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ASM Vs Flow Chart

ASM charts are specialized flow charts used to describe the sequential operations of digital circuits, detailing the control sequence and data processing. They consist of state boxes, decision boxes, and conditional boxes, which help in determining the sequence of events and timing relationships. The document emphasizes the importance of hardware algorithms in designing digital systems and contrasts traditional flow charts with ASM charts.

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Kumar Gagnesh
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46 views

ASM Vs Flow Chart

ASM charts are specialized flow charts used to describe the sequential operations of digital circuits, detailing the control sequence and data processing. They consist of state boxes, decision boxes, and conditional boxes, which help in determining the sequence of events and timing relationships. The document emphasizes the importance of hardware algorithms in designing digital systems and contrasts traditional flow charts with ASM charts.

Uploaded by

Kumar Gagnesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction:

ASM charts can be described the operation of both combinational and sequential
circuits. ASM charts are easier to understand and can be converted several
equivalent form.

 In digital systems, the binary information is divided into data and control
information.
 Data information is manipulated by various operations like arithmetic,
shift, and logic. These operations are implemented by multiplexers,
decoders, counters, and shift registers.
 Control information gives various command signals that help to perform
various data operations.
 Therefore, the logic design of digital systems can be divided into two
parts in which one part is responsible for design of the circuit that
performs data processing operations and the other part is responsible for
design of the control circuit that takes care of all the operations and their
sequence.

 The control sequence and data processing of the digital system can be
determined by a hardware algorithm. So our motive is to formulate the
hardware algorithm that helps to achieve our objective.
 A flow chart is a traditional method for determining the sequence of
procedural steps and decision paths for a hardware algorithm.
 A special type of flow chart is developed to specify the design of a digital
circuit also known as an Algorithmic state machine(ASM) chart

ASM Chart:
It is a special type of flow chart that is used to describe the sequential
operations of a digital circuit. The ASM chart determines the sequence of
events, timing relationship between the states of sequential controller, and
the events that happen while going from one state to another.
The ASM chart is composed of three basic elements, which are
 State box
 Decision box
 Conditional box

State box:
 A state in the control sequence is described by State box.
 The shape of the state box is rectangular in which register operations or
output signal names can be specified.
 The state name is given a symbolic name which is written in the upper left
corner of the box.
 After the state assignment, the binary code is placed at upper right corner
of the box.

Decision box:

 It describes the effect of the input on the control subsystem.


 It is a diamond-shaped box with two or more exit paths. The input
condition which needs to be checked is written inside the box.
 One exit path is taken when the condition is true, otherwise other is taken
when the condition is false.
 When the input condition is assigned to a binary value, then the two paths
are indicated by 1 and 0.

Condition box:

Example
 The control (i.e. control unit) generates Start output signal when T1 state
arises.
 In T1, control checks the status of input E.
 If E= 1, then R is assigned to 0, otherwise R remains unchanged. In any
value of E the next state will be T2.
ASM block:
 An ASM block contains one state box and all the decision boxes and
conditional boxes connected to its exit path.
 It contains one entrance path and one or more exit paths.

Example

 The block (dashed lines) is associated with T1 state and has two
decisions and one conditional box. Each block in the ASM determines
the state of the system during one clock pulse. The operations within
the state and conditional boxes are executed in the common clock pulse(
i.e. in T1 state).This clock pulse also changes the state of the system (i.e.
The other state could be T2 or T3 or T4), which can be known by the
binary values of the decision boxes E and F.
 In state T1, a register value is incremented by 1.
 If E= 1, then the register R is reset.
 Here, each state box is equivalent to the state in a sequential circuit.
Flow Chart Vs ASM

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