Exercise 1

America is the land 1.______ Liberty. You can think what you want to think,
and you can say what you want 2. ______ say; but you cannot always do
what you want to do — without breaking 3. ______ law.
Today you cannot use hard drugs, because it is against the law. The law has
decided 4. _____ drugs are dangerous, and most people believe that the law
is right. Today, 5. ____ many places, you cannot smoke 6. ____ cigarette in
the street. But today, you can sit in a bar and drink a beer — just as long
as you are not below the age limit; 7. ___ hundred years ago, you could not.
America was dry. Alcohol was illegal. You could 8. ____drink it nor make it,
nor buy it, nor import it, nor sell it. Alcohol became illegal in the year 1919;
it remained illegal 9. __ fourteen years. However, it never disappeared!
Before 1919 alcoholic drinks were very popular in the United States. in 1919,
the industry had to stop!
Of course, it could not stop. It stopped officially, 10. ___ it continued
to prosper -unofficially. In place 11. ____ big business, there was big crime.
The Mafia took control of the distribution, and the bosses of the Mafia
replaced the bosses of the breweries and the distilleries. The biggest
gangster of them all was Al Capone, who came from New York and operated
12. ___ Chicago. Capone controlled a vast empire of crime. He was so
powerful that he could control anyone he wanted to.

1 A Of B For C By D To
2 A To B For C At D In
3 A A B this C The D An
4 A This B That C An D On
5 A For B That C On D In
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Exercise 2

Some people think 1.____ seat belts are uncool. They think that seat belts
cramp their style, or that seat belts are uncomfortable. 2. ____ them I say,
what's more uncomfortable? Wearing a seat belt or flying through 3. ____ car
windshield? What's more uncool? Being safely anchored 4. ____ a car, or
skidding across the road in your jean shorts? Wearing a seat belt is both
cooler and more comfortable than 5. ____ alternatives. Let's just take a
closer look at your choices. If you are not wearing your seat belt, you can
hop around the car and slide in and out 6. ____ your seat easily. That sounds
like a lot of fun. But, you are also more likely 7. ____ die or suffer serious
injuries. If you are wearing a seat belt, you have 8. ____ stay in your seat.
That's no fun. But, you are much more likely to walk away unharmed from a
car accident. Hmmm... 9. ____ small pleasure for a serious pain. That's a
tough choice. I think that I'll avoid the serious pain. How about giving money
away? Do you like to give your money away? Probably not. And when you
don't wear your seat belt, you are begging to give your money away. That's
because kids are required to wear seat belts in every state in America. If
you're riding 10. ____ a car, and you don't have a seat belt on, the police can
give you or your driver 11. ____ ticket. Then you will have to give money to
12. ____ city. I'd rather keep my money, but you can spend yours how you
want.

1 A That B For C By D To
2 A To B For C At D In
3 A A B this C The D An
4 A This B That C An D To
5 A For B That C The D In
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7 A A B The C To D Of
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9 A A B Of C From D By
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 1 A For B By C Neither D The
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Exercise 3

Do not just discount a text because it is unfamiliar 1. ____ you. Each time
you read, you are exposed 2. ____ new ideas and perspectives. Reading can
change the way 3. ____ you understand the world. It can give you a broader
perspective on things. It can make you worldlier. You can learn how people
live in far away places. You can learn about cultures different from your own.
Reading is good 4. ____ your state of mind. It has 5. ____ calming effect. It
can lower your stress levels and help you relax. You can escape 6. ____ your
troubles 7. ____ a moment when you read, and it's a positive escape. The
benefits 0. ____ reading far outweigh those of acting like a doofus. So do
yourself a favor: 9.____ next time you get a reading assignment, take as
much 10. ____ you can 11. ____ it. Squeeze it for every drop of knowledge
that it contains. Then move 12. ____ to the next one.

1 A That B For C By D To
2 A To B For C At D In
3 A A B this C That D An
4 A This B That C An D For
5 A A B That C The D In
6 A That B Of C From D The
7 A A B For C To D Of
8 A Of B Neithe C To D Out
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9 A A B The C From D By
1 A In B That C As D But
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1 A On B From C At D For
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Exercise 4

Hummingbirds fly in 1._____ unique way. They move their wings so fast that
they can hover. 2. _____ means that they can stay in one spot in the middle
3_____ the air, like a helicopter. Sometimes they fly or hover upside down.
They are 4. _____ only bird that flies backward. Hummingbirds are small. One
type called the bee hummingbird is the smallest bird in 5. _____ world. Bee

3
hummingbirds weigh less than a penny. They are just a little bit bigger than
bees. I guess that's 6. _____ they get their name. Bee hummingbirds build
tiny nests. They use cobwebs and bits 7. _____ bark to make their homes.
Their homes are only an inch around. This is big enough for their eggs
though. Their eggs are smaller than peas. People have found 8. _____ tiny
nests on a clothespin. Hummingbirds move fast. It takes lots of energy to
move 9. _____ fast as they do. This means that they need to eat a lot of food.
Their favorite food is nectar, a sweet liquid inside 10. _____ some flowers.
They drink more than their own weight in nectar daily. They have 11._____
visit hundreds of flowers to get enough nectar to live. They can only store
enough energy to survive through the night. They live on 12. _____ edge.

1 A That B A C By D To
2 A This B For C At D In
3 A A B this C That D Of
4 A This B The C An D For
5 A A B That C The D In
6 A Where B Of C From D The
7 A A B For C To D Of
8 A Of B Neithe C These D Out
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9 A A B As C From D By
1 A Of B That C As D But
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1 A On B To C At D For
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1 A For B By C On D The
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Exercise 5

What's fiercer than a lion but smaller than a beagle? The honey badger, one
1.____ the toughest mammals in Africa and western Asia. Honey badgers
stand less than a foot high. They are only 2. ____ couple feet long. They
weigh just over 20 pounds. 3. ____ they have a reputation for toughness that
is far greater than their size. Some honey badgers will chase away lions and
take their kills. I guess 4. ____ goes to show you that size isn't the only thing
that matters in a fight. 5. ____ what makes the honey badger so tough? They
have speed, stamina, 6. ____ agility, but so do many animals. They aren't
stronger than lions, so how do they stop them? The thing that sets the honey
badger 7. ____ is their skin. Their skin is thick and tough. Arrows, spears, and
bites 8. ____ other animals can rarely pierce it. Small bullets can't even

4
penetrate it. Not only is their skin thick and tough, it is also loose. 9. ____
allows them 10. ____ twist and turn to attack 11. ____ another animal is
gripping them. The only safe grip one can get 12. ____ a honey badger is on
the back of their necks.

1 A That B Of C By D To
2 A This B For C A D In
3 A Yet B this C That D Of
4 A This B That C An D For
5 A So B That C The D In
6 A Where B And C From D The
7 A Apart B For C To D Of
8 A Of B From C These D Out
9 A A B This C From D By
1 A To B That C As D But
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1 A For B By C On D The
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Exercise 6

Unlike Xerox, Google wasn't 1. ____ first company to invent their product,
not 2. ____ a long shot. Lycos released their search engine in 1993. Yahoo!
came 3. ____ in 1994. AltaVista began serving results in 1995. Google did
not come out until years later, 4. ____ 1998. Though 5. ____ few years
difference may not seem like much, this is a major head start in the fast
moving world of tech. So how did Google do it? How did they overtake their
competitors 6. ____ had such huge leads in time and money? Maybe one
good idea made all the difference. There are millions and millions of sites on
the internet. How does a search engine know 7. ____ ones are relevant to
your search? This is a question that great minds have been working 8. ____
for decades. To understand how Google changed the game, you need 9. ____
know how search engines worked in 1998. Back then most websites looked
at the words in your query. They counted how many times 10. ____ words
appeared on each page. Then they might return pages 11. ____ the words in
your query appeared the most. This system did not work well and people
often had to click through pages and pages of results to find 12____ they
wanted.

1 A That B The C By D To

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 2 A By B For C A D In
3 A Yet B Out C That D Of
4 A This B That C In D For
5 A A B That C The D In
6 A Where B Who C From D The
7 A Which B For C To D Of
8 A Of B From C On D Out
9 A To B This C From D By
1 A To B That C As D Those
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1
1 A For B What C On D The
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Exercise 7

Links are those blue underlined words 1.____ take you to other pages when
you click on them. Larry Page, cofounder 2. .____ Google, believed that
meaningful data could be drawn from how those links connect. Page figured
that websites 3. .____ many links pointing at them were more important
4. .____ those that had few. He was right. Google's search results were much
better than their rivals. They would soon become 5. .____ world's most used
search engine. It wasn't just the great search results that led 6. .____ Google
becoming so well liked. It also had to do with the way that they presented
their product. Most of the other search engines were cluttered. Their home
pages were filled 7. .____ everything from news stories to stock quotes. But
Google's homepage was, and still is, clean. There's nothing on it but the logo,
the search box, and 8. .____ few links. It almost appears empty. 9. .____ fact,
when they were first testing it, users would wait 10. .____ the home page
and not do anything. When asked 11. .____, they said that they were,
"waiting 12..____ the rest of the page to load." People couldn't imagine such
a clean and open page as being complete. But the fresh design grew on
people once they got used to it.

1 A That B The C By D To
2 A By B For C A D Of
3 A Yet B Out C With D Of
4 A This B Than C In D For
5 A A B That C The D In
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7 A With B For C To D Of

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 8 A Of B A C On D Out
9 A In B This C From D By
1 A To B That C At D Those
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Exercise 8

There are still some people 1. ----- say 2. ----- climate change is not real !
Others say that it is real, 3.----- we cannot do anything to stop it, 4. ----
we need not try. 5. few people even say that climate change is not caused 6.
----- human beings. But most people now understand that our world is
getting hotter, 7. ----we have 8. ----- do something about it. We only have
one Earth, and we can't get another one.
Twenty years ago, people could perhaps imagine 9. ----- climate change
was not a real problem, 10. ----- some scientists still had doubts. Today
almost all the world's scientists agree: the world is getting hotter, and it is
the fault 11. ---- human beings. Our planet is going towards a climate
catastrophe, 12. ----- we can stop its worst effects.

1 A That B Who C By D To
2 A That B For C A D Of
3 A Yet B But C With D Of
4 A This B A C In D So
5 A A B That C The D By
6 A Where B And C From D by
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8 A Of B That C To D Out
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e
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0 e
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Exercise 9

London on the Thames, yes; 1. ----- London in the Sea? No thank you! Yet 2.
---- could happen before 2060, 3. ---- steps are taken quite quickly,
to prevent it.
4. ----- a result of global warming, the sea level around the south east
corner of England is expected to rise 5. ----- 54 cms in just half a century!
And scientists now say 6. ----- many parts of London will be at serious risk
from flooding by the sea within 50 years.
It's not all 7. ---- London that is in danger; just some parts to the east of the
city, 8. -----

they won't be under water all the time; just when there are very high tides.
The low-lying suburbs 9. ----- the Thames in the East End of London are
already protected 10. ---- high tides by a massive barrier 11. ----- stretches
right across the river; 12. ---- more defences will be needed along
the banks of 13.---- Thames to protect a larger area to the north of the river,
and further east. And no-one really knows if the existing Thames Barrier will
still be enough to protect London, even in 2050.

1 A That B But C By D To
2 A This B For C A D Of
3 A Yet B Unless C With D Of
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5 A A B That C The D By
6 A Where B That C From D The
7 A With B For C To D Of
8 A Of B And C On D Out
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1 A To B From C At D Those
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Exercise 10

I had 1.--- great time away on holiday and one 2.--- the things I did was go on a
two-day photography course about taking photos of people. It was for beginners
and I was given quite a few tips, some of 3.--- I think are really useful.

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4.--- example, getting your position correct is really important. They said a common
mistake is
5.--- stand too far away from the person. You get 6.--- much better result if you get
close to them as they take 7.--- more of the photo. It’s also important to make sure
8.--- camera is at the same height 9.--- the person, especially if you’re taking one
10.--- a child.
A really useful tip was to pay attention to the background. The person will stand
11.---- much more if the background is as plain as possible. 12.---- will help you to
focus on the subject of your photo.

1 A That B A C By D To
2 A Of B For C At D In
3 A A B this C Which D An
4 A This B That C An D For
5 A For B To C The D In
6 A That B Of C A D The
7 A A B Up C To D Of
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9 A A B As C From D By
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Exercise 11

Jeans were the classic clothes of 1. --- American West.

In 1853, a young tailor from Germany, called Levi Strauss, began working
in San Francisco; Levi sold thick canvas to miners; the miners used the
canvas to make tents.
One day, a miner told Levi 2. ---- he could not find trousers that were
strong enough for work in the gold mines. Levi decided to make some
trousers out of canvas. Very soon, he had sold all the canvas trousers he
had made! They were just 3. --- miners wanted.
4. ----, the canvas was rather heavy and stiff. Levi therefore began to look
for a different textile; soon he found 5. ---- heavy textile from France; it was
called serge de Nimes. Americans just called 6. --- de Nimes, and this name
soon got reduced to denim. Denim was a bit lighter than canvas, but it was
very strong; it was ideal for miners.
However, original denim was almost white, and miners did not like the
color! Their denim trousers got dirty as 7. ---- as they began working!
Levi Strauss therefore decided 8. ---- use colored denim, and

9
he chose dark blue. In 1873,he began to make denim trousers with metal
rivets to make them stronger. This was a radical new idea: “Blue jeans” had
arrived!
Levi’s jeans were 9. --- popular, that his company got bigger and bigger;
soon, other firms were making blue jeans too. Miners liked them, 10. ---- so
did cowboys and other working men. Blue jeans became classic American
working trousers.
After 11. ---- Second World War, jeans became popular 12. ---- over the
world. Today, blue jeans are made over the world – most of them in Asia.

1 A At B But C The D To
2 A That B For C A D Of
3 A As B Unless C What D Of
4 A As B Howev C In D For
er
5 A A B That C Those D By
6 A Where B For C From D This
7 A And B Soon C To D Of
8 A To B And C On D Who
9 A In B Before C So D Beside
1 A When B But C At D Those
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1 A All B After C On D The
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Exercise 12

The first documented submersible was constructed 1._____ 1620 by Cornelius

Drebbel. It was powered by rowing oars underwater. Though 2. _____ craft
was originally designed for underwater exploration, it did not take long 3.
_____ inventors and makers of war to recognize the military potential of 4.
_____ submersible. In 1648 Bishop John Wilkins wrote, “It may be of great
advantages against a Navy of enemies, 5. _____ by this may be undermined
in the water and blown up.” Over one-hundred years later, the first military
submarine was ready 6. _____ be deployed. The Turtle was the world’s first
submarine used in combat. Designed by David Bushnell in 1775, it was

10
deployed 7. _____ the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary
War. Though the Turtle did utilize a support ship in combat, it was fully
capable 8. _____ renewing its air and power supplies independently;
therefore, the Turtle is considered to have been a submarine and not a
submersible. The Turtle was powered by hand-cranked propellers and was
named 9. _____ such because it resembled a turtle. It held a single person,
moved about three miles per hour in calm water, and contained enough air
to stay submerged for 10. _____thirty minutes. General Washington
authorized 11. _____ attack using the Turtle on a British flagship blockading
New York Harbor. Sgt. Ezra Lee operated the Turtle and attempted to affix
underwater explosives to the British ship, but he failed. The Turtle was later
destroyed 12. _____ the British. Despite this failure, the Turtle is still
remembered as the first submarine used offensively during war.

1 A At B In C The D To
2 A This B For C A D Of
3 A As B Unless C What D For
4 A As B The C In D For
5 A A B That C Who D By
6 A Where B To C From D This
7 A By B Soon C To D Of
8 A To B And C Of D Who
9 A In B Before C So D As
1 A When B About C At D Those
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1 A All B By C On D The
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Exercise 13

More 1.____ a million people immigrate to the United States to start new lives
every year, and 2.____they are arriving in New York, one of the first sights 3.
____ they will see is the Statue of Liberty. The Statue 4. ____ Liberty stands
on Liberty Island, near Manhattan in New York. Though she is often thought
to be resident of New York, Liberty Island is actually federal property, which
means 5. ____the Statue of Liberty belongs to the 6____ country. The Statue
of Liberty is not only 7. ____ tallest statue in America, it is also one 8. ____ the
most recognizable American symbols. The Statue of Liberty is huge. From
the tip of the torch to the pedestal on 9. ____ she stands, she is just over 151
feet tall. If you include the pedestal in your measurement, she stands more
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than 305 feet 10. ____ of the ground. That’s more than 30 basketball hoops
or 11. ____entire football field. Her waist size is 35 feet, which would make it
awfully tough to find pants, and the tablet she holds is 23 feet long. Don’t
worry though; she hasn’t had any trouble holding that tablet yet 12. ____ her
8 foot index finger. Talk about heavy handed…

1 A At B Than C By D To
2 A This B If C A D Of
3 A That B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C In D Of
5 A A B That C Those D By
6 A Where B For C Whole D The
7 A The B For C To D Of
8 A Of B And C On D Who
9 A In B Before C From D Which
1 A When B From C Off D Those
0
1 A Why B An C That D For
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1 A For B After C With D The
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Exercise 14

Palaces are known 1.______ their beauty and splendor, but they offer little
protection against attacks. It is easy 2. ______ defend a fortress, but
fortresses are not designed 3. ______ the comfort of a king or queen in
mind. When it comes to structures 4. ______ are both majestic and
wellfortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle 5. ______ design.
Across the ages castles changed, developed, 6. ______ eventually fell out 7.
______ use, but they still command the fascination of our culture. Castles
were originally built in England 8. ______ Norman invaders in 1066. 9. ______
William the Conqueror advanced through England, he fortified key positions
to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman
lords 10, ______ retreat to safety when threatened 11. ______ English
rebellion. Castles also served as bases of operation 12. ______ offensive
attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed 13.
______ castles. In this way castles served both offensive and defensive roles
in military operations.

1 A For B Than C By D To
2 A This B To C A D Of

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 3 A That B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C In D That
5 A A B Of C Those D By
6 A And B For C Whole D The
7 A The B For C To D Of
8 A Of B And C By D Who
9 A In B Before C From D As
1 A When B To C Off D Those
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Exercise 15

The first castles constructed in England were made 1.______ earth and
timber. 2. ______ who constructed them took advantage 3. ______ natural
features, such 4. ______ hills and rivers, to increase defenses. 5. ______
these castles were constructed 6. ______ wood, they were highly susceptible
to attacks 7. ______ fire. Wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone,
8. ______ greatly increased the strength of these fortifications; however,
being made 9. ______ stone did not make these castles entirely fireproof.
Attackers could hurl flaming objects into 10. ______ castle through the
windows or ignite the wooden doors. 11. ______ led to moving the windows
and entrances 12.______ of the ground floor and up to the first floor to make
them more difficult to access. 13. ______ the nobility accumulated wealth,
England became increasingly attractive to 14. ______ who sought to plunder.
Raids by Vikings and other marauders increased 15. ______ regularity. In
response to 16. ______ attacks, castle defenses were updated and improved.
Arrow-slits were added. These were small holes in the castle, large enough
for 17. ______ arrow to fit through, 18. ______ allowed defenders to fire from
nearly invulnerable positions.

1 A For B From C By D To
2 A This B To C A D Those
3 A That B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C In D That
5 A A B Since C Those D By
6 A From B For C Whole D The

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 7 A The B By C To D Of
8 A Of B And C By D Which
9 A In B Before C From D As
1 A When B The C Off D Those
0
1 A By B An C This D For
1
1 A For B Off C With D The
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1 A As B The C Off D Those
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1 A When B The C Off D Those
4
1 A In B Those C Off D The
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1 A When B These C Off D For
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1 A If B The C An D Off
7
1 A Which B The C Off D Those
8

Exercise 16

Johannes Gensfleisch zur, Laden zum Gutenberg, better known 1.______

Johannes Gutenberg, was born in the German city 2. ______ Mainz. Though
most of Gutenberg’s early life is a mystery, historians believe 3. ______ he
studied at the University of Erfurt in 1418 and spent much 4. ______ his
young adult life practicing the profession of his father. Having a penchant for
fortune and success, Gutenberg borrowed money 5. ______ investors in 1439
and found himself in financial trouble. In the year 1439 the city in 6. ______
Gutenberg lived was planning to exhibit its large collection of relics 7. ______
Emperor Charlemagne (a famous ruler who had united much of Western
Europe around 800 AD). The exhibit was expected to bring many visitors to
8. ______ town, so Gutenberg took investments and created many polished
metal mirrors which were to be sold to the visitors (it was a common belief at
9. ______ time that mirrors were able to capture holy light from religious
relics). The mirrors 10. ______ Gutenberg produced probably would have sold
well, but due to severe flooding the event was delayed 11. ______ one year.
The impatient investors demanded that Gutenberg return their investments,
12. ______ he had already spent the money on producing the unsaleable

14
mirrors. He was trapped in 13. ______ difficult situation. In order to satisfy the
investors, Gutenberg decided to share his greatest secret 14. ______ them.

1 A For B As C By D To
2 A This B To C Of D Those
3 A That B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C From D That
5 A A B Since C Those D By
6 A Which B For C Whole D The
7 A The B By C To D From
8 A Of B The C By D Which
9 A In B That C From D As
1 A When B The C Which D Those
0
1 A By B An C This D For
1
1 A For B But C With D The
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1 A As B The C Off D A
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4

Exercise 17

The Pony Express had 184 stations along 1. ______ trail. The stations were
around ten miles apart. This is about 2. ______ far a horse could run at a
gallop before tiring. The rider would switch to a new horse 3. ______ each
station. He would only take his mail pouch 4. ______ him. Every 75-100
miles, the rider would get 5. ______ a home station. At each home station,
riders would rest. Before resting, he would give his mail pouch to 6. ______
new rider. The mail never stopped moving, even 7. ______ the horses and
riders rested. It was tough to ride 8. ______ the Pony Express. Each rider had
9. ______ weigh less than 125 pounds. Speed was 10. ______ key. Most of
the riders were teenage boys. They rode at a fast pace 11. ______ up to 100
miles a day. If there were an emergency, one might have to ride 200 miles
12. ______ a day. The ride could be rough and dangerous. Attacks 13. ______
Native Americans were common. But in its time running, the Pony Express
only lost one mail pouch. The Pony Express filled 14. ______ important role
for a time, but it did not last. The Civil War started in April 15. ______ 1861.
This was bad news for the owners. The worst for them was yet to come. On
October 24th, 1861,16. ______ first telegraph line to California was finished.

15
This linked them to the rest 17. ______ the country. People could send
messages in 18. ______ instant. Two days later the Pony Express closed. 19.
______ the lore of the brave riders lives on even today.

1 A For B The C By D To
2 A This B To C Of D How
3 A At B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C With D That
5 A A B Since C Those D To
6 A Which B A C Whole D The
7 A The B By C To D Which
8 A For B The C By D Which
9 A In B That C To D As
1 A When B The C Which D Those
0
1 A By B An C This D For
1
1 A In B But C With D The
2
1 A As B By C Off D A
3
1 A An B With C Off D Those
4
1 A In B But C Of D The
5
1 A The B By C Off D A
6
1 A An B With C Of D Those
7
1 A In B But C With D An
8
1 A As B By C But D A
9

Exercise 18

The Maginot Line was one of 1.______ largest military structures ever built,
second only to the Great Wall of China. It was a series 2. ______ bunkers,
forts, turrets, and obstacles 3. ______ spanned more than 450 miles of
France's border with Germany. Built between 1930 and 1940, it was one of
the world's most impressive forts, yet it proved 4. ______ be almost useless.
The Maginot Line was named after the man 5. ______ argued for its
construction, French Minister of War André Maginot. André Maginot had

16
fought 6. ______ the French against the Germans in 7. ______ First World
War. Much of 8. ______ conflict took place along the Western Front, which
was a line of trenches across 9. ______ the two sides faced one another. Both
sides dug in deep and each lost many men over little ground. Conditions
were horrid 10. ______ all and there was a stalemate for many years 11.
______ neither side was able to move 12. ______ other.

1 A For B The C By D To
2 A This B To C Of D How
3 A That B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C To D That
5 A Who B Since C Those D To
6 A Which B A C Whole D With
7 A The B By C To D Which
8 A For B This C By D Which
9 A Which B That C To D As
1 A When B The C For D Those
0
1 A By B An C This D As
1
1 A In B But C With D The
2

Exercise 19

Some call it the "Hermit Kingdom." It is a place 1.______ the outside world has
been walled off. American pop music is illegal here and you can get executed
2. ______ watching soap operas. This is not a make-believe world in 3. ______
science fiction novel. It's a 46,000 square mile nation hanging 4. ______ the
east coast of China. It is one of 5. ______ poorest nations in the world and it is
armed 6. ______nuclear weapons. It is North Korea. Immediately to the south
lies a nation with one 7. ______ the world's richest economies. About one-
third of all phones and TVs are made here. The people of 8. ______nation are
among the world's most educated. Unemployment is low, job security is high,
9. ______workers in this nation enjoy the highest salaries in Asia. It is South
Korea. The people of 10.______nation share origins with their northern
neighbor, 11.______ they have since grown far apart.

1 A For B The C By D Where

2 A This B To C For D How
3 A A B Unless C With D Of
4 A As B And C Off D That

17
 5 A The B Since C Those D To
6 A Which B A C Whole D With
7 A The B By C Of D Which
8 A For B This C By D Which
9 A Which B And C To D As
1 A When B The C For D This
0
1 A By B But C This D As
1

Exercise 20

The city 1._____ Łódź in Poland was another unremarkable industrial city until
2. _____ few years ago. In 2009,3. _____ organisation called the Urban Forms
Foundation was set up by a well-known art historian and an actress. Their
idea was 4. _____ bring the tired urban landscape to life again.
The Foundation planned an art project 5. _____ would change the city’s
image and regenerate the centre, and presented it to the city council. It
wanted the council to ask street artists to paint on walls around the city
centre 6. _____ a permanent outdoor exhibition. The mayor of the city
supported the idea and the Foundation was given permission to go 7. _____
and raise the money needed. Famous street artists from all over 8. _____
world were invited by the Foundation to come to Poland to work, including Os
Gemeos 9. _____ Brazil, Aryz from Spain 10. _____ Remed from France, as
well as local talent like M-City and Etam Cru. In total, artists from eight
countries took part 11. _____ the project over the next few years, and more
than twenty huge murals were created 12. _____ the sides of buildings in
public spaces.
1 A For B The C Of D Where
2 A This B To C For D A
3 A A B On C With D Of
4 A To B And C Off D That
5 A The B Since C That D To
6 A Which B As C Whole D With
7 A The B By C Of D Ahead
8 A The B This C By D Which
9 A Which B And C To D From
1 A When B And C For D This
0
1 A By B But C This D In
1
1 A On B A C Whole D With
2

18
Exercise 21

The debate in the USA 1._______ whether to start school later has been
running 2. ____ many years. Ask any American teenager arriving at school 3.
_______ 7.30 a.m. and they will tell you that it’s difficult to memorise
chemical formulae or lists of vocabulary 4. _______ early in the morning. Is it
just laziness, or is there 5. _______ biological reason for this? Studies by
scientists in the UK show 6. _______ teenagers naturally want to go to bed
about two hours later than adults and also get up later. 7. _______ trend
begins at about the age 8. _______thirteen and continues right through the
teenage years. The scientists conclude that students inevitably feel tired 9.
_______ the morning and will therefore perform worse 10. _______school
before lunch.

1 A For B About C Of D Where

2 A This B To C For D A
3 A At B On C With D Of
4 A To B And C Off D So
5 A A B Since C That D To
6 A Which B As C That D With
7 A The B By C Of D This
8 A The B Of C By D Which
9 A Which B And C In D From
1 A At B And C For D This
0

Exercise 22

Crossing the new Millennium Bridge 1._____ the first time in June 2000, the
people of London got 2. _____ more thrilling journey to work than they
expected. 3. _____ they passed over the River Thames, the footbridge started
to swing. It was a beautiful, elegant bridge, designed especially 4. _____ the
new century. Unfortunately, the designers hadn’t calculated the effect 5.
_____ thousands of people walking on it at the same time. 6. _____ it wasn’t
particularly dangerous, the bridge was very wobbly, especially 7. _____ it was
windy. It had to be closed for nearly two years 8. _____ the design was
modified, at great expense.

1 A For B About C Of D Where

2 A This B To C For D A
3 A At B As C With D Of
4 A To B For C Off D So

19
 5 A A B Of C That D To
6 A Althoug B As C That D With
h
7 A The B When C Of D This
8 A The B While C By D Which

Exercise 23

Crime prevention software called PredPol helps the police predict 1._____
crimes are likely to occur. The softwave analyses years 2. _____ data on the
location, time and nature of crimes committed 3. _____ predicts where and
when crime is most likely to occur in the future. Police officers receive 4.
_____ information on the computers in their cars and they then spend more
time in 5. _____ areas. As a result, the increased police presence in these
neighbourhoods has cut crime significantly. Crime figures for one area of Los
Angeles, USA, were reduced 6. _____ 12% in 2011 when police officers used
crime prediction software. In 7. _____ same year, burglaries were cut by 26%
8. _____ Manchester, UK, using the same methods.

1 A For B About C Where D Where

2 A This B Of C For D A
3 A And B As C With D Of
4 A To B For C This D So
5 A A B These C That D To
6 A Althoug B As C That D By
h
7 A The B When C Of D This
8 A The B While C In D Which

Exercise 24

This announcement1.______ 1934 supposedly scared a million Americans 2.

______ believing that thousands of their fellow citizens were fighting 3. ______
their lives against giant aliens. It came from a radio play, read 4. ______
Orson Welles, that was based on HG Wells’s famous 1898 novel The War of
the Worlds, and it has become 5. ______ American media legend. However,
6. ______ we all know, legends are rarely based on the truth.
The arrival of the radio in the 1930s provided people with an exciting new
channel of communication – 7, ______ it also provided newspapers with
unwanted competition. Throughout the decade, more and more people had
come to rely on the radio for news, and newspapers had been losing income

20
8. ______ advertising. In addition, many people were worried 9. ______ its
possible use as a form of mind control. The War of the Worlds gave
newspapers the perfect excuse to exploit these fears 10. ______ attack their
rival as irresponsible. The day after 11. ______ play was broadcast,
newspaper front pages claimed the radio play had caused panic across the
country, 12. ______ people rioting and even committing suicide.

1 A For B About C In D Where

2 A Into B Of C For D A
3 A And B As C For D Of
4 A To B By C This D So
5 A An B These C That D To
6 A Althoug B As C That D By
h
7 A The B When C Of D But
8 A The B From C In D Which
9 A The B About C Of D But
1 A And B As C For D And
0
1 A The B As C For D Of
1
1 A And B With C For D Of
2

Exercise 25

South Korea is one 1._____ the world’s most successful economies, having
seen five consecutive decades of high economic growth. 2. _____ faced with
adversity, South Koreans change direction quickly 3. _____ effectively.
Despite the frantic economic growth, South Korean society is still very
conservative and conformist due 4. _____ the influence of Confucian values.
Companies are hierarchical and regimented and ‘face’ is very much valued.
Consequently, change can sometimes be slow and painful. Managers are
paternalistic, authoritative figures 5. _____ expect their instructions to be
carried out obediently and respectfully. 6. _____return, they give their
subordinates support and help, not only in work issues but in home issues as
well. Group harmony is important, 7. _____ South Koreans avoid confrontation
and blame, especially among people 8. _____equal rank. Friendship is
therefore vital 9. _____ business success. The Korean saying 'make a friend
first and a client second' sums 10. _____ up exactly.

1 A For B About C In D Of

21
 2 A Into B When C For D A
3 A And B As C For D Of
4 A To B By C This D So
5 A An B Who C That D To
6 A In B As C That D By
7 A The B When C Of D So
8 A The B Of C In D Which
9 A To B About C Of D But
1 A And B This C For D And
0

Exercise 26

Australia has 1.____ relatively small population in relation to its vast size. Its
geographic isolation and its small domestic market mean that international
trade is essential 2. ____ guarantee future prosperity. Increasingly, 3. ____ is
done in countries in Asia rather than Commonwealth countries. Australian
managers are not considered to have superior status to other workers. Their
jobs are just different. Authoritative management styles are not appreciated
among Australians workers. 4. ____, managers adopt a more consultative and
inclusive style 5. ____ encourages open debate. Challenging superiors is
acceptable, indeed it is a sign of commitment and professionalism. Outsiders
may consider such dialogues confrontational, 6. ____ Australians regard
them as effective ways to communicate ideas. Australian managers like to
be seen as ‘one 7. ____ the boys’ and they are more likely to socialise 8. ____
their team than segregate themselves 9. ____ just mix with other managers.

1 A A B About C In D Where
2 A Into B To C For D A
3 A And B As C This D Of
4 A To B Instea C This D So
d
5 A Which B These C That D To
6 A Althoug B As C But D By
h
7 A The B Of C Of D But
8 A The B From C In D With
9 A And B About C Of D But

Exercise 27

22
In 1._____ last half century, Britain, like many industrialised countries, has
moved away 2. _____ heavy engineering towards service and high-tech
industries. With this has come a major shift in management style.
Hierarchical systems have been swept aside and replaced3. _____ modern
business models, heavily influenced by the US. The ‘job for life’ is rare.
Neither managers nor junior workers expect 4. _____ climb the corporate
ladder within one company; rather, they manage their own career paths by
progressing from company to company. Such short-termism can be
frustrating 5. _____ outsiders. British managers tend to be generalists rather
than specialists, and are not necessarily the most technically competent
person in 6. _____ team. Instead, they are expected to have the necessary
interpersonal skills to ensure the team works together effectively. They
cultivate a close and humorous relationship 7. _____ subordinates, 8. _____
may be considered too soft. Giving direct orders can be seen 9. _____
impolite, so managers often make indirect requests rather than explicit
instructions, 10. _____ is sometimes confusing 11. _____ non-British people.

1 A For B About C In D The

2 A Into B When C From D A
3 A And B By C For D Of
4 A To B By C This D So
5 A An B Who C For D To
6 A The B As C That D By
7 A The B When C With D So
8 A The B Of C In D Which
9 A As B About C Of D But
1 A And B This C Which D And
0
1 A For B About C of D A
1

Exercise 28

She knew the street backwards, 1.____ course. How many times had she
been dragged 2. ____ it as a child by the wrist, whining and snivelling,
always wishing she were somewhere else? Now she had no desire to be
anywhere 3. ____ here. This bustling traffic, these fuming buses, 4. ____
chipped paving stones and boarded-up shop fronts, they were hers. Here,
she would grow from defiant teenager to independent woman. When she
was 5. ____ old woman, she would gaze 6. ____ over the lawns and say ‘Ah,
Knox Road, that’s where I really came into my own’.

23
Number 126 was only 7. ____ short walk from the bus stop, and she heaved
her multiple bags onto her shoulders and trudged off, trying to maintain the
elation 8. ____ the straps dug 9. ____ the flesh of her neck and fingers.
Number 126 was set back slightly from the main road, with a concrete path
and weed-patch 10. ____ the front. The window frames were rotten and the
paint chippe Holly tried not to min It was 11. ____ was inside that counted,
after all. The coming-together of six individuals from diverse backgrounds.
discussing politics, culture and art late into the night, sharing ideas, recipes,
milk, shower gel and lovers – that would be what she’d look back on of
course, not the paintwork. 12. ____ the absence of either a bell or knocker,
she rapped firmly on the door.

1 A For B About C Of D The

2 A Into B Up C From D A
3 A But B By C For D Of
4 A To B These C This D So
5 A An B Who C For D On
6 A The B Out C That D By
7 A The B A C With D So
8 A The B Of C In D As
9 A As B Into C Of D But
1 A At B This C Which D And
0
1 A For B What C of D A
1
1 A At B In C Which D And
2

Exercise 29

Local governments have had to take 1.____ a new responsibility; that of

ensuring that people stay fit and healthy. Birmingham council is already hot
on the case. 2. ____ the past few years they have been encouraging local
residents to enrol 3. ____ the Be active scheme, which allows them to use
local leisure services completely free of charge.
Participants must register to obtain 4. ____ membership card. They can then
use the facilities in leisure centres across the city at certain times 5. ____ the
day.
29 leisure centres are signed 6. ____ to the scheme. Each leisure centre
must offer a minimum of one hour of swimming time and an hour of gym
time to Be Active members. 7. ____ reality, in some establishments in 8.
____ more deprived areas, 70% of opening hours are reserved for Be Active

24
members. Exercise classes and badminton courts are also made available 9.
____ top of the standard facilities. Be Active classes are also being provided
10. ____ schools and community centres. There are guided bike rides, and
even proposals to roll out activities in public spaces such 11. ____ rounders
games in parks, and buggy pushes 12. ____ new mothers.
1 A For B On C Of D The
2 A For B Up C From D A
3 A But B By C On D Of
4 A To B A C This D So
5 A An B Who C Of D On
6 A Up B Out C That D By
7 A The B A C In D So
8 A The B Of C In D As
9 A As B Into C Of D On
1 A In B This C Which D And
0
1 A For B As C of D A
1
1 A At B For C Which D And
2

Exercise 30

The plates are 1._____ very slow but constant motion, so that seen from
above, the Earth's surface might look like a slowly moving spherical jigsaw
puzzle. The plates move 2. _____ rates of 2 to 15 cm or several inches in a
year, 3. _____ as fast as our fingernails grow. On a human scale, 4. _____ is a
rate of movement that only the most sophisticated instruments can detect.
But on the scale of geological time, it's a dizzying speed. 5. _____ this rate,
those almost-four-billion-year old rocks could have traveled all the way
around the Earth eleven times.The movement of 6. _____ plates is generally
one of three kinds: spreading, colliding or sliding. When plates are spreading,
or separating 7. _____ each other, we call their movement divergent. 8. _____
they are colliding, or pushing each other, we call the movement convergent.
Movement in 9. _____plates slide past each other is called lateral (or

25
transform) plate movement. Earthquakes can accompany each 10. _____the
three types of movement.

1 A In B On C Of D The
2 A For B At C From D A
3 A But B By C About D Of
4 A To B A C This D So
5 A At B Who C Of D On
6 A Up B Out C The D By
7 A From B A C In D So
8 A The B Of C When D As
9 A As B Which C Of D On
1 A In B This C Which D Of
0

Exercise 31

For centuries, the common view 1.____ how domestication had occurred was
that prehistoric people, realizing 2. ____ useful it would be to have captive
herds of food animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them.
Over time, 3. ____ allowing only animals with "tame" characteristics 4. ____
mate and produce offspring, human beings created animals that were less
wild and more dependent 5. ____ people. Eventually this process led to the
domestic farm animals and pets that we know today, many of 6. ____ would
fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient survival skills and
instincts. Recent research suggests 7. ____ this view of domestication is
incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild
animals, 8. ____ those species became tamer over time (they generally
changed physically, too, developing larger bodies and smaller brains than
their wild cousins). 9. ____ specialists in animal behavior now think that
domestication was not simply something people did to animals - the animals
played 10. ____ active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, 11. ____
example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by

26
hanging around human settlements, feeding 12. ____ people's garbage and
crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals
that were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring
that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame
them.

1 A In B On C Of D The
2 A For B How C From D A
3 A But B By C About D Of
4 A To B A C This D So
5 A At B Who C Of D Upon
6 A Up B Which C The D By
7 A That B A C In D So
8 A The B Of C And D As
9 A But B Which C Of D On
1 A In B This C Which D An
0
1 A But B For C Of D On
1
1 A But B Which C Of D On
2

Exercise 32

Constellations are patterns of stars in 1.____ sky. Over many thousands of

years, human beings living on the Earth have looked 2. ____ and seen the
shapes of people, animals and everyday objects - they 'joined the dots' of
the stars to 3. ____ patterns in the sky. They gave these shapes names, some
of which we still use today. 4. ____ why did they bother with constellations at
all? One reason is 5. ____ having constellations makes it easier to find your
way around the sky. 6. ____ is useful for finding north, or working 7. ____ the
date or the time. When there were no compasses, clocks 8. ____ watches,
this was all very important.

There is another reason 9. ____ constellations were so important. Imagine

going back to a time before paper and pencil had been invented. Life was

27
sparse. 10. ____you wanted to draw a picture, you had to scratch it out on a
dark cave wall or write it in sand11. ____ could blow away. But at night an
amazing pattern of bright specks of light would appear above your head. 12.
____ joining the dots you could see almost any picture you wanted. You could
imagine seeing your favourite shapes in the sky.

1 A In B On C Of D The
2 A Up B How C From D A
3 A But B By C From D Of
4 A But B A C This D So
5 A At B Who C Of D That
6 A Up B This C The D By
7 A Out B A C In D So
8 A The B Or C And D As
9 A But B Which C Why D On
1 A If B This C Which D An
0
1 A But B For C That D On
1
1 A But B Which C Of D By
2

Exercise 33

So who made 1.______ the constellations and their names? The earliest
people on the Earth were hunters and gatherers. They looked up into the sky
and saw shapes 2. ______ were important to them - like Orion the Hunter.
Much later in human history, English farmers looked up into the sky and saw
the shape 3. ______ a Plough. Russian peasants, looking 4. ______ the same
group of stars, called it Ursa Major or The Great Bear. People 5. ______
France called it Le Casserole meaning the Saucepan. People in the USA
called it 6. ______ Big Dipper meaning a soup ladle. All of 7. ______ different
names are used today. The only people who have decided on one set of
names for the constellations are the astronomers. 8. ______ example, they
always call the Plough 'Ursa Major', and never any of the other names. They

28
had to do this 9. ______ that they all knew what other astronomers across
the world were talking about. The stars in a constellation have nothing to do
with each other; they can be very, very far apart, even if they appear 10.
______ be right next to each other in the sky. Imagine looking 11. ______
while standing in a street. You might see your hand next to a street light,
which is next to the Moon, which is next 12. ______ a planet, which is next to
a star.

1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A Up B How C From D That
3 A But B By C From D Of
4 A But B At C This D So
5 A In B Who C Of D That
6 A Up B This C The D By
7 A these B A C In D So
8 A The B Or C For D As
9 A But B Which C Why D So
1 A If B This C To D An
0
1 A Up B For C That D On
1
1 A But B To C Of D By
2

Exercise 34

If you can read a clock, you can know 1._____ time of day. But no one knows
what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it.
We know it only 2. _____ the way we mark its passing. 3. _____ all our success
in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great
mysteries of the universe. One way4. _____ think about time is to imagine 5.
_____ world without time. There could be no movement, because time and
movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only 6.
_____ long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We
know that time has passed when something changes. 7. _____the real world,
the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in

29
8. _____ while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like
the rising and setting of 9. _____ sun. Humans always have noted natural
events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events,
they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes 10.
_____ seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in
the sky. The most easily seen result 11. _____ these movements was the
difference 12. _____ light and darkness.

1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A By B How C From D That
3 A But B By C For D Of
4 A To B At C This D So
5 A In B Who C A D That
6 A Up B This C The D As
7 A these B A C In D So
8 A A B Or C For D As
9 A But B The C Why D So
1 A If B That C To D An
0
1 A Up B For C Of D On
1
1 A Betwee B To C Of D By
2 n

Exercise 35

People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than 1.______
winter. They counted the days that passed 2. ______ the sun's highest
position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and
sixty-five days. We now know 3. ______ is the time Earth takes 4. ______
move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year.

Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved 5______ the night
sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why
did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to 6.
______ questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces 7. ______

30
the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright 8. ______
round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans
counted the number 9. ______ times the sun appeared between full moons.
They learned that this number always remained the same, 10. ______
twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know 11.
______ period of time 12. ______ one month.

1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A By B How C From D That
3 A That B By C For D Of
4 A To B At C This D So
5 A In B Across C A D That
6 A Up B These C The D As
7 A these B A C In D Of
8 A And B Or C For D As
9 A But B The C Of D So
1 A If B About C To D An
0
1 A Up B For C Of D This
1
1 A Betwee B As C Of D By
2 n

Exercise 36

Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved 1._____
groups or tribes from place to place in search 2. _____ food. Then, people
learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help
them work, and 3. _____ food. They found they no longer needed to move 4.
_____ one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way
to measure time. 5. _____ farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time
to harvest them 6. _____ winter. They had to know when the seasons would
change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows 7. _____
the first calendar was developed. 8. _____ it seems possible that it was
based on moons, or lunar months.When people started farming, 9. _____

31
wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They
gathered enough information 10. _____ they could know when 11. _____
seasons would change. They announced 12. _____ it was time to plant crops.

1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A By B How C Of D That
3 A That B By C For D Of
4 A From B At C This D So
5 A In B Across C A D As
6 A Before B These C The D As
7 A these B When C In D Of
8 A And B Or C But D As
9 A But B The C Of D So
1 A If B The C To D So
0
1 A Up B For C Of D This
1
1 A Betwee B When C Of D By
2 n

Exercise 37

it is perhaps the most reproduced, recycled and ripped 1.____ image of the
20th Century. Che Guevara, his eyes framed 2. ____ heavy brows, a single-
starred beret pulled over his unruly hair, stares out of the shot with
glowering intensity. It's now more 3. ____ 50 years since the Argentine-born
rebel was shot dead, 4. ____ any young radicals who cheered on his
revolutionary struggles 5. ____ Cuba and Bolivia are well into middle age.
But the image has been infinitely repeated - emblazoned on T-shirts and
sprayed 6. ____ to walls, transformed 7. ____ pop art and used to wrap ice-
creams and sell cigarettes - and its appeal has not faded. "There is no other
image like it. What other image has been sustained in this way?" asks Trisha
Ziff, the curator 8. ____ a touring exhibition on the iconography of Che. "Che
Guevara has become a brand. And the brand's logo is the image, 9. ____

32
represents change. It has becomes the icon of the outside thinker, 10. ____
whatever level - whether it is anti-war, pro-green or anti-globalisation," she
says.

1 A In B up C Off D The
2 A By B How C Of D That
3 A That B Than C For D Of
4 A From B At C This D So
5 A In B Across C A D As
6 A Before B On C The D As
7 A Into B When C In D Of
8 A And B Of C But D As
9 A Which B The C Of D So
1 A At B The C To D So
0

Exercise 38

The unchecked proliferation of 1._____ picture - based 2. _____ a photograph

by Alberto Korda in 1960 - is partly due 3. _____ a political choice by Korda
and others not to demand payment for non-commercial use of the image. Jim
Fitzpatrick, who produced the ubiquitous high-contrast drawing in the late
1960s 4. _____ a young graphic artist, said he actively wanted his art 5. _____
be disseminated.

"I deliberately designed it to breed like rabbits," he says 6. _____ his image,
which removes the original photograph's shadows and volume to create a
stark 7. _____ emblematic graphic portrait. "I was determined that the image
should receive the broadest possible circulation," he adds. For Ms Ziff, Che
Guevara's murder also marks the beginning of the mythical image. "The birth
of the image happens 8. _____ the death of Che in October 1967," she says.
"He was good-looking, he was young, but more than that, he died 9. _____
his ideals, so he automatically becomes an icon." The story of the original
photograph, of how it left Cuba and was carried 10. _____ admirers to Europe

33
before being reinterpreted in Mr Fitzpatrick's iconic drawing, is a fascinating
journey 11. _____ its own right. Alberto Korda captured his famous frame 12.
_____ 5 March 1960 during a mass funeral in Havana.

1 A In B up C Off D The
2 A By B How C On D That
3 A To B Than C For D Of
4 A From B At C This D As
5 A In B To C A D As
6 A Of B On C The D As
7 A Into B When C In D And
8 A At B Of C But D As
9 A Which B For C Of D So
1 A By B The C To D So
0
1 A To B Than C In D Of
1
1 A From B On C This D As
2

Exercise 39

One man 1._____ brought the image to Europe was the leftist Italian
intellectual, Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, who distributed posters 2. _____Italy in
1967. After that, Korda's photograph made an appearance in several
European magazines. Mr Fitzpatrick first came across a tiny version 3. _____
it in the German weekly. Only months later, when he finally got his hands on
a larger version of the photograph, was he able 4. _____ produce the image
that has such universal appeal. "I'd got 5. _____original copy of the image
sent to me 6. _____a guy involved with a group of Dutch anarchists, called
the Provo."

34
After Che Guevara's death, 7. _____ outraged Mr Fitzpatrick furiously
reprinted originals of the poster and sent it to left-wing political activist
groups across Europe. Part 8. _____ his fury stemmed from vivid memories
working behind a bar in Ireland 9. _____ a teenager, and seeing Che walk in.
The revolutionary was briefly exploring the homeland of his Irish ancestors
during a stopover 10. _____ a flight to Moscow.

1 A Who B up C Off D The

2 A By B Across C Of D That
3 A That B Than C For D Of
4 A From B To C This D So
5 A An B Across C A D As
6 A Before B On C By D As
7 A An B When C In D Of
8 A And B Of C But D As
9 A Which B The C Of D As
1 A At B On C To D So
0

Exercise 40

In the Himalayas there's 1. _____ old Sherpa saying that, "There is a Yeti in
the back of everyone's mind; only the blessed are not haunted 2. _____ it."
Many cultures have legends about solitary man-beasts, 3. _____ recorded
sightings in North America and Asia date back to the early 1800s. Despite
numerous sightings, photos and footprints 4. _____ often questionable origin,
there has never been conclusive proof 5. _____ these creatures exist. No
droppings, no bones, no hair and no bodies found - alive 6. _____ dead. And
this week, geneticists at the University of Alberta are putting the legend to 7.
_____ test as they scrutinise hair alleged to have come 8. _____ Bigfoot. The
results are due 9. _____ Thursday. The hair was collected by residents in
Teslin, Yukon, who claim to have found it in 10. _____ massive footprint left
behind by a 3m-tall human-like creature 11. _____ walked through their
gardens earlier 12. _____ month.

35
 1 A An B up C Of D The
2 A By B How C From D That
3 A That B By C For D And
4 A To B Of C This D So
5 A In B Across C A D That
6 A Up B Or C The D As
7 A A B A C In D Of
8 A And B Or C From D As
9 A On B The C Of D So
1 A If B About C A D An
0
1 A Which B For C Of D This
1
1 A Betwee B This C Of D By
2 n

Exercise 41

Regardless 1._____ his findings, the myth of Bigfoot does not need hard facts
2. _____ persist. The creatures are real enough to those 3. _____ say they
have spotted them, but opinion is divided on the nature of 4. _____ beast.
Some say it is flesh-and-blood; others, including various Native American
tribes, believe it to be a spirit being 5. _____ appears to humans in times of
crisis. Ralph Gray Wolf, an Athapaskan Indian from Alaska, has told reporters
that Sasquatch makes appearances to help troubled communities "get more
in tune 6. _____ Mother Earth", bringing a message that there is a need to
change.Nor are such creatures confined to the vast, isolated tracts 7. _____
land in North America and Asia - in the UK, such legends date back centuries.
Two years ago, investigators and the media descended on Bolam Lake, near
Newcastle, following a spate of sightings of 8. _____ tall, shadowy figure over
the previous 18 months. 9. _____ their week in the wooded, lakeside park, six
10. _____ the party spotted the so-called Beast of Bolam. Richard Freeman,

36
of the Centre 11. _____ Fortean Zoology centre, says one of his colleagues
was among 12. _____ witnesses.

1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A To B How C From D That
3 A That B Who C For D Of
4 A To B At C This D The
5 A Which B Across C A D That
6 A Up B With C The D As
7 A these B A C In D Of
8 A A B Or C For D As
9 A But B The C In D So
1 A If B Of C To D An
0
1 A Up B For C Of D This
1
1 A The B As C Of D By
2

Exercise 42

People in 1. ----- Himalayas have talked about "yetis" for a long time. 2. -----
does the Yeti really exist? That’s what explorer Chris Bonnington wanted 3.
---- discover. He went to climb the Menhungtse, a mountain in the
Himalayas. But he also went to search for the yeti. There were four other
climbers with him, plus three TV men 4.-----two journalists. They were hoping
to find the yeti too. Well, they certainly found something, but was it a Yeti ?

First 5. ---- all, what is a yeti? Himalayan people say there are two
sorts of yeti. Both are big — about two metres high — and both can walk on
two legs. One (the smaller yeti) eats humans !!! But the larger yeti prefers
yaks (similar to big black hairy cows). 6. ----- yeti doesn’t live in the snow, 7.
----- in the thick Himalayan forest. It goes to snowy regions to eat a plant 8.
----- contains salt.
9. ----- is the legend. It is easy to say that the yeti is no more than a
legend. 10.---, people have discovered other evidence

37
 1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A But B How C From D That
3 A That B To C For D Of
4 A To B At C This D And
5 A In B Across C Of D That
6 A Up B These C The D As
7 A But B A C In D Of
8 A And B Which C For D As
9 A That B The C Of D So
1 A If B About C Howeve D An
0 r
1 A Up B For C Of D This
1
1 A Betwee B As C Of D By
2 n

Exercise 43

While eating at 1. ---- restaurant is an enjoyable and convenient occasional

treat, most individuals 2. ----- families prepare their meals at home. To make
breakfast, lunch, and dinner daily, 3. ----- persons must have the required
foods and ingredients on hand and ready to go; foods and ingredients are
typically purchased 4. ----- a grocery store, or an establishment that
distributes foods, drinks, household products, and other items that're used 5.
----- the typical consumer.
Produce, or the term used to describe fresh fruits and vegetables, is
commonly purchased by grocery store shoppers. In terms of fruit, most
grocery stores offer bananas, apples, oranges, blackberries, raspberries,
grapes, pineapples, cantaloupes, watermelons, and more; other grocery
stores with larger produce selections might offer the listed fruits in addition
6. ----- less common fruits, including mangoes, honeydews, starfruits,
coconuts, and more.
Depending 7. ----the grocery store, customers can purchase fruits in 8. -----
few different ways. Some stores will charge a set amount per pound of fruit,
and will weigh customers' fruit purchases and bill them accordingly; other
stores will charge customers for each piece of fruit they buy, or for bundles
of fruit (a bag of bananas, a bag of apples, etc.); other stores yet will simply
charge 9. ---- the container.
Vegetables, including lettuce, corn, tomatoes, onions, celery, cucumbers,
mushrooms, and more are also sold at many grocery stores, and are

38
purchased similarly to the way 10. ---- fruits are. Grocery stores typically
stock more vegetables than fruit at any given time, as vegetables remain
fresh longer than fruits do, generally speaking.
It'd take quite a while to list everything else that today's massive grocery
stores sell, 11. ---- most customers take the opportunity to shop for staples,
or foods that play a prominent role in the average diet, at the
establishments. Staples include pasta, rice, flour, sugar, milk, meat, and
eggs, and bread. All the listed staples are available in prepackaged
containers, but can be purchased "fresh" in some grocery stores, wherein
employees will measure 12. ---- weigh fresh products and then provide them
to customers.

1 A A B up C Of D The
2 A By B How C From D And
3 A That B These C For D Of
4 A To B At C From D So
5 A In B By C A D That
6 A To B These C The D As
7 A these B A C In D On
8 A And B A C For D As
9 A But B The C By D So
1 A That B About C To D An
0
1 A Up B For C But D This
1
1 A And B As C Of D By
2

Exercise 44

Some of 1. ---- most important landmarks in the United States include feats
of architecture and modern engineering. San Francisco, California, is 2. ----
beautiful city on its own, but it is also home to The Golden Gate Bridge, a 1.7
mile suspension bridge connecting the San Francisco Peninsula to the Marin
Headlands. The bridge holds the title of one 3. ----the Wonders of the Modern
World according 4. ----- the American Society of Civil Engineers.
One of the most popular ways to appreciate the bridge is to take 5. -----
excursion to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area just outside of San
Francisco. The park contains hiking trails, great spots for picnicking, and
offers some of the best vantage points for panoramic photographs of the
bridge leading 6. ----- the city.

39
David recently had some friends visit him in San Francisco, and he made
sure to include a visit to the recreation area 7. ------ part of their tour. They
enjoyed walking through the trails, observing some of the native wildlife, and
even having a casual picnic in the park. David’s friends were thankful that he
guided them 8. ----- this impressive area of California. They made sure to
take a group photograph 9.----- the Golden Gate Bridge in the background.
David’s friends had the picture framed, and they later presented it to David
in order to thank him for his hospitality during their stay.
1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A By B A C From D That
3 A That B By C For D Of
4 A To B At C This D So
5 A In B Across C An D That
6 A Into B These C The D As
7 A these B As C In D Of
8 A through B Or C For D As
9 A But B The C Of D with

Exercise 45

When exploring New York City, there are several different options for
activities during a day trip. Some visitors come to see a show, visit art
museums, or simply to shop in many of the city’s high-end retailers.
However, many tourists simply come to New York City for 1. ----- sightseeing.
One 2. ----the most visited landmarks in New York City is the Empire State
Building.
The Empire State Building, constructed in 1931, is a 102-story skyscraper,
the ninth highest building in the world, 3. ------ the fourth tallest structure in
the United States. It is located in Midtown, Manhattan. This skyscraper is 4.
------iconic symbol of the city, having been featured in over 90 popular
movies (as of 2018) throughout film history. Tourists come from all 5. ------
the world to visit this building and view the city from its famous observation
decks.
Matthew, 6. ------ enthusiast of historic buildings, was excited for this trip to
New York City because he has always appreciated architectural design.
Matthew purchased a ticket 7. -----granted him access to beautiful 360-
degree views of the city. The ticket included 8.----- elevator ride that stopped
at two different vantage points, one at the 86th floor and the other at the
rooftop observatory 9.----- the 102nd floor. From these observation decks,
Matthew took incredible photographs of the entire New York City skyline. The
rooftop views granted Matthew perfect aerial perspectives of Central Park,

40
the Brooklyn Bridge, Times Square, the Statue of Liberty, 10.----- many other
important city landmarks.

1 A In B up C Of D The
2 A By B Of C From D That
3 A That B By C For D And
4 A An B At C This D So
5 A In B Across C Over D That
6 A An B These C The D As
7 A That B A C In D Of
8 A And B Or C An D As
9 A On B The C Of D So
1 A If B About C And D An
0

Exercise 46
Halloween (also referred to as All Hollows' Eve) is a holiday that's celebrated
in America on 31 October of each year, regardless of 1. ----- day of the week
this date falls on. Although it is rooted in religion, Halloween today is enjoyed
mainly 2. ------ of its decorations, costumes, candy, treats, and general
excitement, and furthermore, it is enjoyed 3. ----- most everyone.
Before Halloween, many individuals carve a design into 4. ----- orange-
colored pumpkin, or a solid, durable vegetable. Once a personally satisfying
design is carved, a lit candle is typically put inside a pumpkin, thereby
making it a Jack-O-Lantern. 5.----- night, this design lights up against 6.-----
darkness.
Besides carving pumpkins, some celebrate Halloween 7.----- putting
decorations up. Supernatural (referring in this case to non-natural creatures
that're typically based in fiction) figures, including vampires, ghosts,
werewolves, zombies, 8. ----- more, generally account for most of these
decorations. Bugs, spiders, cobwebs, gravestones, and anything else that
can be considered creepy (or unusual and possibly scary) can also be found
9. ---- Halloween, in decoration form.
Only some adults celebrate Halloween, and they generally do so by
attending parties. Inversely, the vast majority of children dress in costume
(Halloween costumes can be based upon anything, from the mentioned
supernatural creatures to the stars of today's films) and walk from door to
door in search of candy—a practice known 10. ----- trick or treat—on
Halloween. After knocking on a door (houses that participate in Halloween
usually leave a light on), one says, "Trick or Treat" and a piece (or pieces!) of
candy is given to him or her.

41
 1 A What B up C Of D The
2 A By B Becau C From D That
se
3 A That B By C For D Of
4 A To B At C This D On
5 A At B Across C A D That
6 A Up B These C The D As
7 A By B A C In D Of
8 A And B Or C For D As
9 A But B On C Of D So
1 A As B About C To D An
0

Exercise 47
Washington, D.C.
Yesterday, Stephen returned 1. ----- a trip to Washington, D.C., the capital of
the United States. His visit took place during the week prior to the Fourth of
July. Logically, there were many activities 2. ----- celebrations in town in
preparation 3 ------ independence Day. During his stay in the city, Stephen
visited a lot 4. --- important historical sites and monuments, and he left with
a deeper understanding of the political history of 5. ----- United States.
Stephen spent a lot of time outdoors exploring the important monuments
surrounding Capitol Hill. 6. ---- course, he saw the White House from its
outside gate at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Stephen also visited the
Washington Monument, the Jefferson Memorial, and the Lincoln Memorial.
These statues and pavilions are dedicated to former U.S. presidents. They
commemorate the contributions 7. ----- these leaders made throughout
American history. Washington, D.C. also has several war memorials
dedicated to fallen soldiers during the major wars of the 20th century.
Away from the Capitol Hill area, Washington, D.C. has many museums 8. -----
art galleries worth visiting. Stephen enjoyed his visit to Washington, D.C. 9.
------he learned a lot more about American history after touring each
important landmark.
1 A In B From C Of D The
2 A And B How C From D That
3 A That B By C For D Of
4 A Of B At C This D So
5 A In B The C A D That
6 A Up B These C Of D As
7 A these B That C In D Of
8 A And B Or C For D As
9 A But B The C Of D Becaus

42
 e

Exercise 48
It goes without saying 1. ------ humans (mammals identifiable as those that
stand upright and are comparatively advanced and capable of detailed
thought) have pretty remarkable bodies, given all that they've accomplished.
(Furthermore, an especially intelligent human brain produced this text!) To
be sure, humans have overcome predators, disease, 2. ----- all sorts of other
obstacles over thousands of years.
To fully understand and appreciate these accomplishments, let's take at
some of 3. ---- most well-known parts of the human body!
The head, or the spherical body part that contains the brain and rests 4.----
the top of the human body, has quite 5. ---- few individual organs and body
parts on it. (It should quickly be mentioned 6. ----- hair occupies the space on
top of the head, and the ears, the organs responsible for hearing, are located
7. ----- either side of the head.) From top to bottom, the eyebrows, or
horizontal strips of hair that can be found above the eye, are the first
components of the head. The eyes are below them, and are round, orb-like
organs 8. ----- allow humans to see.
The eyes make way for the nose, or 9. ----- external (sticking-out) organ that
plays an important part in the breathing and bacteria-elimination processes.
Below that is the mouth, or a wide, cavernous organ that chews food,
removes bacteria, helps with breathing, and more. The mouth
contains teeth, 10.----- small, white-colored, pointed body parts used to chew
food, and the tongue, or a red-colored, boneless organ used to chew food
and speak.
1 A In B That C Of D The
2 A And B How C From D That
3 A That B By C The D Of
4 A To B At C This D So
5 A In B Across C A D That
6 A That B These C The D As
7 A these B A C In D On
8 A And B Or C That D As
9 A An B The C Of D So
1 A If B Or C To D An
0

Exercise 49

43
Christmas 2020 is going to be different. Covid-19 is changing 1.--- way we
live, and in particular the way we celebrate. This year there will still be
Christmas puddings, roast turkey, 2. --- presents; but there will be fewer
parties, fewer holidays, fewer visits, and fewer celebrations. For some
people, it will be very different. Normally, Christmas is the biggest festival 3.
--- the year in Britain, and it has been like this for very many year.

The biggest festival in the year

Christmas is normally the biggest festival in the English year. Once the
festival lasted two days, today it seems to last almost two months. Christmas
Day, December 25th, is 4. ---- day when most people in Britain sit down to a
special meal of roast turkey and Christmas pudding; 5. ---- Christmas Day is
just the high point of the "Christmas period".
In the weeks before Christmas, life is very busy. There are parties; there
are trips to the cinema or the pantomime; and 6.---- course there's all the
shopping.
On Christmas day, Britain closes! 7.---- most people, Christmas is a time to
relax at last after many long and busy weeks. The presents have been
bought and sent, dozens of cards have been sent and received, the food is
waiting to be eaten. For two days at least (if not three or four, depending on
the year), the shops will be shut, and the postman will not deliver any letters.
For a day or two, even the trains stop running.
Nowadays, Britain's Christmas shopping season lasts almost four months!
The first Christmas catalogues come through letter-boxes at the start of
September!
Lots 8.----busy people like shopping online, 9. ----- it is easy. All they have
to do is choose from the pages of a colorful catalogue, or shop on the
Internet. A few days later, goods are delivered to the door..... or at least one
hopes they are. Some Internet shops work 24/24 in the weeks before
Christmas, to make sure that everyone gets their presents 10.----- time..

1 A In B That C Of D The
2 A And B How C From D That
3 A That B By C The D Of
4 A To B At C The D So
5 A In B But C A D That
6 A Of B These C The D As
7 A these B For C In D On
8 A Of B Or C That D As
9 A An B Becau C Of D So
se
1 A If B On C To D An

44
 0

Exercise 50

Christmas cards are a big tradition in the English-speaking world. In 2017,

people in Britain sent 1. ---- received about 900 million cards. That's
an average 2. ---- about twelve cards for every person, from tiny babies to
the oldest grandparents.
The number of cards 3. ---- are sent around Britain causes an
annual headache for the postal service. Each year, the postal service has
to take on seasonal staff to help with the extra mail, and postal sorting
offices are stretched to their maximum capacity and sometimes beyond it.

In 1994, the service handled about 1.6 billion cards! – about 25 cards per
person in Great Britain, including children!) In spite 4. ----
advertisements telling people to "Post Early for Christmas", few people get
round to sending off their cards before December 10th; 5. ---- from that point
on, the postal service slows down.
Until the age of faxes, emails and social media, the pre-Christmas period
often caused a lot of problems 6. ---- firms and industry, as "urgent" letters
and documents took several days to reach their destination 7. ----post,
slowed down by the mass of Christmas mail!
During the month of December in Britain, a house 8. ---- no Christmas cards
is like a pub with no beer; it just does not exist except possibly at the home
of a few radical non-Christians. For the most part, 9. -----, people of
all faiths and of no faith join in the tradition of celebrating Christmas as a
festival, whether they do so for religious reasons or not.
Christmas cards are 10. --- important part of the celebrations, and virtually
any British home one goes into around Christmas time is merrily decorated
not just with holly and mistletoe and paper decorations, 11. ----- also with a
display of Christmas cards, received from friends, family, neighbours,
employers and a variety of other people.
In some places, the number of Christmas cards people receive is seen 12.
--- a measure of their status among their friends and neighbours.

1 A And B That C Of D The

2 A And B How C Of D That
3 A That B By C The D Of
4 A To B At C This D Of
5 A In B And C A D That

45
 6 A That B These C For D As
7 A these B By C In D On
8 A With B Or C That D As
9 A An B Howev C Of D So
er
1 A An B Or C To D An
0
1 A these B But C In D On
1
1 A With B Or C That D As
2

Answers

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1.A 1.A 1.B 1.B 1.B 1.B 1.A
2.A 2.A 2.A 2.A 2.C 2.A 2.B
3.C 3.A 3.C 3.D 3.A 3.B 3.C
4.B 4.D 4.D 4.B 4.B 4.C 4.B
5.D 5.C 5.A 5.C 5.A 5.A 5.C
6.C 6.B 6.C 6.A 6.B 6.B 6.B
7.A 7.C 7.B 7.D 7.A 7.A 7.A
8.B 8.C 8.A 8.C 8.B 8.C 8.B

46
9.A 9.A 9.B 9.B 9.B 9.A 9.A
10.D 10.A 10.C 10.A 10.A 10.B 10.C
11.B 11.B 11.B 11.B 11.B 11.C 11.A
12.D 12.D 12.C 12.D 12.C 12.B 12.A

Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis

e8 e9 e 10 e 11 e 12 e 13 e 14 e 15
1.B 1.B 1.B 1.C 1.B 1.B 1.A 1.B
2.A 2.A 2. A 2.A 2.A 2.B 2.B 2.D
3.B 3.B 3.C 3.C 3.D 3.A 3.C 3.D
4.D 4.A 4.D 4.B 4.B 4.D 4.D 4.A
5.A 5.D 5. B 5.A 5.C 5.B 5.B 5.B
6.D 6.B 6. C 6.D 6.B 6.C 6.A 6.A
7.B 7.D 7. B 7.B 7.A 7.A 7.D 7.B
8.C 8.B 8. C 8.A B.C 8.A 8.C 8.D
9.B 9.D 9.B 9.C 9.D 9.D 9.D 9.C
10.C 10.B 10.D 10.B 10.B 10.C 10.B 10.B
11.A 11. C 11.C 11.D 11.A 11.B 11.A 11.C
12.B 12. B 12.B 12.A 12.B 12.C 12.A 12.B
13. A 13.B 13.A
14.D
15.A
16.B
17.C
18.A

Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis

e 16 e 17 e 18 e 19 e 20 e 21 e 22 e 23
1.B 1.B 1.B 1.D 1.C 1.B 1.A 1.C
2.C 2.D 2.C 2.C 2.D 2.C 2.D 2.B
3.A 3.A 3.A 3.A 3.B 3.A 3.B 3.A
4.D 4.C 4.C 4.C 4.A 4.D 4.B 4.C
5.C 5.D 5.A 5.D 5.C 5.A 5.B 5.B
6.A 6.B 6.D 6.D 6.B 6.C 6.A 6.D
7.D 7.D 7.A 7.C 7.D 7.D 7.B 7.A
8. B 8. A 8. B 8. B 8. A 8. B 8. B 8. C
9.B 9.C 9.A 9.B 9.D 9.C

47
10.C 10.B 10.C 10.D 10.B 10.A
11.A 11.D 11.D 11.B 11.D
12.B 12.A 12.D 12.A
13.D 13.B
14.B 14.A
15.C
16.A
17.C
18.D
19.C

Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis

e 24 e 25 e 26 e 27 e 28 e 29 e e 31
30
1.C 1.D 1.A 1.D 1.C 1.B 1.A 1.C
2.A 2.B 2.B 2.C 2.B 2.A 2.B 2.B
3.C 3.A 3.C 3.B 3.A 3.C 3.C 3.B
4.B 4.A 4.B 4.A 4.B 4.B 4.C 4.A
5.A 5.B 5.A 5.C 5.D 5.D 5.A 5.D
6.B 6.A 6.C 6.A 6.B 6.A 6.C 6.B
7.D 7.D 7.B 7.C 7.B 7.C 7.A 7.A
8. B 8. B 8. D 8. D 8. D 8. A 8. C 8. C
9.B 9.A 9.A 9.A 9.B 9.D 9.B 9.A
10.D 10.B 10.C 10.A 10.A 10.D 10.D
11.A 11.A 11.B 11.B 11.B
12.B 12.B 12.B 12.D

Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis

e 32 e 33 e 34 e 35 e 36 e 37 e 38 e 39
1.D 1.B 1.D 1.A 1.A 1.C 1.D 1.A
2.A 2.D 2.A 2.C 2.C 2.A 2.C 2.B
3.C 3.D 3.C 3.A 3.C 3.B 3.A 3.D
4.A 4.B 4.A 4.A 4.A 4.D 4.D 4.B
5.D 5.A 5.C 5.B 5.D 5.A 5.B 5.A
6.B 6.C 6.D 6.B 6.A 6.B 6.A 6.C
7.A 7.A 7.C 7.D 7.B 7.A 7.D 7.A
8. B 8. C 8. A 8. A 8. C 8. B 8. A 8. B
9.C 9.D 9.B 9.C 9.B 9.A 9.B 9.D
10.A 10.C 10.B 10.B 10.D 10.A 10.A 10.B
11.C 11.A 11.C 11.D 11.B 11.C
12.D 12.B 12.A 12.B 12.B 12.B

48
Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis Exercis
e 40 e 41 e 42 e 43 e 44 e 45 e 46 e 47
1.A 1.C 1.D 1.A 1.D 1.D 1.A 1.B
2.A 2.A 2.A 2.D 2.B 2.B 2.B 2.A
3.D 3.B 3.B 3.B 3.D 3.D 3.B 3.C
4.B 4.D 4.D 4.C 4.A 4.A 4.D 4.A
5.D 5.A 5.C 5.B 5.C 5.C 5.A 5.B
6.B 6.B 6.C 6.A 6.A 6.A 6.C 6.A
7.A 7.D 7.A 7.D 7.B 7.B 7.A 7.B
8. C 8. A 8. B 8. B 8. A 8. A 8. A 8. A
9.A 9.C 9.A 9.C 9.D 9.D 9.B 9.D
10.C 10.B 10.C 10.A 10.A
11.A 11.B 11.C
12.B 12.A 12.A

Exercise 48 Exercise 49 Exercise 50

1.B 1.D 1.A
2.A 2.A 2.C
3.C 3.D 3.A
4.B 4.C 4.D
5.C 5.B 5.B
6.A 6.A 6.C
7.D 7.B 7.B
8. C 8. A 8. A
9.A 9.B 9.B
10.B 10.B 10.A
11.B
12.D

49