GROWTH PARAMETER

STEM DIAMETER

The stem diameter is important of cucumber is an important agronomic

trait that affect the plants growth and yield.Yingying yang (2022)

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between treatment

for

stem diameter as presented in table 1. However numerically, the study

revealed variability in cucumber stem diameter across treatments and

weeks. Plants treated with 3% SBE produce higher average in steam

diameter compared to other treatments.

According to the Chemical Test Report, SBE contained nitrogen, Hails ( 2024 )

stated that nitrogen is a significant component of proteins, hormones,

chlorophyll, vitamins, and enzymes that are necessary for plant life, as will as

genetic material ( nucleic acids ). Furthermore, nitrogen metabolism plays a

significant role in the growth of stems and leaves ( vegetative growth ). A

study conducted by Lodhi et al. ( 2017 ) also found that applying nitrogen

content increased stem diameter.

This is finding is better than the study conducted by Nelson et al. ( 2010 ) in

which them stem diameter of cyclamen did not differ across the other

treatments includes the plants treated with Soybean-Base Liquid Fertilizer.

Number of Branches

The number of branches on a cucumber is important because it can affect the plants yield and

flowering time. The means that plants with more branches produce more fruits. SU Remison

( 2020 ).

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between

treatment for number of branches as presented in table 1. However

numerically, the study revealed variability in cucumber number of branches

across treatments and weeks. Plants treated with 12% SBE produce higher

average in steam diameter compared to other treatments .The result

signifies that the differences observed in the number of branches among

treatment are likely a result of a based extracts treatment.

This finding is supported by the study of Olowski, J et al. ( 2016 ) they

found a significant positive relationship between the number of branches and

the number of pods and seeds per plant. Whereas the outcome

demonstrated that the soybean extract could boost the number of branches,

increasing the number of pods per plant and amount of soybean seed per

plant.
 Number of Leaves

The number of leaves on a cucumber plant is important because it can

indicate the plants health and how much nutrients it needs. Mohammad

Hakimi ( 2021).

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between

treatment for number of leaves as presented in table 1. However

numerically, the study revealed variability in cucumber number of leaves

across treatments and weeks. Plants treated with 9% SBE produced higher

average in number of leaves compared to other treatments.

This finding is in agreement with Jang S. & Kuk (2019), they observed that lettuce treated with

Soybean Leaf and Soybean stem extract produced more number of leaves..

Leaf Area
 The leaf area of cucumber plants is important for understanding how

the environment affects the plant’s growth and yield . Mahesh Chand Singh

( 2019 )

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between

treatment for leaf area as presented in table 1. However numerically, the

study revealed variability in cucumber leaf area across treatments and

weeks. Plants treated with 12% SBE produced higher average in leaf area

compared to other treatments. This implies that the higher concentration of

SBE could provide nutrients to the leaves, thus making leaves become wider.

Based on Chemical Test Report, SBE had a nitrogen content Hails

( 2024 ) stated that nitrogen is a major component of proteins, hormones,

chlorophyll, vitamins, and enzymes that are necessary for plant life, as well

as genetic material ( nucleic acids ). Furthermore, nitrogen metabolism plays

a significant role in the growth of stems and leaves ( vegetative growth ).

This finding accorded with the petunia experiment conducted by Nelson et

al. ( 2010) they observe that the leaf area wider when applied with

Soybean-Base Liquid Extract.

Table 1. Stem diameter (cm), Number of Branches per plant, Number of Leaves per plant ,Leaf

Area (cm2 ) of cucumber as Influenced by Soybean-Based Extracts, ASSCAT, 2025.

Treatment Stem Number of Number of Leaf

Diameter Branches Leaves per Area(cm2 )
(cm) per plant plant
T0- Control 1.73 5.47 28.67 123.06

T1- 3% Soybean based extract 1.79 5.50 26.67 135.52

T2- 6% Soybean based extract 1.59 5.60 28.67 139.52

T3- 9% Soybean based extract 1.66 5.63 28.83 146.21

T4- 12% Soybean based extract 1.73 6.07 28.20 156.81

CV 5.54% 7.175 4.60% 15.96%

Not significantly difference at 0.5

VINE LENGTH
The vine length is important for cucumber because it can affect the amount of fruit produced,

and the vine’s length can be impacted by the amount of nutrients and manure applied. ( Ikeh A.

2021 )

The result of the study revealed no significance difference between treatments as shown
in the Table 2. However numerically, the study revealed variability in vine length of cucumber
across treatments per weeks. Plants treated with 9 % and 12% of SBE produce higher average in
vine length from week 1 to week 4 compared Control treatments .

This finding is in agreement with Jang S. & Kuk (2019), they observed that plant height of

Peucedanum japanicum, was greater when treated with Soybean Leaf Extract .

Table 2.Vine length of Cucumber as Influenced by Soybean-Based Extract, ASSCAT, 2025.

Treatments Week Week Week Week

1 2 3 4

To- Control 17.58 38.16 70.98 128.13

T1- 3% Soybean-Based Extract 17.55 41.29 77.06 140.13

T2- 6% Soybean-Based Extract 17.08 40.85 78.19 133.49

T3- 9% Soybean-Based Extract 16.95 40.77 84.56 150.21

T4- 12% Soybean-Based Extract 17.73 41.89 85.22 145.83

CV 5.41% 7.11% 8.90% 8.98%

Not significantly difference at 0.05

Days to Flowering
 The days of flowering period is important because it signals when plant

is ready to produce fruit. Khasan Buriev (2023)

The result of the study showed highly significant difference among

treatments as presented in table 3. Application of Soybean-Based Extract

noticeably shortened the number of days to flowering. Cucumber SBE

supplemented with 9% of SBE (T3) boosted early flowering compared to

plants without treatment.

Early flowering is encourage by the nutritional state and a favorable

environment, especially warmer temperatures. High levels of phosphorus,

calcium, and magnesium were found in the SBE Chemical Test Report. These

elements are essential for initiating blooming and the reproductive phase in

plants. According to Lodhi et al. ( 2017 ), different levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, and potassium ( NPK ) caused early blooming. According to

Lodhi et al. ( 2019 ), phosphorus in particular in essential for speeding up

flowering.

This finding accorded with the petunia experiment conducted by

Nelson et al. ( 2010 ) applied with Soybean-Based Liquid Extract.

Table 3. Days of Flowering of Cucumber as Influenced by Soybean-Based Extract,

ASSCAT,2025.

Treatment Mean
 T0- Control 36.70c

T1- 3% Soybean based extract 36.47bc

T2- 6% Soybean based extract 35.87ab

T3- 9% Soybean based extract 35.77a

T4- 12% Soybean based extract 36.27abc

CV 0.65%

** highly significant different at 0.01 Level

YIELD PARAMETERS

Number of Fruits

The number of fruits on a cucumber plant has a significant impact on its overall yieal and quality
of the cucumber produced. Hochmucth ( 2021 )

The result of the study indicated significant difference between treatment

for number of fruit as presented in table 4. However numerically, the study

revealed variability in cucumber number of fruit across treatments and

weeks. Plants treated with 12% SBE produce higher average in number of

fruit compared to other treatments.

This finding is related with Khazaal (2018),who found that when solanum

melongena plants were treated with soybean -based extract ,the quantity of
fruits produced per plant increased in a result ,t was favorably influencing

fruit production.

Table 4. Number of Fruits of Cucumber as Influenced by Soybean-Based Extract, ASSCAT,2025.

Treatment Number of fruits per plant

T0- Control 3.77b

T1- 3% Soybean based extract 5.27a

T2- 6% Soybean based extract 5.00a

T3- 9% Soybean based extract 5.00a

T4- 12% Soybean based extract 5.43a

CV 11.13%

Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 0.05 level

LENGTH OF FRUITS

The length of fruits is important because it determines when the fruit is

harvested and how it’s marketed. Xioxiao Liu ( 2020 )

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between treatment

for fruit length as presented in table 5. However numerically, the study

revealed variability in cucumber fruit length across treatments and weeks.

Plants treated with 9% SBE produce higher average in fruit length compared

to other treatments.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted by Hussien Alhrout ( 2017 ) they

found that NPK was superior in terms of yield and was superior in relation to

quality of fruit length of capsicum. A study by Lodhi et al. ( 2017 ) also

discovered that applying nitrogen content resulted into longer fruit length .

Table 5. Length of Fruits (cm) of Cucumber as Influenced by Soybean-Based Extract,

ASSCAT,2025.

Treatment Length of Fruits(cm)

T0- Control 18.97b

T1- 3% Soybean based extract 19.80a

T2- 6% Soybean based extract 19.58ab

T3- 9% Soybean based extract 19.86a

 T4- 12% Soybean based extract 19.39ab

CV 1.18%

**highly significant different at 0.01 Level

Diameter of Fruits

The diameter of cucumber fruit is important because it affects the fruits weight and shape,
witch can impact the value of the product . Lyhour Hin ( 2023 )

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between treatment

for diameter of fruit as presented in table 6. However numerically, the study

revealed variability in cucumber diameter of fruit across treatments and

weeks. Plants treated with 12% SBE produce higher average in diameter fruit

compared to other treatments.

This finding is related to food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

when fruits are harvested at similar stage of ripeness there are variation in

terms of size color texture and flavor, Conversely, fruit at different stages of

maturity may introduce more variability and potentially reveal significant

difference.

Weight of Marketable Fruits per Plant (g)

The weight of marketable cucumber fruits per plant is important because it measures the
amount of fruit that can be sold to a buyer. The weight of marketable fruits is determined by the
number and weight of fruits produced, as will as the quality of fruits. Jass chaverria C. ( 2021 )
The result of the study indicated no significant difference between treatment

for weight of marketable fruit as presented in table 6 . However numerically,

the study revealed variability in cucumber weight of marketable fruit across

treatments and weeks. Plants treated with 12% SBE produce higher average

in weight of marketable fruit compared to other treatments.

This study is related to Jan and kuk (2018) found that several plant

extracts including soybean leaf extract, can boost the fresh shoot weight of

harvest lettuce per plant when compared to control plants.

Harvest Index

The harvest index ( HI ) is a measure of reproductive efficiency that is important for increasing
the yield and quality of cucumber crops. Kenton Parker ( 2020 )

The result of the study indicated no significant difference between treatment

for harvest index as presented in table 6. However numerically, the study

revealed variability in cucumber harvest index across treatments and weeks.

Plants treated with 12% SBE produce higher average in harvest index

compared to other treatments.

In the study of May et al. (2021) that the use of inoculum with

microbiological content from extract of plants of the same species can

change crop yield.

Table 6. Diameter of Fruits (cm),Weight of Marketable Fruits per Plant(g),Harvest Index of

Cucumber as Influenced by Soybean-Based Extract, ASSCAT,2025.

Treatment Diameter of Weigth of Harvest

Fruits(cm) Marketable Index
fruits per
Plant(g)
T0- Control 1.72 273.36 263.26

T1- 3% Soybean based extract 1.73 267.85 266.45

T2- 6% Soybean based extract 1.73 276.88 271.15

T3- 9% Soybean based extract 1.72 289.09 277.57

T4- 12% Soybean based extract 1.75 291.27 280.45

CV 1.59% 7.89% 3.42%

Not significantly different at 0.05 level

SUMMARY, COCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

The expirement on the growth and yield performance of cucumber cucumis

sativus as influence by soybean - based extract was conducted at agusan del sur state college

of agriculture and technology, Bunawan agusan Del Sur from March to May

2024 with the following.

 Objectives;

1.Evaluate the growth and yield performance of cucumber as influence by

soybean- based extract (SBE)

2.Determine the cost and return analysis of cucumber production

supplemented with Soybean – based Extract (SBE)

3.Develop information , Education and Cummunication (IEC)material on

cucumber production supplemented by soybean- based Extract (SBE)

The result of the study showed that Soybean- based Extract had a highly

significant influenced in the parameter of days to flowering ,length of

fruits ,However ,Soybean -based extract is insignificant in the stem

diameter ,number of branches ,number of leaves, life area vine

length ,number of fruits diameter of fruits , weight of marketable fruits

harvest index .With regards to cost and return analysis , the treatment.

C0NCLUSION

Among all treatment , the application of 3%, 9% and 12% of soybean -based

extract as foliar fertilizer could enhance different vegetative and yield

characteristics like stem diameter , number of branches , number of leaves ,

life area , vine length , days to flowering, length of fruits , number of fruits ,
diameter of fruits ,weight of fruits per plant , harvest index of cucumber,

indicating enhance nutrient uptake by the plants .Thus , the foliar application

of 3%, 9% and 12% of soybean- based extract can be a good foliar fertilizer

for cucumber compared with the control.