GEOGRAPHY LECTURES INDEX

LECTURE 1
1. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF EARTH - EARLY THEORIES
2. THE BIG BANG THEORY
3. STAR FORMATION
4. FORMATION OF PLANETS
5. OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
6. TERRESTRIAL AND JOVIAN PLANETS
7. CONSTELLATION
8. THE MOON
9. EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH
10. EVOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE
11. ORIGIN OF LIFE
12. GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE

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LECTURE 2
1. CELESTIAL BODIES
2. SUN
3. COMET
4. INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
5. EARTHQUAKE
6. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
7. VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC LANDFORMS
8. SHIELD VOLCANOES
9. CALDERA
10. FLOOD BASALT PROVINCES
11. MID-OCEAN RIDGE VOLCANOES
12. VOLCANIC LANDFORMS

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LECTURE 3
1. FIELD
2. GEOMAGNETISM
3. DYNAMO THEORY
4. MECHANISM
5. GEOMAGNETISM IN OTHER PLANETS
6. MAGNETOSPHERE
7. MAGNETOPAUSE
8. MAGNETIC POLES
9. GEOMAGNETIC POLES
10. GEOMAGNETIC REVERSAL
11. NORMAL AND REVERSED FIELD
12. CURRENT LOCATION OF THE MAGNETIC POLES
13. COMPASS
14. MAGNETIC DECLINATION
15. MAGNETIC INCLINATION OR MAGNETIC DIP
16. PALAEOMAGNETISM
17. PALAEOMAGNETISM - IMPORTANCE
18. PALEOMAGNETISM: STRONG EVIDENCE OF SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND PLATE
TECTONICS
19. PALEOMAGNETISM SOLVED MANY OF THE UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
20. PLASMASPHERE
21. AURORAS
22. GEOMAGNETIC STORMS
23. EFFECTS

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LECTURE 4
1. GEOMORPHIC PROCESS
2. ENDOGENIC PROCESS
3. DIASTROPHISM
4. ENDOGENIC
5. EXOGENIC PROCESSES
6. WEATHERING
7. CHEMICAL WEATHERING PROCESS
8. PHYSICAL WEATHERING PROCESS
9. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND WEATHERING
10. SIGNIFICANCE OF WEATHERING
11. MASS MOVEMENTS
12. SLOW MOVEMENTS
13. RAPID MOVEMENTS
14. LANDSLIDES
15. EROSION AND DEPOSITION
16. SOIL FORMATION
17. PROCESS OF SOIL FORMATION
18. SOIL FORMING FACTORS

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LECTURE 5
1. DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS
2. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
3. EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT
4. PLATE TECTONICS
5. PLATE BOUNDARIES – DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
6. PLATE BOUNDARIES – CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
7. PLATE BOUNDARIES – TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES
8. RATE OF PLATE MOVEMENT
9. FORCE FOR THE PLATE MOVEMENT
10. MOVEMENT OF THE INDIAN PLATE
11. MAPPING SECTION
12. ASIA
13. GREAT SIBERIAN PLAIN
14. MANCHURIAN PLAIN
15. GREAT PLAINS OF CHINA
16. TIGRIS-EUPHRATES PLAINS
17. GANGA PLAINS
18. IRRAWADDY PLAINS
19. THE CENTRAL MOUNTAINS
20. PEAKS OF ASIA
21. THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLATEAUS
22. PENINSULAS
23. DESERTS
24. ISLANDS OF ASIA
25. LAKES
26. STRAITS

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LECTURE 6
1. INTERACTION OF TECTONIC PLATES
2. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
3. OCEAN-OCEAN CONVERGENCE OR THE ISLAND-ARC CONVERGENCE
4. FORMATION OF FOLD MOUNTAINS (OROGENY)
5. FORMATION OF THE ANDES
6. FORMATION OF THE ROCKIES
7. CONTINENT-CONTINENT CONVERGENCE OR THE HIMALAYAN CONVERGENCE
8. FORMATION OF THE HIMALAYANS AND THE TIBETAN PLATEAU
9. CLASSIFICATION OF MOUNTAINS
10. CONTINENTAL MOUNTAINS
11. OCEANIC MOUNTAINS
12. CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF THE PERIOD OF ORIGIN
13. CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF MODE OF ORIGIN
14. FOLD MOUNTAINS
15. BLOCK MOUNTAINS
16. FAULT
17. MANTLE PLUMES
18. MANTLE PLUMES AND FLOOD BASALT VOLCANISM
19. MAPPING SECTION
20. AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA

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LECTURE 7
1. RUNNING WATER
2. EROSIONAL LANDFORMS (RUNNING WATER)
3. DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS (RUNNING WATER)
4. GROUNDWATER
5. KRAST TOPOGRAPHY
6. GLACIERS
7. EROSIONAL LANDFORMS (GLACIERS)
8. DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS (GLACIERS)
9. WAVES AND CURRENTS
10. DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS (WAVES AND CURRENTS)
11. WINDS AND EROSIONAL LANDFORMS
12. DEPOSITIONAL LANDFORMS (WINDS)
13. VOLCANISM CAUSES
14. VOLCANIC LANDFORMS (EXTRUSIVE)
15. VOLCANIC LANDFORMS (INTRUSIVE)
16. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES ACROSS THE WORLD
17. VOLCANISM ALONG THE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
18. MEDITERRANEAN VOLCANISM
19. VOLCANISM (VOLCANOS) IN INDIA

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LECTURE 8
1. EARTHQUAKES
2. FOCUS AND EPICENTER
3. CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES – PLATE TECTONICS
4. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES
5. EARTHQUAKE ZONES OF INDIA
6. LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES
7. MOTIONS OF THE EARTH: ROTATION
8. MOTIONS OF THE EARTH: REVOLUTION
9. SOLSTICE
10. EQUINOX
11. MAPPING SECTION
12. CLIMATIC ZONES
13. NATURAL VEGETATION
14. ANTARCTICA
15. CLIMATE OF ANTARCTICA
16. AURORA
17. THE ANTARCTIC TREATY
18. EXPEDITIONS OF ANTARCTICA

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LECTURE 9
1. DAYS ARE ALWAYS LONGER THAN NIGHTS AT THE EQUATOR
2. PERIHELION AND APHELION
3. ECLIPSE
4. PHASES OF THE MOON
5. SOLAR ECLIPSE
6. LUNAR ECLIPSE
7. INDIA’S LOCATION
8. INDIA’S SIZE
9. TROPIC OF CANCER
10. INDIA AND THE WORLD
11. MAPPING SECTION
12. SOUTH AMERICA
13. MAJOR PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF SOUTH AMERICA
14. THE AMAZON BASIN
15. RIVERS OF SOUTH AMERICA
16. SOUTH AMERICA
17. NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
18. CARIBBEAN

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LECTURE 10
1. INDIAN ROCK SYSTEM
2. MAJOR PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA
3. PENINSULAR PLATEAU
4. HIMALAYAS
5. INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN
6. COASTAL PLAINS
7. INDIAN ISLANDS
8. FORMATION OF HIMALAYAS
9. SHIWALIK RANGE
10. MIDDLE OR LESSER HIMALAYA
11. THE GREAT HIMALAYA
12. TRANS-HIMALAYA
13. PURVANCHAL OR EASTERN HILLS
14. REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF HIMALAYAS
15. MAPPING
16. NORTH AMERICA
17. MAJOR PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF NORTH AMERICA
18. GREAT LAKES OF USA
19. GULFS OF NORTH AMERICA
20. DRAINAGE PATTERN

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LECTURE 11
1. THE NORTHERN PLAINS OF INDIA
2. FORMATION OF INDO-GANGETIC-BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
3. DEPOSITIONAL ACTIVITY
4. FEATURES OF INDO-GANGETIC-BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
5. REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF THE INDO-GANGETIC-BRAHMAPUTRA PLAINS
6. GANGA PLAIN
7. REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF GANGA PLAINS
8. GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA DELTA
9. BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
10. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLAIN
11. PLATEAU
12. PLATEAU FORMATION
13. PLATEAU TYPES
14. MAJOR PLATEAUS OF THE WORLD
15. TIBETAN PLATEAU
16. DECCAN PLATEAU
17. MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS IN INDIA

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LECTURE 12
1. PENINSULAR PLATEAU
2. MARWAR PLATEAU OR MEWAR PLATEAU
3. CENTRAL HIGHLAND
4. BUNDELKHAND UPLAND
5. MALWA PLATEAU
6. BHANDER PLATEAU
7. CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU
8. MEGHALAYA PLATEAU
9. DECCAN PLATEAU
10. MAHARASHTRA PLATEAU
11. KARNATAKA PLATEAU
12. TELANGANA PLATEAU
13. BASTAR PLATEAU
14. CHHATTISGARH PLAIN
15. DANDAKARANYA PLATEAU
16. HILLS OF PENINSULAR INDIA
17. ARAVALI RANGE
18. VINDHYAN RANGE
19. SATPURA RANGE
20. THE WESTERN GHATS AND EASTERN GHATS
21. THE WESTERN GHATS
22. THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS
23. THE MIDDLE SAHYADRI
24. THE SOUTHERN SECTION
25. EASTERN GHATS
26. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN GHATS
27. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU
28. REPORTS ON WESTERN GHATS
29. MAPPING
30. MOUNTAIN PASSES IN INDIA

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LECTURE 13
1. INDIAN COASTLINE
2. STATE-WISE LENGTH OF COASTLINE OF INDIA
3. EAST COAST OF INDIA
4. REGIONAL NAMES OF THE EAST COAST OF INDIA
5. WEST COAST OF INDIA
6. REGIONAL NAMES OF THE WEST COAST OF INDIA
7. COASTAL PLAIN
8. WESTERN COASTAL PLAINS OF INDIA
9. EASTERN COASTAL PLAINS OF INDIA
10. PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
11. SIGNIFICANCE OF COASTAL PLAINS
12. INDIAN ISLANDS
13. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS
14. LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS
15. KUTCH AND KATHIAWAR REGION
16. GUJARAT PLAIN
17. KONKAN PLAIN
18. KARNATAKA COASTAL PLAIN
19. MALABAR PLAIN (KERALA PLAIN)
20. DIU ISLAND

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LECTURE 14
1. Atmosphere
2. Role of Earth’s Atmosphere
3. Composition of Atmosphere
4. Structure of the Atmosphere
5. Troposphere
6. Stratosphere
7. Mesosphere
8. Thermosphere
9. Temperature Distribution on Earth
10. Latitudinal Heat Balance
11. Heat Budget
12. The Mean Annual Temperature Distribution
13. Seasonal Temperature Distribution
14. Mapping
15. Bays, Gulf & Sea – India
16. Adam’s Bridge/Rama’s Bridge/Rama Setu
17. Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
18. Famous Seas/Oceans of India

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LECTURE 15
1. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND WEATHER SYSTEMS
2. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
3. WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE
4. EQUATORIAL LOW-PRESSURE BELT OR 'DOLDRUMS'
5. SUB-TROPICAL HIGH-PRESSURE BELT OR HORSE LATITUDES
6. SUB-POLAR LOW-PRESSURE BELT
7. POLAR HIGH-PRESSURE BELT
8. FORCES AFFECTING THE VELOCITY AND DIRECTION OF WIND
9. PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE
10. FRICTIONAL FORCE
11. CORIOLIS FORCE
12. GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
13. HADLEY CELL
14. FERREL CELL
15. POLAR CELL
16. SEASONAL WINDS
17. LOCAL WINDS
18. LAND AND SEA BREEZES
19. AIR MASSES
20. FRONTS
21. EXTRA-TROPICAL CYCLONES
22. TROPICAL CYCLONES
23. THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES
24. MAJOR WATERFALLS IN INDIA

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LECTURE 16
1. WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
2. WATER CYCLE
3. HUMIDITY
4. EVAPORATION
5. CONDENSATION
6. DEW
7. FROST
8. FOG AND MIST
9. TEMPERATURE
10. CLOUDS
11. PRECIPITATION
12. TYPES OF RAINFALL
13. CONVECTIONAL RAIN
14. OROGRAPHIC RAIN
15. CYCLONIC RAIN
16. WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL
17. ISLANDS IN INDIA
18. ADAM’S BRIDGE/RAMA’S BRIDGE/RAMA SETU

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LECTURE 17
1. INDIAN CLIMATE
2. RAINFALL IN INDIA
3. TEMPERATURE IN INDIA
4. FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIAN CLIMATE
5. HIMALAYAS
6. PHYSIOGRAPHY
7. WHY RAINFALL DECREASES FROM EAST TO WEST IN PLAIN REGION
8. REASONS FOR HIGH RAINFALL IN CHERRAPUNJI AND MAWSYNRAM
9. THE SEASONS
10. WINTER SEASON IN INDIA
11. SUMMER SEASON IN INDIA
12. EL-NINO AND LA-NINA
13. EL NINO
14. WALKER CIRCULATION (OCCURS DURING NORMAL YEARS)
15. EFFECTS OF EL NINO
16. EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION [ENSO]
17. INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE EFFECT
18. LA NINA
19. EFFECTS OF LA NINA
20. DAMS AND RESERVOIRS IN INDIA

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LECTURE 18
1. INDIAN MONSOON
2. MECHANISM OF INDIAN MONSOON
3. THEORIES THAT TRIED TO EXPLAIN MECHANISM OF INDIAN MONSOON
4. ONSET OF MONSOONS
5. RAINY SEASON
6. END OF MONSOON SEASON
7. ROLE OF ITCZ (INTER-TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE)
8. INDIAN MONSOON MECHANISM – JET STREAM THEORY
9. JET STREAMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WEATHER
10. ROLE OF SUB-TROPICAL JET STREAM (STJ)
11. SEASONAL MIGRATION OF SUB-TROPICAL JET STREAM (STJ)
12. WESTERN DISTURBANCES
13. SUB-TROPICAL JET STREAM (STJ) IN SUMMER AND WINTER
14. TROPICAL EASTERLY JET (TEJ)
15. ROLE OF TIBET IN INDIAN MONSOONS
16. ROLE OF SOMALI JET IN INDIAN MONSOONS
17. ROLE OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD)
18. SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON
19. PRESSURE AND WINDS DURING SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON
20. RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS DURING SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON

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LECTURE 19
1. DRAINAGE BASIN
2. DRAINAGE DIVIDE
3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RIVER BASIN AND A WATERSHED
4. DISCORDANT DRAINAGE PATTERNS
5. CONSEQUENT RIVERS
6. DENDRITIC OR PINNATE DRAINAGE PATTERN
7. TRELLIS DRAINAGE PATTERN
8. RECTANGULAR DRAINAGE PATTERN
9. RADIAL DRAINAGE PATTERN
10. PARALLEL DRAINAGE PATTERN
11. DERANGED DRAINAGE PATTERN
12. DRAINAGE IN INDIA
13. DRAINAGE SYSTEM BASED ON THE SIZE OF THE CATCHMENT AREA
14. DRAINAGE SYSTEM BASED ON ORIGIN
15. DRAINAGE SYSTEM BASED ON THE TYPE OF DRAINAGE
16. DRAINAGE SYSTEM BASED ON THE ORIENTATION TO THE SEA
17. MAJOR RIVER SYSTEM IN INDIA
18. HIMALAYAN RIVERS
19. INDUS RIVER SYSTEM
20. IMPORTANT WATERFALLS IN THE WORLD

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LECTURE 20
1. GANGA RIVER SYSTEM
2. GANGA RIVER
3. GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA DELTA
4. RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARIES OF THE GANGA - YAMUNA RIVER
5. RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARIES OF THE GANGA – CHAMBAL RIVER
6. RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARIES OF THE GANGA – BETWA AND KEN RIVER
7. LEFT BANK TRIBUTARIES OF THE GANGA – GHAGHRA RIVER
8. LEFT BANK TRIBUTARIES OF THE GANGA – GANDAK RIVER
9. BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM
10. PENINSULAR RIVER SYSTEM OR PENINSULAR DRAINAGE
11. EVOLUTION OF PENINSULAR DRAINAGE
12. HIMALAYAN RIVER SYSTEM VS. PENINSULAR RIVER SYSTEM
13. EAST FLOWING PENINSULAR RIVERS
14. MAHANADI RIVER
15. TRIBUTARIES OF MAHANADI RIVER
16. GODAVARI RIVER
17. TRIBUTARIES OF GODAVARI RIVER
18. KRISHNA RIVER
19. TRIBUTARIES OF KRISHNA RIVER
20. CAUVERY RIVER
21. PENNAR RIVER

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LECTURE 21
1. Subarnarekha River
2. Brahamani River
3. Ponnaiyar River
4. Vaigai River
5. West Flowing Rivers of Peninsular India
6. Estuary
7. Narmada River
8. Tributaries of Narmada River
9. Tapti River
10. Tributaries of Tapti River
11. Projects on Tapti River
12. Sabarmati River
13. Industry in Sabarmati Basin
14. Mahi River
15. Luni River
16. West Flowing Rivers of the Sahyadris (Western Ghats)
17. Ghaggar River – Inland Drainage
18. Usability of Rivers
19. Natural Vegetation of India
20. Classification of Natural Vegetation of India

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LECTURE 22
1. SOIL TYPES – SANDY-CLAYEY-LOAMY
2. SOIL PROFILE
3. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SOIL FORMATION IN INDIAN CONDITIONS
4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES OF INDIA
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLUVIAL SOILS
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK SOILS
7. CHARACTERISTICS OF RED SOILS
8. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LATERITE – LATERITIC SOILS
9. DISTRIBUTION OF ALLUVIAL SOILS IN INDIA
10. DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK SOILS
11. DISTRIBUTION OF RED SOILS
12. DISTRIBUTION OF LATERITE – LATERITIC SOILS
13. PROBLEMS OF INDIAN SOILS
14. AGRICULTURE - ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN ECONOMY
15. MAJOR TYPES OF FARMING

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LECTURE 23
1. FEATURES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE
2. CHALLENGES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE
3. IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
4. MAJOR CROPS AND CROPPING PATTERNS IN INDIA
5. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CROPPING PATTERNS
6. ECONOMIC FACTORS: IRRIGATION, SUBSIDIES, MSP, FREE POWER
7. CROP CLASSIFICATION - BASED ON THE TYPE OF CROP
8. CROP CLASSIFICATION - BASED ON SUITABLE CLIMATIC REGIONS
9. CROP CLASSIFICATION - BASED ON GROWING SEASONS
10. DIVERSITY OF CROPS GROWN ACROSS THE COUNTRY
11. MAJOR FOOD CROPS IN INDIA - RICE, WHEAT, MILLETS, JOWAR, BAJRA, MAIZE
12. OILSEEDS
13. CASH CROPS - COTTON, JUTE, SUGARCANE
14. PLANTATION CROP - TEA, COFFEE, RUBBER

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LECTURE 24
1. CROP DIVERSIFICATION
2. FOOD PROCESSING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES
3. NEED FOR FOOD PROCESSING
4. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA
5. FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
6. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
7. CHALLENGES TO FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
8. CYCLONES
9. TROPICAL CYCLONES
10. CONDITIONS FAVORABLE FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION
11. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
12. STRUCTURE OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE
13. CATEGORIES OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE
14. CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
15. PATH OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
16. WARNING OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
17. TEMPERATE CYCLONES
18. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPERATE CYCLONES
19. CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPERATE CYCLONES
20. TROPICAL CYCLONES AND INDIA

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LECTURE 25
1. OCEAN RELIEF
2. MAJOR OCEAN RELIEF FEATURES
3. CONTINENTAL SHELF
4. CONTINENTAL SLOPE
5. CONTINENTAL RISE
6. DEEP SEA PLAIN OR ABYSSAL PLAIN
7. OCEANIC DEEPS OR TRENCHES
8. MID-OCEANIC RIDGES OR SUBMARINE RIDGES
9. ABYSSAL HILLS
10. SUBMARINE CANYONS
11. ATOLL
12. BANK, SHOAL, AND REEF
13. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY OF OCEANIC RELIEF
14. MARGINAL SEAS
15. WATER CIRCULATION IN MARGINAL SEAS
16. BAYS, GULFS, AND STRAITS
17. CHOKE POINT
18. ISTHMUS
19. IMPORTANT LAKES OF THE WORLD
20. MAJOR PLATEAUS OF THE WORLD

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LECTURE 26
1. OCEAN CURRENTS
2. PRIMARY FORCES RESPONSIBLE FOR OCEAN CURRENTS
3. TYPES OF OCEAN CURRENT
4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OCEAN CURRENTS
5. EFFECTS OF OCEAN CURRENTS
6. EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN CURRENTS
7. GULF STREAM AND NORTH ATLANTIC DRIFT
8. INDIAN OCEAN CURRENTS AND MONSOONS
9. TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS
10. FACTORS AFFECTING TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS
11. VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS
12. TIDES
13. FACTORS CONTROLLING THE NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF TIDES
14. TYPES OF TIDES
15. EBB AND FLOOD
16. CHARACTERISTICS OF TIDES
17. TIDAL BORE
18. IMPACT OF TIDAL BORE

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LECTURE 27
1. CORAL REEF
2. CORAL BLEACHING OR CORAL REEF BLEACHING
3. CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL CORAL BLEACHING
4. OCEAN SALINITY
5. FACTORS AFFECTING OCEAN SALINITY
6. HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF SALINITY
7. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SALINITY
8. SALT BUDGET
9. OCEAN RESOURCES
10. BIOTIC RESOURCES
11. MINERAL RESERVES
12. ENERGY RESERVES
13. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC)
14. WAVE ENERGY
15. TIDAL ENERGY
16. BLUE ECONOMY
17. CHALLENGES FOR BLUE ECONOMY
18. BLUE ECONOMY FOR INDIA
19. OCEANIC TRENCHES
20. HADAL ZONE
21. IMPORTANT TRENCHES OF THE WORLD
22. IMPORTANT PENINSULAS IN THE WORLD

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LECTURE 28
1. MINERAL RESOURCES
2. CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
3. IRON ORE
4. RESERVES AND DISTRIBUTION OF IRON ORE
5. MANGANESE
6. MANGANESE ORE DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA
7. BAUXITE
8. BAUXITE MINES
9. ALUMINIUM PLANTS IN INDIA
10. COPPER
11. COPPER DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA
12. NICKEL
13. NICKEL DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA
14. MICA
15. MICA RESERVES IN INDIA
16. COAL
17. GONDWANA COALFIELDS
18. DISTRIBUTION OF COAL IN INDIA
19. LIGNITE
20. PEAT
21. COAL RESERVES IN INDIA BY STATE
22. PETROLEUM
23. EAST COAST
24. PROBABLE AREAS
25. OIL IN INDIA
26. PETROLEUM REFINING IN INDIA
27. CUDE OIL AND LPG PIPELINES
28. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVES
29. NATURAL GAS IN INDIA
30. IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA
31. DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL GAS IN INDIA
32. OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION (ONGC)
33. ISLANDS
34. LIST OF THE MAJOR ISLANDS OF THE WORLD

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LECTURE 29
1. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
2. LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
3. RAW MATERIALS
4. POWER
5. MARKET
6. TRANSPORT
7. LABOUR
8. INDUSTRIAL POLICY
9. MAJOR INDUSTRIES
10. MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF INDIA
11. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
12. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
13. COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
14. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
15. SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY IN INDIA
16. FERTILIZER INDUSTRY

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LECTURE 30
1. AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY
2. NEED FOR AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY
3. COMPONENTS OF AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY
4. POLICIES BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY
5. RUBBER INDUSTRY
6. SOURCES OF NATURAL RUBBER
7. CULTIVATION OF RUBBER TREES
8. PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF RUBBER
9. STATUS OF RUBBER PRODUCTION IN INDIA
10. EXPORTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RUBBER
11. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
12. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
13. PAPER INDUSTRY GROWTH PATTERN
14. LOCATION FACTORS OF PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
15. FACTS ABOUT THE PAPER INDUSTRY
16. CHALLENGES IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY
17. CEMENT INDUSTRY
18. LOCATIONAL FACTORS IN CEMENT INDUSTRY
19. ANALYSIS OF INDIAN CEMENT INDUSTRY
20. LEADING PRODUCER AND CONSUMER STATES IN CEMENT INDUSTRY
21. CHALLENGES IN CEMENT INDUSTRY
22. INDUSTRIAL REGIONS
23. FACTORS INFLUENCING GLOBAL INDUSTRY LOCATION
24. INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF INDIA
25. MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD
26. TRANSPORT

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LECTURE 31
1. ECONOMIC DISTANCE
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC DISTANCE
3. ROLE OF ECONOMIC DISTANCE IN LOCATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
4. OPERATING COSTS IN TRANSPORT
5. FREIGHT RATES
6. ROADWAYS OF THE WORLD
7. RAILWAYS OF THE WORLD
8. IMPORTANT SEA ROUTES
9. SHIPPING CANALS
10. INLAND WATERWAYS
11. INTER-CONTINENTAL AIR ROUTES
12. ENERGY RESOURCES
13. CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES
14. CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY AND NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
15. COAL
16. PETROLEUM
17. NATURAL GAS
18. GENERAL TRENDS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
19. NATIONAL WATERWAYS IN INDIA
20. NATIONAL WATERWAYS
21. OPERATIONAL NATIONAL WATERWAYS IN INDIA
22. 25 NATIONAL WATERWAYS FOUND FEASIBLE FOR CARGO/PASSENGER MOVEMENT
23. MAJOR SEA PORTS IN INDIA
24. LIST OF IMPORTANT PORTS IN INDIA

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LECTURE 32
1. HYDROELECTRIC POWER
2. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRO PROJECTS BASED ON INSTALLED CAPACITY
3. ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER
4. DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER
5. HYDROPOWER SCENARIO IN INDIA
6. ISSUES IN HYDROPOWER GENERATION
7. SOLUTIONS FOR HYDROPOWER
8. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESOURCES
9. NUCLEAR ENERGY
10. TYPES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
11. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESOURCES ON EARTH
12. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA
13. NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
14. SOLAR ENERGY
15. SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS
16. WIND ENERGY
17. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
18. IMPORTANT GULFS OF THE WORLD
19. PIRACY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
20. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GULFS AND BAYS

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LECTURE 33
1. TIDAL ENERGY
2. HOW IS POWER GENERATED FROM TIDAL ENERGY
3. TIDAL ENERGY POTENTIAL OF INDIA
4. CHALLENGES OF TIDAL ENERGY
5. ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY
6. LIMITATIONS OF TIDAL ENERGY
7. WAVE ENERGY
8. WAVE ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY
9. WAVE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
10. ADVANTAGES OF WAVE ENERGY
11. DISADVANTAGES OF WAVE ENERGY
12. BIOMASS ENERGY
13. CONVERTING BIOMASS TO ENERGY
14. COGENERATION
15. ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY
16. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY
17. BIO-ENERGY'S ROLE IN MEETING INDIA’S ENERGY DEMANDS
18. VARIOUS GOVERNMENT EFFORTS IN REAPING BIOENERGY
19. NATIONAL MISSION ON THE USE OF BIOMASS IN COAL-BASED THERMAL POWER PLANTS
20. IMPORTANT SEAS OF THE WORLD
21. MAJOR STRAITS OF THE WORLD

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LECTURE 34
1. POPULATION
2. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
3. DENSITY OF POPULATION
4. COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
5. MIGRATION
6. TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH
7. SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE
8. IMPACT OF POPULATION CHANGE
9. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
10. POPULATION COMPOSITION
11. AGE STRUCTURE
12. RURAL-URBAN POPULATION
13. POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES
14. TRIBES
15. GROWTH OF TRIBAL POPULATION
16. DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES
17. TRIBAL ECONOMY
18. CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIAN TRIBES
19. MEASURES TAKEN TOWARDS TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT
20. EUROPE
21. AFRICA

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LECTURE 35
1. AGRICULTURE
2. PRIMITIVE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
3. INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
4. PLANTATION AGRICULTURE
5. EXTENSIVE COMMERCIAL GRAIN CULTIVATION
6. MIXED FARMING
7. DAIRY FARMING
8. MARKET GARDENING AND HORTICULTURE
9. TRUCK FARMING
10. FACTORY FARMING
11. COLLECTIVE FARMING
12. FOOT LOOSE INDUSTRIES
13. CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENTS
14. TYPES AND PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENTS
15. RURAL SETTLEMENTS
16. URBAN SETTLEMENTS
17. CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS
18. FUNCTIONS OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS
19. TYPES OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS
20. DISTRIBUTION OF MEGA CITIES
21. GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND CHANGES

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