RADIO PROCEDURES

PHONETIC ALPHABET :

A – Alpha (al fah) N – November (no vem ber)

B – Bravo ( bra voh) O – Oscar (oss cah)
C – Charlie ( char lee) P – Papa (pah pah)
D – Delta (dell tah) Q – Quebec (keh beck)
E – Echo ( eck oh) R – Romeo (row me oh)
F – Foxtrot (foks trot) S – Sierra (see air rah)
G – Golf (golf) T – Tango (tang go)
H – Hotel (hoh tell) U – Uniform (you nee form)
I – India (in dee ah) V – Victor (vik tah)
J – Juliet (jew lee ett) W – Whiskey (wiss key)
K – Kilo (key loh) X – X-ray (ecks ray)
L – Lima (lee mah) Y – Yankee (yank key)
M – Mike (mike) Z – Zulu (zoo loo)

NUMERALS :

0 – Zero (ze roh) 5 – Five (fife)

1 – One (wun) 6 – Six (six)
2 – Two (too) 7 – Seven (sev en)
3 – Three (tree) 8 – Eight (ait)
4 – Four (fow er) 9 – Nine (nin er)

TEST PROCEDURES :

1 – Unreadable 4 – Readable
2 – Readable now and then 5 – Perfectly Readable
3 – Readable, but with didiculty
EXAMPLE OF TEST TRANSMISSION :
AIRCRAFT : “Rand Tower, ZS-MOC, Radio check on 118.7”
TOWER : “ZS-MOC, Rand Tower, reading strength 5 how do you read?”
AIRCRAFT: “ Strength 5, MOC”

PRACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

CONSIDERATIONS :
• Make sure you have selected the correct frequency, turned the volume
control up.
• Listen our for 5 sec before pressing the Push-To-Talk button, to avoid
interrupting other stations.
• Use standard phraseology as much as possible.
• Make you sure understood clearly what the controller requires. Don’t be
afraid to say “say again” if you don’t understand. If there is one particular
thing you didn’t hear ask tower to say that one aspect again.

STANDARD WORDS:

A"irm – Yes
Break Break – Indicate separation between messages to di4erent aircraft
Disregard – Consider the transmission as not sent
How do you read – how readable is my transmission
Monitor – Listen out on frequency
Negative – No or that is not correct
Re-cleared – the last clearance is superseded by this new clearance
Say Again – Repeat all or a specified part of your last transmission
Standby – Wait, I will call you back
 GERNERAL FLYING AREA

Pilot Good day Rand Tower, this is ZS-KSF

Tower ZS-KSF, Rand Tower good day go ahead

Pilot KSF C172 ……crew onboard …….hrs duration……..hrs endurance,

requesting taxi instructions for a flight to the Johannesburg general
flying area

Tower KSF taxi holding point runway 35 hold short runway 29 QNH 1024

Pilot QHN 1024 taxi holding point runway 35 hold short runway 29, KSF

Commence taxi to hold short runway 29

Pilot KSF request to cross runways 29

Tower KSF Cross runway 29

Pilot: Cross runway 29, KSF

Continue to taxi to the runup bay and do pre-take oL checks
Once complete taxi to the holding point

Pilot KSF ready holding point runway 35

Tower KSF Line up and wait runway 35

Pilot Line up and wait runway 35 KSF

Tower KSF runway 35 cleared take-o4 surface wind……….. left hand turn
VVVVVVVV report outbound silver ball 6300ft

Pilot Cleared Take runway 35, left hand turn report outbound silver ball
BBBBBBB 6300ft, KSF
On reaching silver ball

Pilot KSF outbound changing frequency 125.6

Tower KSF 125.6

General Flying Area
“KSF Outbound Changing Frequency 125.6
Tower: KSF.
“KSF Ready Holding Point Runway 35”
Tower: KSF, Standby Departure
Tower: KSF, Confirm tra5ic on final approach runway 35 insight.
Pilot: A"irm tra5ic insight, KSF. (“Negative” - if tra5ic not insight)
Tower: KSF, Behind tra5ic final approach, line up and wait, runway 35 behind
Pilot: Behind tra5ic final approach, line up and wait, runway 35 behind, KSF
Tower: KSF, runway 35 cleared take-o5, surface wind…. Left turn report outbound Silver Ball 6300ft
Pilot: Cleared take-o5, runway 35, left turn report outbound Silver Ball 6300ft, KSF
 SPECIAL RULE AREA

When leave the Rand Airport ATZ overhead the silver ball you enter the
Special Rule South Area 125.6 unless routing outbound to the North then
you enter Special Rule West Area 125.8, use the following template for
calls:

Tra$ic Addressing
Who and type
Where
Altitude
Routing
Who

EXAMPLEs OF TRANSMISSION:
“ TraMic Special Rule South ZS-OFU, C172 Overhead the Silver Ball at 6300ft Climbing to
7000ft on QNH 1024 routing to the JHB General Flying Area, OFU”.

“TraMic Special Rule West ZS-OFU, C172 East Abeam Sandton City at 7500ft routing to
Wonderboom, OFU”.

“TraMic Special Rule East ZS-JZS, P28A 5nm North East of Heidelberg Airfield changing
frequency 125.9, JZS”.

THE ABOVE TEMPLATE CAN BE USE IN THE GENERAL FLYING AREA

 ROUTING BACK TO RAND AIRPORT

When routing back from the General Flying Area call inbound overhead Mall
of the South maintaining 6500ft

If no contact/clearance established by Romeo Delta commence orbits

while broadcasting 125.6 and monitoring 118.7
Pilot: Rand Tower Good day ZS-SVH

Tower: ZS-SVH Rand Tower Good day, go ahead

Pilot: Overheard Mall of the South, 6500ft requesting inbound clearance

dddddf for a full stop, SVH

Tower: SVH QNH 1022, join and report right downwind runway 17 at
gggg. 6500ft

Pilot: Join and report right downwind runway 17 at 6500ft QNH 1022,
vvv. SVH

Continue to join the right downwind via the cemetery and once established

Pilot: SVH Right downwind runway 17, full stop

Tower: SVH Report Final Approach Runway 17 number 3, number on

bbbbb. base

Pilot: Report final Approach runaway 17 number 3, SVH

Continue to finals and once establishes

Pilot: SVH Final approach Runway 17

Tower: SVH surface wind…. runway 17 cleared to land

Pilot: Cleared to land runway 17

REMEMEBER TO DO DOWNWIND CHECKS BEFORE ENTERING BASE

WHEN CLEARED TO JOIN EITHER LEFT BASE RUNWAY 35 OR RIGHT BASE
RUNWAY 11
 “Rand Tower Good day, ZS-SVH”
Tower: SVH QNH 1022, join and report right downwind runway 17 at 6500ft
Pilot: Join and report right downwind at 6500ft runway 17 QNH 1022, SVH
“SVH right downwind runway 17, full stop”
Tower: SVH report final Approach runway 17 number 3
Pilot: Report Final Approach Runway 17 number 3, SVH
“SVH final approach runway 17”
Pilot: SVH final Approach runway 17
Tower: SVH surface wind….runway 17 cleared to land
Pilot: Cleared to land runways 17, SVH
ROUITING INBOUNG RAND
 CIRCUIT TRAINING

Pilot: Good day Rand tower this is ZS-SHR

Tower: ZS-SHR, Rand Tower good day, go ahead

Pilot: ……crew …….hrs duration …….hrs endurance requesting taxi vvvvvv

vv. instructions for circuits, SHR

Tower: SHR taxi holding point runway 11cross runway 35 QNH 1027

Pilot: QNH 1027 taxi holding point 11 cross runway 35, SHR

Commence taxi and do all before departure check at the run-up bay
Before crossing rwy 35 transponder ALT and all lights ON
Once completed taxy to the holding point

Pilot: SHR, ready holding point runway 11

Tower : SHR, do you require full length or intersection for departure?

Pilot: Full length for departure, SHR

Tower: SHR, enter backtrack runway 11 and report ready on the turnaround

Pilot: Enter back track runway 11 and report ready on the turnaround, SHR

As you enter the run transponder ALT and all light ON

Pilot: SHR ready for Take-o4

Tower: SHR runway 11 surface wind……cleared take-o4 right turn report right
downwind 6300ft

Pilot: Cleared for take-o4 runway 11 right turn report right downwind 6300ft,
SHR

Commence take-o4 and follow instruction given

Pilot: SHR right downwind runway 11 touch-and-go

Tower: SHR report final approach runway 11 number 2 number 1 short final

Pilot: Report final approach runway 11 number 2

Once established final app

Pilot: SHR final approach runway 11

Tower: SHR, surface wind ……runway 11 cleared touch-and-go

Pilot: Cleared touch-and-go runway 11, SHR

IN THE EVEN THAT YOU HAVE AN UNSATBLE APPROACH AND YOU

ARE UNABLE TO LAND INITIATE A GO-AROUND DO NOT REQUEST
FOR IT
ALWAYS INITIATE IT AND THEN COMMUNICATE

Pilot: SHR, going Around

Tower: SHR report right downwind runway 11at 6300ft

Pilot: Report right downwind runway 11 at 6300ft, SHR

In the event that tower calls for a go-around

Tower: SHR go-around, I say again go around report right downwind runway
11 at 6300ft

Pilot: Going Around, report right downwind 6300ft, SHR

 “SHR right downwind runway 11, touch-and-go”
DOWNWIND
Tower: SHR report final Approach runway 11 number 3, number 2 turning final
Pilot: Report Final Approach Runway 11 number 3, SHR

BASE LEG
CROSSWIND

UPWIND
FINAL APP
“SHR final approach runway 11”
Pilot: SHR final Approach runway 11
Tower: SHR surface wind…. runway 11 cleared touch-and-go
Pilot: Cleared touch-and-go runway 11, SHR
CIRCUIT TRAINING AT RAND
 In the event that tower required the pilot to do an orbit

Tower: SHR commence a left orbit report re-established on the right

downwind runway 11

Pilot: commence left orbit and report re-established right downwind runway
11,SHR

A 360° turn

Pilot: SHR re-established right downwind runway 11

Tower: SHR report final approach runway 11 number 2, number 1 is in final

Pilot: Report finals approach runway 11 number 2, SHR

When SOLO do not do an orbit on base, final and upwind rather

opt for Go-around

Tower: SHR commence a left orbit and report re-established left base
runway 35

Pilot: SHR unable to comply I will do a go-around

 UNMANNED PROCEDURES
To join an uncontrolled circuit in accordance with the standard overhead
joining procedures.

Always make sure to the approach the airfield at 2000ft agl and first radio
will be done at approx. 5-10nm inbound.

When starting at uncontrolled airfields including Rand Airport

when unmanned

Tra6ic Addressing
Who & type
Details
QNH
Intention
Who
EXAMPLE OF CALL:
“Rand TraMic, ZS-MOC, C172 parked hanger 33 …..crew …..hr duration …..hrs
endurance taxying to the holding point runway 35 will hold short runway 29 QNH 1026
for Circuits/flight to General Flying area, MOC”

and then report whenever crossing a runway, entering a runway, when rolling on the
runway, when airborne and on every leg in the circuit.

EXAMPLE: FARG (RUSTENBURG) AIRFEILD, ELEVATION 3700FT RUNWAY

16/34

1. “Rustenburg Tradic, ZS-MOC C172 inbound from the East

approximately 5mn to join overhead the airfield at 5700ft QNH 1020,
MOC”

2. “Rustenburg Tradic, MOC C172 overhead the airfield 5700ft for wind
sock inspection, MOC”
3. “Rustenburg Tradic, MOC C172 descending on the Western side of
the airfield to 4700ft to join the left downwind runway 16, MOC”

4. “Rustenburg Tradic, MOC overhead threshold 34 to join left

downwind runway 16, MOC”

5. “Rustenburg Tradic, MOC left downwind runway 16 touch-and-go,

MOC”

6. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC left base runway 16 touch-and-go, MOC”

7. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC final approach runway 16 touch-and-go,

MOC”
 __________

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
_
___________
JOINING UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACES
AFTER THE TOUCH-AND-GO WHEN LEAVING AN UNCONTROLLED
AIRSPACE

1. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC airborne runway 16, MOC”

2. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC left crosswind runway 16,MOC”

Continue the climb to circuit altitude

3. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC left downwind runway 16 4700ft routing

overhead the field, MOC”

4. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC overhead the field climbing to 5700ft

routing South towards Krugersdorp, MOC”

Continue the climb whilst listening out once approx. 5nm outbound

5. “Rustenburg Tradic MOC 5nm South of the airfield outbound

changing frequency to 124.8
LEAVING AN UNCONTOLLED AIRSPACE
 SPEAKING TO INFORMATION
When communicating to info we use the dumbbell method

Who & type?

Routing
Airborne
Request
ETA
ATD

Location

Pilot: Info South Good day from ZS-NBN

Info: ZS-NBN good day go ahead

Pilot: C172 airborne Rand Airport 0700z overhead FochVille at 7000ft

requesting FL085 routing Klerksdorp ETA 0900z, NBN

Info: NBN no reported tradic for the climb report maintaining

Pilot: No reported tradic report maintaining, NBN

Continue the climb as directed once established

Pilot: NBN maintaining FL085

Info: NBN report ready for the descend or when you have the field
insight

Pilot : Report ready for descend or field insight, NBN

Approx. 10nm inbound the airfield @TOD

Pilot: NBN ready for the descend

Info: NBN tradic to adect the descend is piper Cherokee on you

12o’clock approx. 6nm Klerksdorp QNH 1018 broadcast 123.0
report airborne next

Pilot: I will keep a good lookout for tradic QNH 1018 broadcast 123.0
and report airborne next, NBN

FLYING TO OTHER CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

Pilot: Wonderboom Tower good day this ZS-KBW

Tower: ZS-KBW Wonderboom tower good day go ahead

Pilot: Piper Cherokee ……crew on board ……hrs endurance airborne

Rustenburg 0930z overhead/ West abeam Rosslyn at 6500ft
requesting a touch-and-go routing to Rand Airport, KBW

Tower: KBW cleared inbound 5500ft QNH 1021 join and report right
downwind runway 29 overhead Bon accord dam at 5100ft

Pilot: Cleared inbound 5500ft QHN 1021 join and report right downwind
overhead Bon Accord Dam 5100ft, KBW