities to USU students and the
Logan public. The ARC should include golf as one of its activities. A study participant in South
Korea said, “You can play [golf simulators] with money as large as the price of a meal.” [91:5].
Another participant said they are more likely to play on a golf simulator because of its close
proximity and convenience [91:4]. Local golf prices in Logan are $36 for 18 holes. This falls
below the national average price of a public golf course which is $49 for 18 holes [92].
The price to run a session in a golf simulator will be more inexpensive, and university funding
and regulation has the potential to drop the price even further. Due to their lower cost and higher
convenience, golf simulators are more affordable and enjoyable for casual golfers. Providing
accessible golf simulators to USU will allow more people to enjoy golf in a more casual setting.

Consequences. The possible positive or negative consequences of adding a golf simulator to the
ARC are Logan residents, and USU students would have an inexpensive golf option near
campus. USU would also have another source of revenue from the golf simulators. Also, there
could potentially be more student involvement in activities at the ARC. If students feel
comfortable participating in an on-campus amenity, they will likely feel more comfortable trying
other on-campus resources/events. More student involvement in activities also means there are
more students exercising. However, the golf simulators would have an ongoing maintenance
cost, which may include non-recyclable materials and possible waste. There are also some safety
concerns related to indoor golfing, but with sufficient design and rules, safety hazards could be
minimized.

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History

Golf simulators started gaining popularity in the 1970s in the United States. Over the years, golf
simulators have migrated to other countries in Europe and Asia. Golf simulators have become
very widespread in the densely populated countries of Japan and South Korea because of their
convenience and ease of use. Japan, in particular, has a very exclusive culture around golfing,
and most courses are prohibitively expensive and stressful [93].

Golf simulator designs. Since the 1970s, there has been a large market for golf simulators. Each
golf simulator is different and has its unique design. All golf simulators have a screen to display
the golfer’s position on the course and a ball tracking system that measures the speed and angle
of the golf ball after a stroke.

The design outlined in this proposal will keep these fundamental design elements. Some golf
simulators are high-end, with caged environments, voice commands, and dynamic lighting and
sound systems. These peripherals drive up the price of the golf simulator and are not necessary
for the average player’s enjoyment. The design outlined in this proposal focuses on being cost-
effective and low-maintenance without sacrificing immersion.

Ball-tracking systems. Ball-tracking systems used in a golf simulator designed by a South

Korean firm tracks the movements of the ball and club before, during, and after impact. Some
ball-tracking designs feature intricate, real-time motion capture using cameras, whereas others
use simple photogate sensors.

Designing a ball-tracking system that is both effective and cost-efficient is difficult. A study
from the South Korea firm highlights a proposed ball-tracking system that promises high
efficiency and low cost [94].

The proposed method has 48 optical sensing elements that detect infrared rays to observe the
shadow changes of the ball and club. Two rows of these sensors (A1 and A2) are used to track the
horizontal angle of the ball and club during and after impact. The sensors store raw data using a
binary storage system, as shown below in Figure 1 [94].

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 Figure 1. (a) Planar sensor with two sensing lines and (b) display of raw sensor data [94].

Times T0 and Ti are the starting times for A1 and A2, respectively. If the ball’s shadow passes the
14th sensing element of T0, the timer is given to Ti and the 14th element is set to 1 in the raw data.
Each subsequent sensor acquires one more non-zero bit and records the flight of the ball and the
position club.

The trajectory of the ball depends on the face angle of the club at impact and the direction of the
ball’s spin. Three types of club trajectory and ball spin are combined to get nine types of ball
trajectories, as shown in Figure 2 (note that these trajectories are the top-down view and for a
right-handed golfer) [94].

Figure 2. (a) Nine ball flight types and (b) three types of club trajectory [94]

The shadows of the ball and club are converted from raw data and are stored as “shadow blobs.”
These “shadow blobs” are a map that the computer can use to tell where the ball and club are.
Blobs are evaluated to calculate the horizontal angle of the ball and club during and after impact.

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The size, shape, and placement of the blobs determine what type of trajectory the ball will
follow, as shown below in Figure 3. [94].

Figure 3. Data for seven different ball flights. Results of sensors A1 (left) and A2 (right) [94].

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 Method of Work
The purpose of the proposed golf simulator is to make golf accessible to Logan residents year-
round. A golf simulator would provide a less expensive, indoor alternative to traditional outdoor
golf. The golf simulator proposed would be installed in the ARC, ensuring close proximity to
Logan residents, and providing potential revenue for USU. The proposed golf simulator will
include two main aspects: technology and user interface.
Technology
The technology required to operate a golf simulator consists of four parts:

● Motion-capture system
● Golf simulator software
● Computer
● Projector/sound system

Motion-capture system. The proposed motion-capture system for the golf simulator is the
FlightScope Mevo+ (2023 edition). With the Pro package, the Mevo+ captures 58 different data
parameters (28 full-swing, 27 chipping, and 3 putting), and includes over 30 data parameters
without the Pro package. The Mevo+ captures data about the club and ball. This data is
transferred to a computer for simulation.
The Indoor Golf Shop rates the Mevo+ as their best overall golf launch monitor, and the product
has high user ratings [12]. The Mevo+ is placed standing upright, using its built-in stand,
roughly 8 to 11 ft behind the tee. This setup is shown in Figure 4 below. The Mevo+ is
connected to a power source and outputs ball and club data to a computer, which runs a golf
simulation software.

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 Figure 4. Mevo+ recommended setup [13].
Golf simulation software. The proposed golf simulation software for the golf simulator is The
Golf Club 2019 (TGC). TGC features over 150,000 pre-built courses, a course creator engine,
simultaneous online/local multiplayer (up to four players), and up to 4k Ultra HD graphic
resolution. Simulation of the golf ball’s flight will begin where the ball strikes the impact
screen. TGC is compatible with several launch monitors, including the Mevo+. The computer
system requirements for TGC are not high, also making TGC appealing [system requirements
[14].
Computer. A computer can be sourced from Utah State University directly. Due to the easily
met system requirements of TGC, the selected computer does not need high processing
capabilities. The physical computer tower is housed in a cage (or equivalent unit) such that the
computer can only be accessed by employees. The cage also serves to protect the computer from
stray golf balls. The computer is connected to the Mevo+, a projector, and sound system.
Employees will operate the computer and golf software, though users can request courses,
themes, etc.
Projector/sound system. A projector for this project could be sourced from Utah State
University directly. Nearly every classroom on campus has a projector, so Utah State has the
resources to install them effectively. Removing third parties in projector acquisition and
installation reduces costs as much as possible. The projector displays the golf simulation
software as the users play. The projector is housed inside a cage, to avoid potential damage from
golf balls.
The proposed sound system for the golf simulator is the Klipsch [15] Theater Pack 5.1 Surround
Sound System, listed for $339.99 on Amazon [16]. This surround sound system has a wireless
subwoofer and five, mountable, stand-up speakers. The Klipsch surround sound system connects
easily to the computer and is placed outside the net-enclosed area (see Figure 5).
User Interface
The user interface for the golf simulator consists of four parts:

● Turf
● Impact screen
● Nets
● Clubs/balls

Turf. The proposed golf simulator setup has an 8 ft x 15 ft piece of lower quality turf and a 4 ft
x 2 ft, higher quality hitting mat (see Figure 5). The lower quality turf can be sourced from
Costco for $49.99 per 15 sq. ft of turf [17]. A 2 ft x 4 ft EZ-Tee Hybrid hitting mat from
SimTurf is $165. The cheaper turf is selected so that if the player misses the hitting mat, they do
not strike the ground. The EZ-Tee hitting mat is 1 1/8 in. thick and can hold a real tee.
Impact screen. The impact screen for the golf simulator is an 8 ft x 10.5 ft impact screen from
Rain or Shine Golf [18]. The impact screen will be hung at the end of the turf and net system
shown in Figure 5. The projector will display TGC software such that when a player hits the ball

7
into the impact screen, TGC will show the simulated ball at the point of impact. The proposed
impact screen can withstand ball speeds up to 250 mph; thus, it will function properly in the
proposed environment.

Figure 5. Proposed dimensions and placement for turf, nets, impact screen and projector.

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Nets. As shown in Figure 5, the nets for the proposed golf simulator are hung from the ceiling
on either side of the player. The room for the golf simulator will ideally have ceilings that range
from 10-15 ft tall, thus the net will need to be at least 10 ft tall. Two 15 ft x 10 ft nets can be
purchased from Amazon for $112.50 each. The nets have ¾ in. square mesh with a ¼ in
reinforce cord along the perimeter. Karabiners, or similar hooks, secure the net to a chord strung
from one wall of the room to the other. The nets will protect any people or equipment in the
room from stray golf balls.
Clubs/balls. The golf simulator will have a minimalistic set of right-handed clubs:

● Driver
● Three wood
● Five iron
● Seven iron
● Nine iron
● Pitching wedge
● Putter

Utah State offers golf classes; thus the clubs and range golf balls can be sourced through the
university. If Utah State is not able to supply the clubs, a used set can be purchased. A used set
would cost roughly $200-$300 [19]. Users are allowed to bring their own clubs/balls, if
desired.
Benefits of Proposed Method
The proposed method was selected with functionality, ease of access, and cost in mind.
Purchasing materials independently and installing them, rather than buying a pre-built package,
reduces overall costs. Total costs of the proposed golf simulator components are up to $6100,
while pre-built golf simulators range from $17,100 to $50,000 [20]. Both methods require
installation costs. This reduction in cost allows more funds to be put towards purchasing higher
quality products. The products described in this section integrate themselves together in a way
that is convenient for employees and users.
The proposed method also provides an inexpensive golf alternative for USU students. If more
USU students feel comfortable participating in on-campus activities, student involvement across
campus will likely increase. The golf simulator can also be a source of revenue for the
university, since non-students need to purchase a pass to use the ARC.
Challenges
A potential challenge with the proposed method is acquiring permission to use space within the
ARC for the golf simulator. Similar challenges arise for obtaining materials through USU (i.e.,
the projector, computer, etc.). Another challenge could be installation. The room acquired in the
ARC needs to match design specifications. The simulator is run through the ARC, so safety
policies need to be implemented for the proper use of the simulator.

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The materials used for the simulator are robust, but non-renewable. Non-renewable materials
used for the simulator could have mild negative environmental consequences. Another possible
challenge of the golf simulator is customer access. The ARC is funded primarily by student fees
and is considered a student facility. Non-students can purchase a monthly pass to the ARC, but
the facility is less accessible to the public.

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 Management Plan
Group: Blair Fairbanks, Riley Hutchings, Tyler Pulsipher, Dillon Slack, Karter White

The purpose of this management plan documents the technical resumes of all team members and
their qualifications. This plan also documents the budget and the schedule of the golf simulator
project.

Golf Simulator Project: Schedule

The project consists of four phases. Phase 1 is to start preparations in the ARC to create room for
the simulator equipment. Phase 2 is to install all the electronics needed for the golf simulator to
work. Phase 3 is to install all safety equipment and detailing. Phase 4 is to train ARC employees
on use of the golf simulator and installation of The Golf Club 2019 (TGC) onto the computer.
Figure 6 shows the Gantt chart representing the schedule for the golf simulator project in the
month of June.

Figure 6. Golf simulator project schedule

Phase 1. This section contains the duration of the preparation time to create room for the
simulator equipment. The golf simulator requires an area of 15 ft x 8 ft x 10.5 ft. The golf
simulator also requires room for employees of the ARC to run the golf simulator. Once an area
within the ARC is identified, it must then be cleared. Any construction needed to accommodate
the electronics and wiring must then be completed. Standard setup and installation for full golf
simulators take 3 days to complete.

Phase 2. This section contains the duration of the installation time for the electronics needed for
the golf simulator to work. Installation of the electronics include the projector, motion capture
system, computer, sound system, and impact screen. Any construction required for installation is

11
dependent on the allowed space for the simulator. The object with the longest installation time is
the impact screen, which has a 4-hr installation time. Installation of all of the electronics can be
completed within 48 hr with variation depending on installation crew.

Phase 3. This section contains the duration of the installation time of safety equipment and
detailings for the golf simulator. Installation of the safety equipment include the netting that
encompasses the golf simulator user interface and the cage around the projector. The detailing
consists of artificial turf and any other decorative elements decided for the simulator. The team
estimates installation of the netting and artificial turf to take under 24 hr.

Phase 4. This section contains the duration of the installation of the TGC and the training of
ARC employees. Installation of the TGC onto the golf simulator computer can be completed
once the computer for the golf simulator is installed. However, training of the ARC employees
can commence once the simulator is fully installed. Training on the use of a golf simulator has an
estimation of 1 hr.

Golf Simulator Project: Personnel

The team consists of Blair Fairbanks, Riley Hutchings, Tyler Pulsipher, Dillon Slack, and Karter
White. Listed below are the qualifications of the team members in charge of the development of
the golf simulator project. The Appendix section of this proposal contains all team member
resumes.

Blair Fairbanks. Blair is a mechanical engineering major with experience as a Diamond Press
maintenance worker. He has 3 years experience with coding, including softwares such as Python
and MATLAB. Blair is also a golf enthusiast who joined the USU golf club in 2020 and is
passionate about having an immersive and genuine golfing experience.

Riley Hutchings. Riley is a mechanical engineering major with 2 years of experience in

professional mechanical design. He is an avid coder with 5 years of coding experience in
software such as Javascript, Python, and C++. Riley also has experience with soldering, wiring,
and project installations.

Tyler Pulsipher. Tyler is a mechanical engineering major with experience in the installation of
computerized numerical control machines (CNC). He also has experience with CNC system
integrations. Tyler has 3 years of experience coding with softwares such as Python, C++, and
HTML.

Dillon Slack. Dillon is a mechanical engineering major with experience in RLC circuit design.
He is an avid golfer passionate about having an immersive experience. Dillon is experienced
with Python and Java programming languages.

Karter White. Karter is a mechanical engineering major with experience in campus policy and
guidelines. He has 3 years of experience coding with softwares such as C, MATLAB, and using
CAD softwares. Karter is also an 8 year golf-hobbyist with a passion for the sport and is
dedicated to having a realistic golf experience.

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Golf Simulator Project: Budget

This section contains the cost of materials and salary prices of the golf simulator project.
Material cost is based on desired products’ cost. Salaries are based on average salaries of the
positions required. Table 1 below demonstrates the total cost of the project. All item prices are
discussed in the method section of this proposal.

The average price range of an amateur electrician is approximately $60.00/hr. The estimated
number of hours necessary for the electrician to properly wire the golf simulator is 2-3 hr. Table
1 below uses the max amount of hours estimated.

Table 1. Budget Plan

Item Description Quantity Unit Subtotal

Price ($)

FlightScope Mevo+ motion-capture system for the 1 3199.00 3199.00

(2023 edition) golf simulator

The Golf Club 2019 golf simulation software 1 950.00 950.00

(TGC)
Klipsch [21] Theater sound system (wireless 1 339.99 339.99
Pack 5.1 Surround subwoofer and five,
Sound System mountable, stand-up speakers)

lower quality turf 8 49.99 399.92

EZ-Tee Hybrid hitting 1 165.00 165.00

mat

8 ft x 10.5 ft impact 1 499.00 499.00

screen

15 ft x 10 ft nets 2 112.50 225.00

Used Golf Clubs 1 250.00 ± 250.00 ±

50.00 50.00

Electrician hours 3 28.00 84.00

Total 6061.91±
50.00

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 Conclusion
Utah State University presently has no opportunities on-campus for individuals, students, and
families to enjoy golf. This proposal recommends to university administration the installation of
a golf simulator in the ARC. This proposal also provides extensive research and analysis on the
benefits of recreational use of a golf simulator, components and costs, and detailed plans on
execution of the installation and implementation. Installation of a golf simulator on Utah State
University campus will benefit both the local student and resident population.

The components and methods used for the installation of a golf simulator will provide the most
cost-effective and efficient design. The design will not be at the expense of user experience and
immersion. The simulator will follow a simple model of motion-capture technology connected to
a golf simulation software. The user interface includes nets and a sound system, which will
ensure an immersive and safe user experience. This system will provide an accurate output and
experience for the golfer.

The proposed setup will cost $6,100, which is significantly less than pre-built simulators. The
installation process consists of four phases that will be completed in a calendar week. The
qualifications and combined experience of the team will ensure the successful execution of the
plans contained in the proposal. A golf simulator installed in the ARC will prove beneficial for
Utah State University and those that live in Logan city. The simulator will prove a success for
Engineering Innovations.

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[18] “TGC 2019 System Requirements.” The Indoor Golf Shop,

https://shopindoorgolf.com/pages/tgc-2019-system-requirements.

[19] “The Golf Club 2019.” The Indoor Golf Shop, https://shopindoorgolf.com/products/the-golf-
club-2019?aff=8&utm_source=affiliate&utm_medium=https://golfstead.com.

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