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The document discusses natural phenomena related to electricity, including static charges, methods of charging objects (friction, conduction, induction), and the principles of electroscopes. It also covers lightning, earthquakes, and their causes, along with safety measures such as lightning conductors. Additionally, it includes assignment questions and case studies related to the concepts presented.

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19 views2 pages

Certificate

The document discusses natural phenomena related to electricity, including static charges, methods of charging objects (friction, conduction, induction), and the principles of electroscopes. It also covers lightning, earthquakes, and their causes, along with safety measures such as lightning conductors. Additionally, it includes assignment questions and case studies related to the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

madhavnagpal2078
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BCM SCHOOL

A SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL OF BCM FOUNDATION AFFILIATED TO CBSE NEW DELHI


SYNOPSIS AND ASSIGNMENT - SCIENCE, CLASS VIII,
CH-12 SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA

• Every substance is made of atoms, which contains positive and negative particles.
• When the positive and negative particles are equal in number and balance each other than the
substance is electrically neutral.
• Substances like polythene and wool are poor conductors of electricity: their negative particles
tend to remain at rest. But when these substances are rubbed, their electrons do not escape from
them but get accumulated at the surface. The charges which are at rest are called static charges.
• Charges are also of two types: Positive charge and negative charge.
• An electrically neutral body can be charged by following ways:-
• Friction:- When an object is rubbed against any other object, equal and opposite charge is
developed on them, this method is called friction
• Conduction: When a charged body touches an uncharged object, some of charge gets transferred
on the uncharged body, this method is called conduction.
• Induction:- When a charged body is brought near a charged object, opposite charges developed
over the body, this method is called induction.
• A glass rod always attains a positive charge when rubbed by a silk cloth and an equal amount of
negative charge is attained by silk cloth.
• Like charges always repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
• Electroscope is a device that is used to detect the presence of charge on the object. It works on
the principle that like charges always repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
It is used to detect:
Whether an object is charged or uncharged
The magnitude of the charge
The type (nature) of charges on an object.
When the object touches the bent pipe of the uncharged electroscope, and the leaves of the
electroscope diverge this means that the object is charged.
If the electroscope is charged positively by rubbing it with glass rod then leaves will move apart
because of same charge.
On touching the electroscope with any object if the divergence increases it means that the object is
positively charged.
If the distance between the leaves decreases that means the object has a negative charge.
• The process of transferring of charge from a charged body to a good conductor is called discharging.
• When the charge discharged into the earth. It is called earthing.
• Lightning is the huge electric spark produced by rubbing or accumulation of opposite charges,
Lightning may occur within the same cloud, between the two clouds and between ground and cloud.
• The explosive sound heard during lightning is called thunder.
• Lightning Conductor is a device used to protect buildings from the effect of lightning. Construction
and working of lightning conductor.
• Any sudden shaking of the earth's part for a short time is called earthquake.
• Tremors on earth can also be caused i) by the movements of the earth's tectonic plates, ii) by
volcanic eruptions iii) By underground nuclear explosion or iv) when a meteor hits the earth.
• The point deep underground from where the earthquake originates is called seismic focus.
• The point vertically above the focus on the surface of the earth is called epicentre.
• The areas or places on earth which are more prone to earthquake are called seismic zones or
fault zones.
• The intensity of an earthquake is expressed in terms of magnitude on the Richter scale.
• The earthquakes having magnitude higher than 7 on Richter's scale are disastrous.
• The instrument which can record the seismic waves produced by the tremor is called
Seismograph or Seismometer.

ASSIGNMENT
Answer the following questions:
1. Define: Lightning, earthing, earthquake, seismic or fault zone, seismic focus, epicentre
2. Is it possible to predict the occurrence of an earthquake?
3. Plastic straws A and B are rubbed with dry cotton cloth. What will happen, if they are brought
near each other?
4. During the construction of a building, the lightning conductor was left hanging in the air by
mistake. Would the lightning conductor be still effective? Explain.
5. Explain why it is safer to use a wireless telephone instead of a landline telephone during
lightning.
6. Write different ways by which we can charge an uncharged objects.
7. Write various effects of earthquake.
8. What is lightning conductor? Describe it’s construction and working.
9. What are the factors which causes tremors on earth other than earthquake?
10.Why are lightning strikes more frequent in hilly areas?
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS:
1. Assertion: When both the strips of electroscope is charged with similar charge , they repel each
other and become wide open.
Reason: Like charges always repel each other.
2. Assertion: It is safer to stand under a tall tree during lightning.
Reason: Doing so will make you the target for lightning.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
CASE STUDY
You might have seen sparks on an electric pole when wires become loose. This phenomenon is quite
common when wind is blowing and shaking the wires. You might also have seen sparks when a plug is
loose in its socket. In ancient times, people did not understand the cause of these sparks. They were,
therefore, afraid of lightning and thought that the wrath of gods was visiting them. Now, of course, we
understand that lightning is caused by the accumulation of charges in the clouds. We need not be afraid of
lightning, but we have to take precautions to protect ourselves from the deadly sparks.
1 What is lightning? How is it caused?
2. Name a device that can protect buildings from lightning.
3. Write three precautions we should take to protect ourselves from lightning.

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