Indian Facts

o India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres of the globe.

o Latitude – between 8°4′ N & 37°6′ N, from south to north.
o Longitude – between 68°7′ E & 97°25′ E, from west to east.
o Area
o 3.28 million square km.
o 1.9 million square miles
o It takes up about 2.4% of the total land area of the world.
o India is world's Seventh largest country. Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia
o Southern Part of country lies in Tropical Zone & Northern Part lies in sub-tropical
Zone

o Mainland of India extends from

o Kashmir to Kanyakumari - 3214 Kms
o Arunachal Pradesh to Gujarat - 2933 Kms.
o Land Border is about 15,200 km long.
o Including the Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands, Total Coast Line is 7517
km.
o Furthest Points
o Northernmost Point : Indira Col
o Southernmost Point : Indira Point [Submerged In 2004 Tsunami]
o Southern Tip in Mainland : Cape of Camorin [Kanyakumari]
o Easternmost Point : Kibitu [Arunachal Pradesh]
o Westernmost Point : Guhar Moti [Gujarat]

India’s Neighbors

 India’s Neighbors : Pakistan China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and

Bangladesh.
 Longest Boundary with : Bangladesh : 4096 Kms
 Shortest Boundary with : Afghanistan : 106 Kms
 Smallest Neighbouring Country
o Maldives – Sea border
o Bhutan – Land Border

Tropic of Cancer

 India is almost split into Two Halves by the Tropic of Cancer (23°30′ N).
 It runs through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Indian - Time Zone

o Standard Time of India is set by the Standard Meridian of India (82°30′ E)

o Standard Meridian of India goes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh
o Standard Meridian of India goes through Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
o Greenwich Mean Time is 5 hours and 30 minutes behind Indian Standard Time.
o There is a time lag of 2 hrs from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh
o India observes a time difference of 30 minutes between its easternmost and westernmost
points

India – States & Union Territories

 India have 28 states and 8 Union territories
 Largest State : Rajasthan
 Smallest State : Goa
 Largest Union Territory : Jammu & Kashmir
 Smallest Union Territory : Lakshadweep
 Largest District: Kuchch
 Smallest District: Mahe

Indian Geography - Physical Features

India is a big country with a lot of different kinds of landscapes, such as the mountains, plateaus,
plains, deserts, rivers, and a coast. These physical features contribute to the county’s scenic
beauty and also reflect on its geographic diversity. Here are a few of India's most important
natural features:

o The Himalayan Mountain Range: From Afghanistan to Bhutan, the Himalayas span a
distance of more than 2,400 kilometers. The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh are located inside the Indian
section of the Himalayas. Several of the tallest peaks in the world, including Mount
Everest (8,848 meters) and K2(8,611 meters), are found in this range. Many of India's
largest rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus, originate in the Himalayas.

o The huge alluvial plain known as the Indo-Gangetic Plain spans much of northern and
eastern India. It was created by millions of years of sedimentation from the Indus,
Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers. India's breadbasket, the plain is among the most fertile
areas on earth and produces items like rice, wheat, and sugarcane.

o Western Ghats: From Gujarat to Tamil Nadu, the Western Ghats, a mountain range, run
parallel to India's west coast for more than 1,600 kilometers. Many hill towns, wildlife
sanctuaries, and national parks can be found within the range. In addition, the Western
Ghats are one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and are home to a number of
indigenous plant and animal species.
 o Eastern Ghats: From Odisha to Tamil Nadu, the Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous line of
mountains that run parallel to India's eastern coast. The range has deeper valleys,
plateaus, and undulating hills but is lower in elevation than the Western Ghats. Mineral
reserves in the Eastern Ghats are significant, and the area hosts numerous mining
enterprises.

o Thar Desert: The Thar Desert is a sizable dry region including portions of Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab in northwest India. Sand dunes, prickly plants, and scrub
vegetation are features of the desert, which spans an area of about 200,000 square
kilometers. Extreme temperatures in the area, which can reach above 50°C in the summer
and below zero in the winter, are well-known.

o Peninsular Plateau: India's southern region is made up of a sizable plateau called the
Peninsular Plateau. It has a triangle shape and is bounded to the east by the Eastern
Ghats, to the west by the Western Ghats, and to the north by the Satpura Range. Over 1.6
million square kilometers (almost half of India's total land area) is taken up by the
plateau. The plateau is made up of a variety of rocks, such as granite, gneiss, and basalt.
Also, it is abundant in minerals including manganese, coal, and iron ore. The Deccan
Plateau, Chota Nagpur Plateau, and Malwa Plateau, which are renowned for their
abundant mineral resources and agricultural output, are only a few of the minor plateaus
that dot the plateau. With numerous old temples, forts, and palaces, the area is also a
significant hub of culture and heritage, drawing tourists from all over the world.

o Coastal Area: India has a lengthy coastline that runs from Gujarat to West Bengal for
more than 7,500 kilometers. The western coast and the eastern coast are the two sections
of the shoreline. Sandal beaches, rocky cliffs, and mangrove woods define the western
coast. The eastern coast is flatter and features various lagoons, estuaries, and deltas. The
fishing sector, ports, and tourism all depend on the coastal regions.

o Islands: India has a number of islands in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The
group of islands known as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are situated in the Gulf of
Bengal, around 1,000 kilometers east of the Indian subcontinent. The islands are
renowned for their magnificent shorelines, coral reefs, and an abundance of aquatic life.
The collection of islands known as the Lakshadweep Islands are situated in the Arabian
Sea around 400 kilometers west of the Indian subcontinent. The islands' blue waters,
coral reefs, and coconut trees are well-known for their beauty.

Indian Geography- Cities of India

A metropolitan area is an area (with one or more districts and two or more Municipalities or
Panchayats) having a population of 1o lakhs or more. Some of the largest metropolitans in India
are:

1. National Capital Region (NCR)

2. Mumbai
3. Kolkata
 4. Bangalore
5. Pune
6. Hyderabad
7. Chennai
8. Visakhapatnam

Twin cities are when two cities that are very close to each other, over time, expand and grow to
merge into one big metropolitan are. Some twin cities of India are:

1. Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad

2. Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Thane
3. Hubli and Dharwad
4. Kolkata and Howrah
5. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack
6. Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Indian Geography- International Boundaries

1. Except Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Delhi, all the other states in
the country share boundaries with other countries or have coastlines.
2. The effective border between India and China is known as the McMahon line. The line
that separates Indian-held lands from Chinese-held lands is called the Line of Actual
Control (LAC).
3. The India-Pakistan border is known as the Radcliffe line. The military control line
between the parts of Jammu Kashmir controlled by India and Pakistan is called the Line
of Control (LoC).
4. The India-Afghanistan and Pakistan-Afghanistan border are demarcated by a single line
known as the Durand line.
5. India and Sri Lanka are separated by the Palk Strait.
6. India shares the largest land frontier boundary with Bangladesh.

Nickname Of Indian Cities

One interesting thing about Indian cities is that they often have nicknames that show something
about their history, geography, or culture. These nicknames not only make the cities feel more
familiar, but they also give them their own identity. Let's look at some of India's most famous
cities and what their nicknames are.

Andhra Pradesh
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhimavaram a) City Of Prawns

b) Second Bardoli Of India

2 Dharmavaram Silk City Of Andhra Pradesh
3 Guntur City Of Chillies
4 Kakinada a) City Of Kaja

b) Mini Canada Of India

c) Pensioner’s Paradise

d) Second Madras Of India

5 Madanapalle Andhra Ooty
6 Piduguralla Lime City Of India
7 Rajahmundry Cultural Capital Of Andhra
Pradesh
8 Tenali Andhra Pari
9 Tirupati Spiritual Capital Of Andhra
Pradesh
10 Vijayawada The Place Of Victory
11 Visakhapatna a) Financial Capital Of Andhra
m Pradesh

b) Goa Of The East

c) The City Of Destiny

d) The Jewel Of The East Coast

Assam
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Dibrugarh Tea City Of India
2 Dispur City Of Temples
3 Guwahati Gateway Of North East India
4 Tezpur The City Of Blood

Arunachal Pradesh
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Itanagar Land Of Rising Sun

Bihar
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhagalpur Silk City
2 Gaya The City Of Enlightenment
3 Hajipur Bananas City
4 Madhubani The City Of Mithila & Madhubani
 Art
5 Muzaffarpur The Land Of Leechi
6 Nalanda Land Of Knowledge
7 Patna The City Of Leaders

Chhattisgarh
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhilai Steel capital Of India
2 Chhattisgarh Rice Bowl Of India
3 Jagdalpur Tourism Capital Of Chhattisgarh
4 Kanker Gateway Of Bastar
5 Korba Power Hub Of Chhattisgarh

Delhi
No. City/Town Nickname
1 New Delhi City Of Rallies

Gujarat
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Ahmedabad a) Boston Of India

b) India’s First World Heritage

City

c) Manchester Of India
2 Bardoli Butter City
3 Baroda a) Banyan City
(Vadodara)
b) Cultural Capital Of Gujarat

c) Power Hub Of India

d) Sanskari Nagari

e) World Capital Of Garba

4 Gandhinagar Green City
5 Kutch a) City Of Largest Salt Desert In
The World

b) Rann Of Kutch
6 Surat a) Diamond City Of The World
 b) Textile City Of India

Haryana
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhiwani Mini Cuba
2 Gurugram Millennium City Of India
3 Kurukshetra City Of Mahabharata
4 Panipat a) City Of Handloom

b) City Of Weavers

Himachal Pradesh
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Dharamshala Mini Lahasa
2 Mandi a) Choti Kashi

b) The Cultural Capital Of Himachal

c) Varanasi Of Hills
3 Shimla Queen Of Hills
4 Solan Mushroom City Of India

Jharkhand
SNo. City/Town Nickname(s)
1 Dhanbad The Coal Capital Of India
2 Jamshedpur a) Pittsburgh Of India

b) Steel City Of India

Karnataka
SNo. City/Town Nickname
1 Belgaum Kundanagari
(Belagavi)
2 Bengaluru a) Electronic City Of India

b) Garden City Of India

c) IT Capital Of India

d) Science City Of India

 e) Silicon Valley Of India

f) Space City
3 Bhatkal Mini Dubai
4 Bidar a) Crown Town Of
Karnataka

b) Land Of Bidri Crafts

5 Channagiri Land Of Arecanut
6 Channapatna Town Of Toys (“Gombegala
nagara”)
7 Chikmagalur a) Coffee Land Of India

b) Switzerland Of Karnataka
8 Coorg (Kodagu) Scotland Of India
9 Davangere Land Of Butter Dosa
10 Dharwad Vidyanagari
11 Hubli (Hubballi) a) Chota Bombay

b) City Of Brave Warriors

12 Kalaburagi a) Land Of Sufi Saints

b) Land Of Toor dal

13 Koppal Land Of Kinhal Craft
14 Mangaluru a) Ice Cream Capital Of
(Mangalore) India

b) Rome Of The East

15 Mysore (Mysuru) a) City Of Palaces

b) Cultural Capital Of
Karnataka

c) Royal City Of Karnataka

d) Sandalwood City

e) The Heritage City Of

Karnataka
16 Sakleshpur Poor Man’s Ooty
(Sakleshpura)
17 Shimoga Waterfalls Paradise Of India
18 Udupi a) City Of Intellectuals

b) Cradle Of Indian Banking

19 Vijayapura Land Of Jowar Roti And
(Bijapur) Groundnut Chatni

Kerala
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Alappuzha Venice Of The East
(Alleppey)
2 Kannur (Cannanore) City Of Looms And Lores
3 Kasaragod a) Harkwillia

b) Land Of Seven Languages

4 Kochi (Cochin) a) Queen Of Arabian Sea

b) The Financial Capital Of

Kerala
5 Kollam (Quilon) a) Cashew Capital Of The
World

b) Gateway To Backwaters

c) Prince Of Arabian Sea

6 Kottayam a) City Of Lakes

b) City Of Latex

c) City Of Letters (Akshara

Nagari)

d) City Of Murals
7 Kozhikode (Calicut) City Of Spices
8 Malappuram Soccer Capital
9 Palakkad a) Land Of Palm trees

b) Rice Bowl Of Kerala

10 Thiruvananthapuram a) City Of Statues

b) The Evergreen City Of

India
11 Thrissur a) Gold Capital Of India
 b) Land Of Poorams

c) The Cultural Capital Of

Kerala

d) The Land Of
Vadakkumnathan
12 Wayanad God’s Own District

Madhya Pradesh
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhopal City Of Lakes
2 Indore a) Cleanest City Of Asia

b) Mini Mumbai
3 Mundi Power Hub City
4 Sagar Heart Of Undivided India
5 Ujjain City Of Temples

Maharashtra
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Ichalkaranji Manchester Of Maharashtra
2 Jalgaon a) Banana City

b) Gold City
3 Khamgaon Silver City
4 Kolhapur City Of Wrestlers
5 Mumbai a) City Of Dreams

b) City Of Seven Island

c) Film City Of India

d) Financial Capital Of India

e) Gateway Of India

f) Hollywood Of India

g) Manchester Of India
6 Nagpur Orange City
7 Nashik a) California Of India
 b) Grape City Of India

c) The Wine Capital Of Maharashtra

d) The Wine Capital Of India

8 Pune a) Oxford Of The East

b) Motor City Of India

c) Queen Of The Deccan

d) The Cultural And Historical Capital

Of Maharashtra

e) The Cultural Hub Of Maharashtra

9 Thane City Of Lakes
10 Yavatmal Cotton City

Manipur
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Moreh Mini India

Meghalaya
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Shillong Scotland Of East

Nagaland
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Zunheboto Land Of Warriors

Odisha
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhubaneswar a) IT City Of East India

b) Sports Capital Of India

c) The Temple City

2 Brahmapur Silk City Of Odisha
3 Cuttack a) Dominant City Of Ancient India
 b) Gateway Of East India

c) Linguistic Dominant Of East

d) Millennium City

e) Silver City
4 Deogarh City Of Waterfalls
5 Puri a) Holy Capital

b) Spiritual capital Of Odisha

6 Rourkela a) Industrial Capital Of Odisha

b) Steel City Of Odisha

7 Sambalpur a) Cultural Capital Of Odisha

b) Diamond City

Puducherry
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Pondicherry Paris Of The East

Punjab
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Abohar Africa Of Punjab
2 Amritsar City Of Golden Temple
3 Kapurthala City Of Gardens
4 Ludhiana Manchester Of India
5 Patiala Royal City

Rajasthan
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Bhilwara a) Manchester Of Rajasthan

b) Textile City
2 Bikaner Camel Country
3 Jaipur a) City Of Palaces

b) Paris Of India
 c) Pink City

d) Red City
4 Jaisalmer Golden City
5 Jodhpur a) Blue City

b) Sun City
6 Udaipur a) City Of Lakes

b) Venice Of The East

c) White City

Tamil Nadu
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Chennai a) Automobile Hub Of Asia
(Madras)
b) Banking Capital Of India

c) Capital Of South India

d) City Of Flyovers

e) Cultural Capital Of South

India

f) Detroit Of Asia

g) Gateway Of South India

h) Healthcare Capital Of India

i) IT Hub Of TamilNadu
2 Chidambaram a) Educational Hub

b) Fast-Growing Industrial City

c) Mangrove City

d) Temple City
3 Coimbatore a) Capital Of Kongu Nadu Or
(Kovai) Chera Nadu (Modern Day) Or
West Tamil Nadu

b) Engineering City Of India

c) Hardware City Of India

d) Manchester Of South India

e) Sports Capital Of South India

4 Erode a) Textile City

b) Turmeric City

c) Yellow City
5 Kanchipuram a) Home Of Athi
Varadhar(GOD)

b) Silk City Of India

c) Temple City
6 Kodaikanal Princess Of Hill stations
7 Kumbakonam Temple City Of Tamil
8 Madurai a) Athens Of East

b) City Of Jasmine

c) City Of Junction

d) Sleepless City (Thoonga

Nagaram)
9 Namakkal Egg City
10 Nilgiri Blue Mountains
11 Ooty Queen Of Hill Stations
12 Palani Spiritual Capital Of Tamil Nadu
Or Kongu Nadu
13 Salem a) Mango City

b) Steel City
14 Sivakasi a) Crackers City Of India

b) Kutty (Little) Japan

15 Thoothukudi a) Pearl City Of India
 (Tuticorin)

b) Salt Capital Of South India

c) Sea Gateway Of Tamil Nadu

16 Tiruchirappalli a) Energy Equipment And
Fabrication Capital Of India

b) Rockfort City

c) Tucker Trichy
17 Tirunelveli a) City Of Paddy Fields

b) Oxford Of South India

18 Tiruppur a) Cotton City Of India

b) Dollar City Of India

c) Knit Wear Capital Of India

d) Textile City Of India

19 Vaniyambadi Leather Export Hubs Of India
20 Vellore a) City Of Tamil Kadavul
Muruga

b) Fort City Of India

c) The City That Started The

Indian Independence Movement

d) The City With Golden Temple

21 Yercaud a) Jewel Of The South

b) Poor Man’s Ooty

Telangana
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Hyderabad a) Biryani Capital Of India

b) Centre Of Urdu Language

c) City Of Aimim
 d) City Of Nawabs

e) City Of Nizam’s World

f) City Of Pearls

g) HITEC City
2 Secunderabad Twin City
3 Warangal a) City Of Lakes

b) City Of Temples

c) Second City Of Nizam

Uttarakhand
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Mussoorie a) Hill Queen City

b) Queen of the Mountains

2 Nainital City Of Lakes
3 Rishikesh Yoga Capital Of The World

Uttar Pradesh
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Agra a) City Of Love

b) City Of Taj

c) Petha Nagari
2 Ayodhya a) Another Name: Ayutthaya
(Thailand) And Yogyakarta
(Indonesia)

b) Birth Place Of Lord Rama

c) Hindu Sacred Place

d) Identity Place Of Hindus

e) Legendary City

f) The Ancient Korean Princess

Heo Hwang-ok Came From Ayuta
 (Ayodhya)
3 Ballia Baghi Ballia
4 Firozabad Bangle City Of India
5 Ghaziabad Gateway Of Uttar Pradesh
6 Gorakhpur a) Important City For India And
Nepal Relations

b) Known For Devotees Of Yogi

Gorakhnath

c) Known For Geetapress Books

Headquarter

d) Known For Gorakhpur Matth

e) Nawaboo Ke Baap Ka Sahar

f) Purvanchal Main City

7 Kanpur a) Crossroad Of National
Highways

b) Leather City Of The World

c) Manchester Of The East

8 Lucknow a) City Of Nawabs

b) City Of Tehzeeb

c) Constantinople Of East

d) Golden City Of East

e) Happiest City
9 Meerut a) Scissor City

b) Sports Capital Of India

10 Noida a) India’s First Smart City

b) IT capital Of North India

c) Singapore Of India
11 Prayagraj a) Abode Of God
(Allahabad)
 b) City Of Prime Ministers

c) King Of Pilgrims

d) Sangam City
12 Varanasi a) Oldest Living City On Earth

b) Spiritual Capital Of India

c) The City Of Ghats

d) The City Of Lights

e) The City Of Music

f) The City Of Shiva

g) The City Of Temples

h) The Religious Capital Of India

13 Vrindavan City Of Widows

West Bengal
No. City/Town Nickname
1 Asansol a) City Of Brotherhood

b) Land Of Black Diamonds

2 Barddhaman a) City Of Peace

b) Royal Heritage City Of

Bengal
3 Calcutta a) City Of Castles
(Kolkata)
b) City Of Joy

c) City Of Palaces

d) Cultural Capital Of India

e) Heaven Of The Aged

4 Darjeeling a) Queen Of The Hills

b) Tea City
5 Durgapur Ruhr Of India
6 Howrah a) Glasgow Of India

b) Sheffield Of India
7 Jalpaiguri City Of Dooars
8 Kharagpur Mini India
9 Malda Mango City
10 Nadia Oxford Of East
11 Siliguri a) Gateway Of East India

b) Gateway To The Dooars

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