Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Nagercoil Campus

Amrita School of Engineering

Second Semester B.Tech. ECE

23MAT130 – Engineering Mathematics II

Unit I – Question Bank for Practice

Vector spaces and Sub spaces

SI.No Questions Marks

Let 𝑉 = ℝ2 = {(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) | 𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ∈ ℝ}. Define addition and scalar

multiplication as 𝑢 + 𝑣 ∶= (𝑢1 + 𝑣1 , 𝑢2 + 𝑣2 );𝛼 . 𝑢 ≔ (0, 𝛼𝑢2 );
1. where 𝑢 = (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) and v= (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ) ∈ 𝑉. 4
Prove that (𝑉, +, . ) is not a vector space. Also, list out all the
unsatisfied conditions.
Let 𝑉 = ℝ2 = {(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) | 𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ∈ ℝ}. Define addition and scalar
multiplication as 𝑢 + 𝑣 ∶= (𝑢1 + 𝑣1 + 1 , 𝑢2 + 𝑣2 + 1);𝛼 . 𝑢 ≔
2. ( 𝛼𝑢1 , 𝛼𝑢2 );where 𝑢 = (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ) and v= (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ) ∈ 𝑉. 4
Prove that (𝑉, +, . ) is not a vector space. Also, list out all the
unsatisfied conditions.
Show that 𝑊 = { (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ3 | 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ≥ 1} is not a subspace
3. 2
of ℝ3 .
Show that 𝑊 = { (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ3 | 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ≤ 1} is not a subspace
4. 2
of ℝ3 .
5. Prove or disprove that 𝑊 = { (𝑥, 0, 0) | 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} is a subspace of ℝ3 . 2
Let 𝑊 be the set of all points in ℝ satisfying the equation 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 +
3
6. 2
𝑛𝑧 = 0. Prove that 𝑊 is a subspace of ℝ3 .
Let 𝑉 = {𝑓 ∶ ℝ → ℝ}, 𝑎 ∈ ℝ. Prove that 𝑊 = { 𝑓 ∈ 𝑉 | 𝑓(𝑎) = 0 } is a
7. 2
subspace of 𝑉.
Let 𝑉 = {𝑓 ∶ ℝ → ℝ}, 𝑎 ∈ ℝ. Prove that 𝑊 = { 𝑓 ∈ 𝑉 | 𝑓(0) = 1 } is
8. 2
not a subspace of 𝑉.
9. Show that 𝑊 = { (𝑥, 1, 1) | 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} is not a subspace of ℝ3 . 2
10. Show that 𝑊 = { (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ | 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑧 } is a subspace of ℝ .
3 3
2
Show that 𝑊 = { (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ3 | 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑧 + 1} is not a subspace of
11. 2
ℝ3 .
Let 𝑉 = 𝑃(ℝ) and 𝑊 is the set of all polynomials of degree greater than
12. 2
2025. Show that 𝑊 is not a subspace of 𝑉.
Prove that the intersection of two subspaces of a vector space is a
13. 2
subspace.
Is union of two subspaces of a vector space again a subspace? If not,
14. 2
give a counter example.

1
 Determine which of the following are subspaces of ℝ3 .
(a) All vectors of the form (a, 0, 0).
(b) All vectors of the form (a, 1, 1). 2 for
15.
(c) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), where b = a + c. each
(d) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), where b = a + c + 1.
(e) All vectors of the form (a, b, 0).
Determine which of the following are subspaces of 𝑀𝑛 (ℝ).
(a) The set of all diagonal n × n matrices.
(b) The set of all n × n matrices A such that det(A) = 0.
(c) The set of all n × n matrices A such that tr(A) = 0.
(d) The set of all symmetric n × n matrices. 2 for
16.
(e) The set of all n × n matrices A such that 𝐴 = −A.
𝑇 each
(f ) The set of all n × n matrices A for which Ax = 0 has only the trivial
solution.
(g) The set of all n × n matrices A such that AB = BA for some fixed n
× n matrix B.
Determine which of the following are subspaces of 𝑃3 (ℝ).
(a) All polynomials 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3 for which a = 0.
2 for
17. (b) All polynomials 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3 for which a+b+c+d= 0.
each
(c) All polynomials of the form in 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3 which a, b, c, and
d are rational numbers.
Linear Independence and Dependence
Express (6, 11, 6) as linear combination of 𝑢 = (2, 1, 4)
18. 4
𝑣 = (1, −1, 3) & 𝑤 = (3, 2, 5).
4 7 1 1 1 2
Express [ ] as a linear combination of 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵 = [ ]
19. 7 9 1 1 3 4 4
1 1
and 𝐶 = [ ].
4 5
For which value of 𝑘, the vector 𝑢 = (1, −2, 𝑘) ∈ ℝ3 is a linear
20. 4
combination vectors 𝑣 = (3, 0, −2) and w= (2, −1, −5)?
Express −9 − 7𝑥 − 15𝑥 2 as a linear combination of 2+x+4𝑥 2 , 1−𝑥 +
21. 4
3𝑥 2 and 3 + 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 2 .
Let 𝑣 = (2, −5, 3 ), 𝑢1 = ( 1, −3, 2), 𝑢2 = (2, −4, −1), 𝑢3 = (1, −5, 7 ).
22. 4
Is 𝑣 ∈ 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛{𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 } ?
Prove or disprove that 7+𝑥 2 ∈ 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) where 𝑆 = { 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 +
23. 4
5, 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥, 𝑥 + 1} ⊂ 𝑃2 (ℝ).
Prove or disprove that 𝑆 = { 1 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 , 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 , 5 + 6𝑥 +
24. 4
3𝑥 2 , 7 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 } is a linear independent set in 𝑃2 (ℝ).
If the vectors (0, 1, 𝑎), (1, 𝑎, 1) and (𝑎, 1, 0) of ℝ3 is a linear
25. 4
dependent, then find the value of 𝑎.
Prove or disprove that 𝑆 = {(1, 2, 2, −1), (4, 9, 9, −4), (5, 8, 9, −5)} is
26. 4
linear independent in ℝ4 .

2
 Prove that 𝑣1 = (0, 3, 1, −1), 𝑣2 = (6, 0, 5, 1), 𝑣3 = (4, −7, 1, 3) form a
27. linear dependent set in ℝ4 . Express each vector as a linear 4
combination of the other two.
1 0 1 2 0 2
Prove or disprove that 𝑆 = { [ ], [ ], [ ]} is a linear
28 1 2 2 1 2 1 4
independent set in 𝑀2×2 (ℝ).
2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Prove or disprove that 𝑆 = { [1 0 0] , [0 0 0] , [1 1 0] } is a
29. 4
linear independent set in 𝑀2×3 (ℝ).
In each part, determine whether the three vectors lie in a plane in ℝ3 .
30. (a) v1 = (2,−2, 0), v2 = (6, 1, 4), v3 = (2, 0,−4) 4
(b) v1 = (−6, 7, 2), v2 = (3, 2, 4), v3 = (4,−1, 2)
Basis and Dimension
31. Determine { 1 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 , 3 + 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 } is a basis for 𝑃2 (ℝ) or not.
2
4
1 1 1 −1 0 −1 1 0
Show that 𝑆 = [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ]} is a basis for
32. 1 −1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
𝑀2×2 (ℝ).
1 0 2 −2 1 −1 0 −1
Show that 𝑆 = [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ]} is not a basis
33. 1 1 3 2 1 0 1 1 4
for 𝑀2×2 (ℝ).
34. Determine { 1 + 𝑥, 1 − 𝑥, 1 − 𝑥 2 , 1 − 𝑥 3 } is a basis for 𝑃3 (ℝ) or not. 4
Determine { 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 4 , 1 − 𝑥, 1 − 𝑥 2 , 1 − 𝑥 3 } is a basis for 𝑃4 (ℝ) or
35. 4
not.
Prove or disprove that 𝑆 =
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
36. { [ 1 0] , [ 0 0] , [ 1 0] , [ 0 1] , [ 0 −1] , [ 0 0] } is basis for 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 −1 1
𝑀3×2 (ℝ).
For which value of c the following vectors forms a linearly dependent
37. 4
(c, -1, -1), (-1,c,0), (1,1,0).
In each part, show that the set of vectors is not a basis for R3.
38. (a) { (2,−3, 1), (4, 1, 1), (0,−7, 1)} 4
(b){ (1, 6, 4), (2, 4,−1), (−1, 2, 5)}
Prove or disprove that 𝑆 = {(−1, 2, 2, −1), (4, 9, 9, −4),
39. 4
(5, 8, 9, −5), (7, 4, 6, 9), (11, 4, 7, 9)} is a basis of ℝ4 .
Let V be the space spanned by u = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 , v =𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥, w= cos 2x. Show
40 that S = {u, v, w} is not a basis for V. 4

Find a basis for the row space and for the column space of
1 −3 4 −2
(i) A =[2 −6 9 −1] 6 for
41. 2 −6 9 −1 each
6 0 −3 0
(ii) A =[0 −1 0 5]
2 0 −1 0
3
 Find a basis for the row space, the column space and the null space for
42. 1 2 3 6
the matrix 𝐴 = [4 5 6].
7 8 9
Find a basis for the subspace of ℝ4 that is spanned by the vectors
43. 6
u = (1, 1, 1, 1), v = (2, 2, 2, 0), w = (0, 0, 0, 3), x = (3, 3, 3, 4).
In each part, find a basis for the given subspace of ℝ4 , and state its
dimension.
44. (a) All vectors of the form (a, b, c, 0). 6
(b) All vectors of the form (a, b, c, d), where d = a + b and c = a − b.
(c) All vectors of the form (a, b, c, d), where a = b = c = d.
Find a basis for the solution space of the homogeneous linear system,
and find the dimension of that space:
45. 6
3x +y + z + w = 0
5x − y + z − w = 0
Inner products - Orthogonality - Orthogonal basis
2 1
46. Find an inner product on ℝ2 generated by 𝐴 = [ ]. 4
1 1
Find the matrix that generates the weighted inner product < 𝑢, 𝑣 >=
47. 1 4
𝑢1 𝑣1 + 5 𝑢2 𝑣2 .
2
4 1
48. Let 𝑢 = (0, −3), 𝑣 = (6, 2). Find < 𝑢, 𝑣 >𝐴 , where 𝐴 = [ ]. 4
2 −3
3 −2
Find standard inner product on 𝑀2×2 (ℝ) for 𝐴 = [ ] and
4 8
49. 4
−1 3
𝐴=[ ].
1 1
Find the standard inner product on 𝑃2 (ℝ) of 𝑝(𝑥) = −2 + 𝑥 +
50. 4
3𝑥 2 , 𝑞(𝑥) = 4 − 7𝑥 2 .
Find the evaluation inner product of 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 and 𝑞(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2
51. 4
at 𝑥0 = −2, 𝑥1 = −1, 𝑥2 = 0, 𝑥3 = 1.
Find ||𝑢|| 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑(𝑢, 𝑣) for 𝑢 = (−1, 2) and 𝑣 = (2, 5) relative to the
52. 4 0 4
inner product on ℝ2 generated by a matrix 𝐴 = [ ].
3 5
Find ||p|| and d(p, q) relative to the standard inner product on 𝑃2 (𝑅):
53. 4
p = −5 + 2x + x2, q = 3 + 2x − 4x2
Find ||U|| and d(U,V ) relative to the standard inner product on
54. 4
M_2(R).
Gram Schmidt Process
Apply Gram Schmidt process to transform the basis vectors 𝑣1 = (1,1,1),
55. 𝑣2 = (−1,1,0), & 𝑣3 = (1,2,1) into an orthogonal basis and then convert 10
to orthonormal basis.
Apply Gram Schmidt process to transform the basis vectors 𝑣1 = (1,0,0),
56.. 𝑣2 = (3,7, −2), & 𝑣3 = (0,4,1) into an orthogonal basis and then convert 10
to orthonormal basis.

4
 Apply Gram Schmidt process to transform the basis vector
57. 𝑣1 = (0,2, 1, 0), 𝑣2 = (1, −1, 0, 0), 𝑣3 = (1,2, 0, −1), 𝑣4 = (1, 0, 0, 1) into 10
an orthogonal basis, and then convert to orthonormal basis.
Linear Transformation
Let 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 be vectors in a vector space 𝑉, let 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑅 3 be a linear
58. transformation for which 𝑇(𝑣1 ) = (2, −1,4), 𝑇(𝑣2 ) = (−3,2,1), 𝑇(𝑣3 ) = 8
(0,5,1). Find 𝑇(3𝑣1 − 2𝑣2 + 𝑣3 ).
𝑎 𝑏
Let 𝑇: 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 . Check whether T is a
59. 𝑐 𝑑 8
linear transformation or not.
Show that the operator 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → ℝ2 defined by the equation 𝑤1 = 3𝑥1 +
60. 𝑥2 , 4
𝑤2 = −3𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 . Find 𝑇 −1 (𝑤1 , 𝑤2 ).
Consider the function 𝑇: 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑇(𝐴) = 𝑡𝑟(𝐴). Prove that
61. 4
𝑇 is a linear transformation.
𝑦
2 3
𝑥
let 𝑇: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑇([𝑦])= [−5𝑥 + 13𝑦]. Find the matrix relative
−7𝑥 + 16𝑦
62. 3 10
to the basis 𝐵 = {𝑢1 , 𝑢2 } and 𝐵1 = {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 }, where 𝑢1 = [ ],
1
1 −1 0
5
𝑢2 = [ ], 𝑣1 = [ 0 ], 𝑣2 = [ 2 ], 𝑣3 = [1].
2 −1 2 2
2 3
𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑦
Find the matrix for 𝑇: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑇 ([𝑦]) = ( ), where
𝑥
63. 1 0 1 6
𝐵 = {𝑢1 , 𝑢2 } and 𝐵1 = {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 } 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢1 = [ ], 𝑢2 = [ ], 𝑣1 = [ ] &
0 1 −3
3
𝑣2 = [ ].
0
QR Decompositions & LU Decompositions
1 0 0
64. Find a QR decomposition of a matrix [1 1 0]. 10
1 1 1
1 0 1
−1 1 1
65. Find a QR decomposition of a matrix [ ]. 10
1 0 1
−1 1 1
1 −1
66. Find a QR decomposition of a matrix[ ] 8
2 3
1 0 2
67. Find a QR decomposition of a matrix [0 1 1]. 10
1 2 0
2 6 2
68. Find the LU decomposition of A= [−3 −8 0]. 10
4 9 2
6 −2 0
69. Find the LU decomposition of A= [ 9 −1 1]. 10
3 7 5
3 −6 −3
70. Find the LU decomposition of A= [ 2 0 6 ]. 10
−4 7 4
5
 JORDAN Decomposition and Singular Value Decomposition
1 1
71. Find the singular value decomposition of A=[0 1]. 8
1 0

72. −2 2
Find the singular value decomposition of A=[−1 1 ]. 8
2 −2

1 −1
73. Find the singular value decomposition of A=[ ]. 8
1 1

• Marks allotted here is tentative not fixed marks.