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This laboratory manual for CSE-241 at the Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, focuses on constructing circuits to add 4 and 8-bit numbers using 74LS83 adders. It covers the theory of parallel binary adders, including carry propagation techniques like ripple carry and look-ahead carry. The manual outlines tasks for building and verifying circuits for both 4-bit and 8-bit addition using LEDs to observe outputs.

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3 views

Manual_8

This laboratory manual for CSE-241 at the Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, focuses on constructing circuits to add 4 and 8-bit numbers using 74LS83 adders. It covers the theory of parallel binary adders, including carry propagation techniques like ripple carry and look-ahead carry. The manual outlines tasks for building and verifying circuits for both 4-bit and 8-bit addition using LEDs to observe outputs.

Uploaded by

dlpkrshna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Design CSE-241

INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, KARACHI


Digital Logic Design (CSE-241)
Laboratory Manual
LAB # 8
4 & 8-bit Adder
Objective:

In the last experiment we built a pair of adders and used them to add 2-bit numbers. In this lab we will
construct circuits to add 4 & 8-bit numbers.

Equipment: Components:

1. One- Single Polarity Variable DC Power 1. Two- 4-bit Adder, 74LS83


Supply 2. Switches
2. Logic Probe 3. LEDs
4. One- Bread Board

Note: Do consult the data sheets before connecting you ICs

Theory:

PARALLEL BINARY ADDERS:

To add binary numbers consisting of more than one binary term two or more full adders can be used. To
add two binary numbers, a full-adder is required for each bit in the numbers, so for 2-bit numbers, two
address are needed; for 4-bit numbers, four adders are used.

2-bit Binary Adder:

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Digital Logic Design CSE-241

3-bit Binary Adder:

Carry Propagation:

There are two usual techniques used for the propagation of carry bit from one state to another in a
binary adder.

Ripple carry:

When the carry from the first state is computed first and then passed on to the next state. And the same
keeps happening for the stages to come. The advantage of this technique is a simple circuit construction
but it causes a long propagation delay.

Look-Ahead carry:

To counter the problem of propagation delay faced in a ripple carry the look ahead technique is used. As
the signal from Ci to the output carry Ci+1, propagates through an AND and OR gates, so, for an n-bit RCA,
there are 2n gate levels for the carry to propagate from input to output. The expressions for the carry
look ahead can be computed as under

Pi = Ai ⊕ Bi steady state value

Gi = AiBi steady state value

Output sum and carry

Si = Pi ⊕ Ci

Ci+1 = Gi + PiCi

Gi : carry generate Pi : carry propagate

C0 = input carry

C1 = G0 + P0C0

C2 = G1 + P1C1 = G1 + P1G0 + P1P0C0

C3 = G2 + P2C2 = G2 + P2G1 + P2P1G0 + P2P1P0C0

 C3 does not have to wait for C2 and C1 to propagate.

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Digital Logic Design CSE-241

Logic Diagram:

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Digital Logic Design CSE-241

The 4-Bit Parallel Adder (IC 74LS83)

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Digital Logic Design CSE-241

Adder Expansion:
Binary adders can be cascaded together to perform addition/subtraction for any size of numbers. Below
are basic block diagrams of how multiple adders could be cascaded to perform large number additions.

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Digital Logic Design CSE-241

Task 1:
 Can you figure out which carry propagation technique the 74’83 uses?
 Find the fan-out capability of 74’83.

Task 2:
 Construct a circuit using 74’83 for adding two 4-bit numbers.
 Verify the operation of your 4 bit adder for any 6 input number combinations.
 Use LEDs to observe the output of the addition.
 Save your circuit for the next task.

Task 3:
 Modify your circuit from task 2 so that now it adds two 8 bit numbers. You might need more
74’83 adders.
 Verify the operation of your 8 bit adder for any 6 input number combinations.
 Use LEDs to observe the output of the addition.

Faculty of Computer Science Page 6

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