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307 03 RL RC Circuit

The document discusses the natural and step responses of first-order RL and RC circuits, which are governed by first-order differential equations. It highlights the significance of the time constant in determining how quickly voltages and currents approach steady-state values. Additionally, it includes examples to illustrate the analysis of these circuits when subjected to sudden changes in voltage or current sources.

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9 views26 pages

307 03 RL RC Circuit

The document discusses the natural and step responses of first-order RL and RC circuits, which are governed by first-order differential equations. It highlights the significance of the time constant in determining how quickly voltages and currents approach steady-state values. Additionally, it includes examples to illustrate the analysis of these circuits when subjected to sudden changes in voltage or current sources.

Uploaded by

erenylmz2241
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.

Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits

RL and RC circuits are also known as first-order circuits, because their


voltages and currents are described by first-order differential equations

7.1 The Natural Response of an RL Circuit

Known as a first-order ordinary differential


equation, because it contains terms involving
the ordinary derivative of the unknown

Lets find by using Laplace Transform


The Significance of the Time Constant
Determines the rate at which the current or voltage approaches zero. The reciprocal of this ratio
is the time constant of the circuit, denoted
EXAMPLE:
7.2 The Natural Response of an RC Circuit

The natural response of an RC circuit is developed from the circuit shown in Fig

We begin by assuming that the switch has been in position a for a long time, allowing the loop
made up of the dc voltage source the resistor and the capacitor C to reach a steady-state
condition.

we will discuss how the capacitor voltage actually builds to the steady-state value of the dc
voltage source, but for now the important point is that when the switch is moved from
position a to position b (at t=0), the voltage on the capacitor is. Because there can be no
instantaneous change in the voltage at the terminals of a capacitor, the problem reduces to
solving the circuit shown in Fig.
Deriving the Expression for the Voltage
EXAMPLE:
7.3 The Step Response of RL and RC Circuits

We are now ready to discuss the problem of finding the currents and voltages generated in
first-order RL or RC circuits when either dc voltage or current sources are suddenly applied.

The Step Response of an RL Circuit

Energy stored in the inductor at the time the switch is closed is


given in terms of a nonzero initial current The task is to find the
expressions for the current in the circuit and for the voltage across
the inductor after the switch has been closed.

When the initial energy in the


inductor is zero, is zero.
EXAMPLE:
multiply by L
The Step Response of an RC Circuit

We can find the step response of a first order RC circuit by


analyzing the circuit shown in Fig.
EXAMPLE:

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