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Grade 11 STEM 4th Quarter Reviewer Basic Calculus

This document serves as a Grade 11 STEM reviewer for basic calculus, covering key concepts such as limits, derivatives, and integrals. It explains the importance of calculus, techniques for evaluating limits, and basic differentiation rules, along with their applications. The document also introduces the concept of integration as the reverse process of differentiation.

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jamnarag15
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2K views3 pages

Grade 11 STEM 4th Quarter Reviewer Basic Calculus

This document serves as a Grade 11 STEM reviewer for basic calculus, covering key concepts such as limits, derivatives, and integrals. It explains the importance of calculus, techniques for evaluating limits, and basic differentiation rules, along with their applications. The document also introduces the concept of integration as the reverse process of differentiation.

Uploaded by

jamnarag15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 11 STEM 4th Quarter Reviewer: Basic Calculus

I. Introduction to Calculus

1. Definition and Importance

 Calculus is the branch of mathematics that studies change.

 It has two main branches: Differential Calculus (concerned with


rates of change and slopes) and Integral Calculus (concerned with
accumulation and area under curves).

 Used in physics, engineering, economics, and data science.

II. Limits and Continuity

1. Concept of a Limit

 A limit describes the value a function approaches as the input


approaches a specific point.

 Notation: lim⁡x→af(x)=L\lim_{{x \to a}} f(x) = L

2. Techniques for Evaluating Limits

 Substitution Method

 Factoring and Cancellation

 Rationalization

 L'Hôpital’s Rule (for indeterminate forms like 00\frac{0}{0} or ∞∞\


frac{\infty}{\infty})

3. Continuity of a Function

 A function f(x)f(x) is continuous at x=ax = a if:

1. lim⁡x→a−f(x)=lim⁡x→a+f(x)\lim_{{x \to a^-}} f(x) = \lim_{{x \to


a^+}} f(x)

2. f(a)f(a) is defined.

3. The limit lim⁡x→af(x)\lim_{{x \to a}} f(x) exists and equals


f(a)f(a).

 Types of Discontinuities: Removable, Jump, and Infinite


III. Derivatives and Differentiation

1. Definition of a Derivative

 The derivative of f(x)f(x) is defined as: f′(x)=lim⁡h→0f(x+h)−f(x)hf'(x)


= \lim_{{h \to 0}} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}

 Represents the instantaneous rate of change or slope of the tangent


line.

2. Basic Differentiation Rules

 Power Rule: ddxxn=nxn−1\frac{d}{dx} x^n = nx^{n-1}

 Constant Rule: ddxC=0\frac{d}{dx} C = 0

 Constant Multiple Rule: ddx[cf(x)]=cf′(x)\frac{d}{dx} [c f(x)] = c


f'(x)

 Sum and Difference Rule: ddx[f(x)±g(x)]=f′(x)±g′(x)\frac{d}{dx}


[f(x) \pm g(x)] = f'(x) \pm g'(x)

 Product Rule: ddx[f(x)g(x)]=f′(x)g(x)+f(x)g′(x)\frac{d}{dx} [f(x) g(x)]


= f'(x) g(x) + f(x) g'(x)

 Quotient Rule: ddx[f(x)g(x)]=f′(x)g(x)−f(x)g′(x)g2(x)\frac{d}{dx} \


left[ \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right] = \frac{f'(x) g(x) - f(x) g'(x)}{g^2(x)}

 Chain Rule: ddxf(g(x))=f′(g(x))g′(x)\frac{d}{dx} f(g(x)) = f'(g(x)) g'(x)

3. Applications of Derivatives

 Finding tangent lines and normal lines

 Determining increasing and decreasing functions

 Identifying maxima and minima (First Derivative Test)

 Solving optimization problems

 Understanding velocity and acceleration in physics

IV. Integration and Antiderivatives

1. Definition of an Integral

 The integral is the reverse process of differentiation.


 Indefinite Integral (Antiderivative): ∫f(x)dx\int f(x) dx

 **Definite Int

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