DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORECOURSE - 2: INTRODUCTION TO

PROBABILITY

RDT DISTRIBL IIO\, HIBI|I1 ADPRI RI)|STLSOF DI!

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Course Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite

title Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria of the course
Code Practice (if any)
Class XI! NIL
Introduction
1 pass with
to
Mathematics
Probability
Learning Objectives
The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:
Familiarize students with the mathematical basis of probability theory.
Prepare students with important tools for statistical analyses at the undergraduate level.
Promote understanding through real-world statistical applications.

Learning Qutcomes
The Learning Outcomes of this course are as follows:
Familiarize with the
Understand the meaning of probability and probabilistic experiment.
axiomatic approach, use and
four approaches to probability theory and particularly. the results of other set
manipulate the four axioms of probability comfortably to derive the
operations.
understand the meaning
Understand and use addition and multiplicative laws of probabilily,
space, compute joint and
of conditional probability, conditioning, and reduced sample applications.
conditionalprobabilities. independence. total probability, Bayes' rule and independent and
Understand the concept of a random variable, differentiate between
discrete and continuous, random
uncorrelated random variables, distinguish between
mass, probability density. and
variables and be able to represent them using probability
20 | Pa ge

Univariate transformation and its

Cumulative distribution funcions. Acquaint with
application.
covariance in terms ol
Understand expectation and its properties, Compute variance and
expectation. Solve problems based on expectation and its properties.
 expectation).
based
Expectation
Mathematical
Expectation Unit properties,
4-
transformations. Measures
distributíons. of variables
Distribution
function, Unit-3
Random probability. Conditional
eventsProbability
Examples Laws ofUnit 2-
Axiomatic Definitions ofElementsofUnit Theory
outProbability:
Probability 1- SYLLABUS
union
of
on
- n
Expectation Continuous Pairwisebased definitionevents, and of
Univariate Introduction,
Variance of central function
dispersion,
tendency.
Examples Probability, intersection
Probability OF
random on
Examples DSC
and conditional
mutual and
random and
and transformation based 2
its variable properties, laws problems ofrandom
-
Covariance
properties. independence, Classical,
events.
variables
on based
probability of
and random based
addition Probability experiments,
on
is Discrete Statistical.
in of classical
variables, p.d.f, on
terms
properties randomskewness and
Bayes' and it.
illustrations random laws Matching of
of multiplication, occurrence sample
approach Limitations
expectation Continuous
variables, theorem of
(addition andvariables addition problems. space,
kurtosis and and
and of of
and and Examples
distribution properties and Classical
exactly events
- theorem repeated
its
their
multiplication for p.m.f., multiplication,
applications, m and
continuous definition.
properties, based discrete
of of trials. and
functions random algebra
total at
hours)(09 on hours)(15 hours)(09
Kolmogorov's least hours)(12
theoremn probability distribution independent
probabiliy.
Geometric Probability of
Examples univariate andvariables. m
events events.
their
of
 Practical-30 Hours

L0st of Pructicals:
defnition of probabllity
Problembased long run relative frequency to establish statjstlcal
2. Problem based on geometric probability.
21 P. !

distingulshable.
combinations when all objects are
3. Problem based on permutations and combinations when not all objects are different.
Problemn based on permutations and events out ol
of exactly m and at least m
4.
occurrence
5. Computation of probability related to
n events.
problems
6 Computalion of probabilities related to matchingaddition and multiplication laws.
Computation of conditional probabilities using
7
Theorem.
Problem related to application of Bayes variables and
8
distribution function of discrete and continuous random
9 Computation of
thereof.
calculations of probabilities of events distribution function of
function and
10. Graphical represcntation of probability
varlables.
discrete/continuous arbilrary random continuous random
expectation, variance and covariances of discrete as well as
I1. Finding
varlables as well as
covariances of linear function of discrete
12. Finding expectation, variance and
continuOus random variables.
two-dimensional random variable.
13. Constructing samnple space for

Essential Readings Vol. I, 8th

A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2016). Fundamentals of Statistics,
Goon,
Ed. The World Press, Kolkata.
An Outline of statistical theory, Vol. I,
Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Dasgupta, B. (2017).
The World Press, Kolkata.
of Mathenmatical Statistics, 12th Edn..
Gupta, S. C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2020). Fundamentals
S. Chand and Sons. Delhi.
Probability, 6th Ed., Pearson.
Ross, S.M. (2002). Afirst course in
Mathematical Statistics with Applications
Miller, L, and Miller, M. (2006). John E. Freund's
7th Ed. Pearson Education, Asia.

Suggestive Readings
Edn. Academic Press.
Chung, K.L. (2000). A Course in Probability Theory. 3rd
John Wiley.
Parzen, E. (1960). Modern probability theory and its applications.
Vol. I, 3rd Edn.
Feller, W. (1968) An introduction to probability theory and its applications.
John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
Co.
Blake, I. F. (1987), Introduction to Applied Probablity. Krieger Publishing

Note: Examination schemne and mnode shall be as prescribed by the Examination Branch.
University of Delhi, from time to time.