1) Write a c program to demonstrate the working of arithmetic operators (Associativity and

precedence of arithmetic operators is expected)

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2, result;

// Demonstrating precedence and associativity

result = a + b * c; // '*' has higher precedence than '+'
printf("Result of a + b * c = %d\n", result);

result = (a + b) * c; // Parentheses override precedence

printf("Result of (a + b) * c = %d\n", result);

result = a - b / c; // '/' has higher precedence than '-'

printf("Result of a - b / c = %d\n", result);

result = (a - b) / c; // Parentheses change the order of evaluation

printf("Result of (a - b) / c = %d\n", result);

result = a + b - c; // '+' and '-' have the same precedence; evaluated left to right
printf("Result of a + b - c = %d\n", result);

result = a * b / c; // '*' and '/' have the same precedence; evaluated left to right
printf("Result of a * b / c = %d\n", result);

return 0;
}

2) Write a c Program to find maximum of two numbers using conditional operator.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num1, num2, max;

// Input two numbers from the user

printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

// Using the conditional operator to find the maximum number

max = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;

// Output the result

printf("The maximum of %d and %d is: %d\n", num1, num2, max);

return 0;
}

3) Write a c Program to find maximum of three numbers using logical operators.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num1, num2, num3;

// Input three numbers from the user

printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &num1, &num2, &num3);
 // Using logical operators to find the maximum number
if ((num1 >= num2) && (num1 >= num3)) {
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num1);
}
else if ((num2 >= num1) && (num2 >= num3)) {
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num2);
}
else {
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num3);
}

return 0;
} #include <stdio.h>

int main() {
// Default values for num1, num2, and num3
int num1 = 15, num2 = 25, num3 = 20;

// Using logical operators to find the maximum number

if ((num1 >= num2) && (num1 >= num3)) {
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num1);
}
else if ((num2 >= num1) && (num2 >= num3)) {
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num2);
}
else {
printf("The maximum number is: %d\n", num3);
}

return 0;
}

4) Write a c Program to display Quotient and Remainder of division of two variable.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
// Default values for num1 and num2
int num1 = 25, num2 = 4, quotient, remainder;

// Check if num2 is zero to avoid division by zero

if (num2 == 0) {
printf("Error! Division by zero is not allowed.\n");
} else {
// Calculating quotient and remainder
quotient = num1 / num2;
remainder = num1 % num2;

// Output the quotient and remainder

printf("Default values: num1 = %d, num2 = %d\n", num1, num2);
printf("Quotient of %d divided by %d is: %d\n", num1, num2, quotient);
printf("Remainder of %d divided by %d is: %d\n", num1, num2, remainder);
}

return 0;
}

5) Write a C Program which illustrate increment and decrement operators (use of pre and post
increment is expected)
 #include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 5;

// Pre-increment: Increment the value first, then use it

printf("Pre-increment: \n");
printf("Initial value of num: %d\n", num);
printf("Value after pre-increment: %d\n", ++num); // Increments num and then uses it
printf("Value of num after pre-increment operation: %d\n\n", num);

// Post-increment: Use the value first, then increment it

printf("Post-increment: \n");
printf("Initial value of num: %d\n", num);
printf("Value after post-increment: %d\n", num++); // Uses num, then increments it
printf("Value of num after post-increment operation: %d\n\n", num);

// Pre-decrement: Decrement the value first, then use it

printf("Pre-decrement: \n");
printf("Initial value of num: %d\n", num);
printf("Value after pre-decrement: %d\n", --num); // Decrements num and then uses it
printf("Value of num after pre-decrement operation: %d\n\n", num);

// Post-decrement: Use the value first, then decrement it

printf("Post-decrement: \n");
printf("Initial value of num: %d\n", num);
printf("Value after post-decrement: %d\n", num--); // Uses num, then decrements it
printf("Value of num after post-decrement operation: %d\n", num);

return 0;
}

6) Write a program to display the size of different data types.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
// Display size of various data types
printf("Size of char: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(char));
printf("Size of int: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(int));
printf("Size of float: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(float));
printf("Size of double: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(double));
printf("Size of long: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(long));
printf("Size of long long: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(long long));
printf("Size of short: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(short));
printf("Size of unsigned int: %zu bytes\n", sizeof(unsigned int));

return 0;
}

7)Write a program to swap the values of two variables using bitwise operator(^).
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 5, b = 9;

printf("Before swapping: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

// Swapping using XOR

 a = a ^ b; // Step 1: a now holds the result of a ^ b
b = a ^ b; // Step 2: b now holds the original value of a
a = a ^ b; // Step 3: a now holds the original value of b

printf("After swapping: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

return 0;
}

8)Write a c program which illustrate the use of Bitwise And, Bitwise Or and Bitwise XOR operator.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 5; // Binary: 0101
int b = 3; // Binary: 0011

printf("a & b = %d\n", a & b); // Bitwise AND

printf("a | b = %d\n", a | b); // Bitwise OR
printf("a ^ b = %d\n", a ^ b); // Bitwise XOR

return 0;
}
a & b: Performs bitwise AND. Example: 0101 & 0011 = 0001 (Decimal 1).
a | b: Performs bitwise OR. Example: 0101 | 0011 = 0111 (Decimal 7).
a ^ b: Performs bitwise XOR. Example: 0101 ^ 0011 = 0110 (Decimal 6).

9)Write a c program which illustrate biutwise left shift and right shift operators.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 8; // Binary: 1000

// Left shift by 1 position

int leftShift = num << 1; // Binary: 10000 (Decimal: 16)

// Right shift by 1 position

int rightShift = num >> 1; // Binary: 0100 (Decimal: 4)

printf("Original number: %d\n", num);

printf("After left shift (num << 1): %d\n", leftShift);
printf("After right shift (num >> 1): %d\n", rightShift);

return 0;
}
```

### Explanation:
1. **Left Shift (`<<`)**:
- Shifts all bits of the number to the left by the specified number of positions.
- Adds `0` bits on the right.
- Example: `8 << 1` shifts `1000` to `10000` (Decimal `16`).

2. **Right Shift (`>>`)**:

- Shifts all bits of the number to the right by the specified number of positions.
- Removes bits on the right and may add `0` or `1` on the left depending on the system and sign of the
number.
 - Example: `8 >> 1` shifts `1000` to `0100` (Decimal `4`).

### Output:
```
Original number: 8
After left shift (num << 1): 16
After right shift (num >> 1): 4
10) Write a C program to check Least Significant Bit(LSB) of a number is set or not.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 10; // Default number, you can change this value

printf("The number is: %d\n", num);

// Check the Least Significant Bit

if (num & 1) {
printf("The Least Significant Bit (LSB) of %d is set (1).\n", num);
} else {
printf("The Least Significant Bit (LSB) of %d is not set (0).\n", num);
}

return 0;
}

Explanation:

 The program uses num = 10 as the default value. You can modify this default value as needed.

 It then checks whether the LSB is set (1) or not (0) using num & 1.
11) Write a c program to check most Significant Bit of a number is set or not.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h> // For CHAR_BIT

int main() {
int num = -1; // Default number (you can change this value)

// Calculate the MSB mask for a 32-bit integer

unsigned int msbMask = 1U << (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1);

printf("The number is: %d\n", num);

// Check the Most Significant Bit

if (num & msbMask) {
printf("The Most Significant Bit (MSB) of %d is set (1).\n", num);
} else {
printf("The Most Significant Bit (MSB) of %d is not set (0).\n", num);
}

return 0;
}
12) Write a C program to flip bits of a binary number using bitwise operator.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
unsigned int num = 10; // Default number (Binary: 1010)
 printf("Original number: %u\n", num);

// Flip the bits using ~ operator

unsigned int flipped = ~num;

printf("Number after flipping bits: %u\n", flipped);

return 0;
}

13)Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd using bitwise operator.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 7; // Default number (you can change this value)

printf("The number is: %d\n", num);

// Check if the number is even or odd

if (num & 1) {
printf("%d is an odd number.\n", num);
} else {
printf("%d is an even number.\n", num);
}

return 0;
}