Team Prabhat
Prabhat
Exam
Information contained in the work has been obtained by Prabhat Paperbacks, from sources believed to be reliable. However,
neither Prabhat Paperbacks nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein,
and neither Prabhat Paperbacks nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out
of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that Prabhat Paperbacks and its authors are
supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.
All disputes are subject to Delhi jurisdiction only.
Publisher
Prabhat EXAM
4/19 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi–110 002
Ph. 23289555 • 23289666 • 23289777 • Helpline/ 7827007777
e-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.prabhatexam.com
© Reserved
Edition
2021
Price
Two Hundred Seventy-five Rupees Only
ISBN 978-93-5266-974-5
Printed at
Maxcomm Prints, Delhi
RRB/RRC GROUP–d Mathematics GUIDE
by Team Prabhat
Published by Prabhat EXAM
4/19 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi–110 002
ISBN 978-93-5266-974-5
` 275.00
Contents
MATHEMATICS GUIDE.....................................................................................................................1–92
1. Numbers and Fractions........................................................................................................................3–8
2. Bodmas..........................................................................................................................................9–11
3. LCM and HCF of Numbers.............................................................................................................12–15
4. Ratio and Proportion........................................................................................................................16–19
5. Percentage........................................................................................................................................20–23
6. Mensuration.....................................................................................................................................24–31
7. Time and Work................................................................................................................................32–35
8. Time, Speed and Distance...............................................................................................................36–39
9. Simple and Compound Interest.......................................................................................................40–44
10. Profit, Loss and Discount................................................................................................................45–49
11. Elementary Algebra.........................................................................................................................50–52
12. Geometry.........................................................................................................................................53–67
13. Trigonometry...................................................................................................................................68–73
14. Elementary Statistics.......................................................................................................................74–80
15. Square Root.....................................................................................................................................81–86
16. Clock and Calendar.........................................................................................................................87–89
17. Pipes & Cistern................................................................................................................................90–92
MATHEMATICS GUIDE
2 MATHEMATICS GUIDE
MATHEMATICS GUIDE 3
NUMBERS AND
1 FRACTIONS
• Numeral: In Hindu Arabic system, we use ten symbols, 3 5 6
numeral 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. We call them digits. Thus, , , etc. are rational numbers.
4 6 7
A number is denoted by a group of digits, called numeral. (viii)Irrational numbers: A number which is not of the form of
• Place value: In a numeral 176524, we have p
is called irrational number (wherep and q are integers
Place value of 4 = (4 × 1) = 4 q
Place value of 2 = (2 × 10) = 20 and (q 0)
Place value of 5 = (5 × 100) = 500 Thus 3, 5, etc. are Irrational numbers.
Place value of 6 = (6 × 1000) = 6000 (ix) Composite numbers: Numbers greater than 1 which are
Place value of 7 = (7 × 10000) = 70000 not prime, are called composite numbers.
Place value of 1 = (1 × 100000) = 100000 Thus, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 etc. are composite numbers.
• Face value: The face value of a digit in a numeral is the Note: (i) 1 is neither prime nor composite.
value of the digit itself. Wherever it may be in the place (ii) 2 is the only even number which is prime.
value chart. (x) Co-prime: Two natural numbers a and b are said to be
In the numeral 17625, the face value of 5 is 5, the face co-prime if their HCF is 1.
value of 2 is 2, the face value of 6 is 6 and so on. Thus, (2, 3), (4, 5), (7, 9) etc. are pairs of co-primes.
Types of numbers: Division on numbers: Dividend, Divisor, Quotient and
(i) Natural numbers: The counting numbers are called Remainder.
natural numbers. Let a number a is divided by another numberb and we get
quotient q and remainder r.
Thus, N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ...} is the set of natural numbers.
Then, Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
(ii) Whole numbers: All natural numbers together with zero [a = bq + r] where (a r < b)
(0) form the set W of all whole numbers.
Test of divisibility:
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ...} is the set of all whole numbers. (i) Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 if its units
Note: digit is any of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8.
• Every natural number is a whole number. Example: 342, 4616, 52316 etc.
• 0 is a whole number which is not a natural number. (ii) Divisibility by 3: A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of
(iii) Integers: All natural numbers, negatives of natural number its digits is divisible by 3.
and 0, together form the set I of all integers. Example: 96342, 462372 etc.
Thus, I = {.... – 4, – 3, – 2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}, I is the set of(iii) Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4 if the number
all negative and positive integers. formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4.
(iv) Even numbers: A number divisible by 2 is called an even Example: 1728, 16520, 17624 etc.
number. (iv) Divisibility by 5: A number is divisible by 5, if its unit’s
Thus, {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 ...} is the set of all even digit is either 0 or 5.
numbers. Example: 625, 15725, 100000 etc.
(v) Odd numbers: A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd (v) Divisibility by 6: A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible
number. by both 2 and 3.
Thus, {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15....} is the set of odd numbers. Example: 6432, 74936 etc.
(vi) Prime numbers: A number greater than 1 having exactly (vi) Divisibility by 8: A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed
two factors, namely 1 and itself is called a prime number. by the last three digits of the given number is divisible by 8.
p Example: 175248, 976488 etc.
(vii) Rational numbers: A number of the form is called (vii) Divisibility by 9: A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of
q
its digits is divisible by 9.
Rational number, (wherep and q are integers andq 0) Example: 6372, 5943276 etc.
