‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻧﺴﺒﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ⇦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺔ ⇦ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻡ ⇦ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ⇦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ⇦ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ⇦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ‪10:49:57 2025-02-22 :‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ | ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ | ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻟﺐ | ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ | ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ | ﺣﻠﻮﻝ | ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺑﻮﺭﺑﻮﻳﻨﺖ | ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻱ | ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ | ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺑﻨﻮﻙ | ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ | ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪Jarwan Mutasem :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺒﺒﻮﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻐﺮﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻧﺴﺒﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺝ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻧﺴﺒﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻮﺭﺑﻮﻳﻨﺖ ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

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 Grade 10 ADV Physics

EOT2 Sample Questions

2024/2025 Exam coverage

Mutasem Jarwan
MCQ Questions
 1
LO: Sate Ohm’s law and applies it to simple circuits (ΔV=IR) and define a resistor as a
device designed to have a specific resistance and identify its SI unit as ohms (Ω).

RF: Student Book

P.(93 - 94)

EX: P.96
Q.(13 - 18)
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
Ohm’s law: The current through a resistor is 13. An automobile panel lamp with a resistance of
directly proportional to the potential 33 Ω is placed across the battery shown in Figure 10.
difference across it. What is the current through the circuit?

∆𝑉
𝑅
𝐼
∆𝑉
𝑅
𝑉 𝐼
Unit of 𝑅 Ω
𝐴 Ohm’s ∆𝑉 12
𝐼 0.36 𝐴
𝑅 33
Resistor: a device designed to have a
specific resistance.

Resistors are used to Control

the current in a circuit.
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
14. A sensor uses 2 10 𝐴 of current when 15. A motor with the operating resistance of 32 Ω is
it is operated by the battery shown in Figure connected to a voltage source as shown in Figure 12.
12. What is the resistance of the sensor circuit? What is the voltage of the source?

∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
𝑅 𝑅
𝐼 𝐼

3 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
𝑅 1.5 10 Ω
2 10
∆𝑉 3.8 32 121.6 𝑉
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
16. A lamp draws a current of 0.50 A when it is 17. A 75 W lamp is connected to 125 V.
connected to a 120 V source.

a. What is the resistance of the lamp? a. What is the current through the lamp?

∆𝑉 120 𝑃 75
𝑅 240 Ω 𝐼 0.6 𝐴
𝐼 0.5 ∆𝑉 125

b. What is the power consumption of the lamp? b. What is the resistance of the lamp?

𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉 0.5 120 60 𝑊 ∆𝑉 125

𝑅 208.3 Ω
𝐼 0.6
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
18. CHALLENGE A resistor is added to the lamp in the previous problem to reduce the current to
half its original value.

a. What is the potential difference across the lamp?

∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0.3 208.3 62.5 𝑉

b. How much resistance was added to the circuit?

𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
∆𝑉 125
𝑅 416.6 Ω 𝑅 416.6 208.3 208.3 Ω
𝐼 0.3 416.6 208.3 𝑅

C. At what rate does the lamp transform electrical energy

into radiant and thermal energy?

𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉 0.3 62.5 18.75 𝑊

 2
LO: Analyze simple electrical circuits that contain combinations of resistors and
batteries and evaluate the current passing each resistor and the potential
difference across it.

RF: Student Book

P.(91 - 92)

EX: P.92
Q.(8 – 12)
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
8. Draw a circuit diagram to include a 60.0 V battery, an ammeter, 10. Add a voltmeter to measure the
and a resistance of 12.5 Ω in series. Draw arrows on your diagram potential difference across the
to indicate the direction of the current. resistors in the previous two
problems. Label the voltmeters.
A

ⴙ
4.80 A
A
60.0 V 12.5 ⍀
ⴚ
ⴙ
I
V
ⴚ
I

9. Draw a circuit diagram showing a 4.5 V battery, a resistor, and

an ammeter that reads 85 mA. Show the direction of the current
using conventional rules and indicate the positive terminal of the
battery.
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
11. Draw a circuit using a battery, a lamp, a 12. CHALLENGE Repeat the previous problem, adding an
potentiometer to adjust the lamp’s ammeter and a voltmeter across the lamp.
brightness, and an on-off switch.

Lamp
V

ⴙ
Battery ⴙ
ⴚ A
Switch
Potentiometer ⴚ

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ci
rcuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-
construction-kit-dc_en.html
 3
LO: Sate Ohm’s law and identify devices which obey Ohm’s law and apply it to simple
circuits (ΔV=RI).

RF: Student Book

P.(93 - 94)

EX: P.94; P.97

Get it; Q.21
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
Ohm’s law: The current through a resistor is directly proportional to the
potential difference across it. Ohmic
resistance
A device having constant resistance independent of the potential difference
obeys Ohm’s law.
∆𝑉
𝑅
𝐼

Most metallic conductors obey Ohm’s law, at least over a limited range of voltages.

Many important devices, however, such as a phone or calculator, contain transistors and Non-Ohmic
diodes, which do not obey Ohm’s law. resistance

Ohmic resistance: resistance which obeys ohms law, it is constant

(linear). ex: most conductors.

Non-ohmic resistance: resistance which does not obey ohms law it is

varying (nonlinear). ex: transistors and diodes in electrical devices.
The two figures below show a graph of the changes in potential difference with electric
current for two electrical resistors, where figure (a) is for a metal resistor, and figure (b) is
for a lamp resistor.
‫( ﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬a) ‫ﻳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﻳﺎ ﻟﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻳﻥ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺗﻳﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬
.‫( ﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﺻﺑﺎﺡ‬b) ‫ﻓﻠﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬

#- Which of the two figures obeys Obama's law (Ohmic resistance)? Justify your answer.

‫ﺃﻱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻠﻳﻥ ﻳﺧﺿﻊ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﻡ )ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻭﻣﻳﺔ( ﺑﺭﺭ ﺍﺟﺎﺑﺗﻙ؟‬

The electric current as a function of voltage of a wire is presented by the (V, I) graph. Use the graph below to
answer items that follows:
:‫ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺩﺟﻧﺎﻩ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬.(V, I) ‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻙ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬
#- Find the resistance of the wire.
‫ﺍﻭﺟﺩ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻙ؟‬

#- What is the power dissipated in the resistor when the applied

voltage is 5 V?.
‫؟‬5V ‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻖ‬
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
∆
21. Resistance Joe states that because 𝑅 , if he increases the voltage, the
resistance will increase. Is Joe correct? Explain.

No;

resistance depends on the device. When V

increases, so will I.
 4
LO: Explore connecting resistors in series and in parallel and determine the properties and
uses of each kind of connection by studying the electric current and the potential
difference across each resistor.

RF:
Student Book
P.97
P.(104 – 105)
P.(109 – 111)

EX: P.105 Q.(42 – 46)

P.109 Q.(52 – 54)
P.112 Q.(55 – 58)
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
Series circuit: a circuit in which there is only one path for the
current
- In sires circuit the current across each resistor is the same
𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 …

- In sires the potential difference divide between the resistors

∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 …
- Calculating equivalent resistance ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
𝐼 𝑅 𝐼𝑅 𝐼 𝑅 𝐼 𝑅 … The equivalent resistance is always greater
than any individual resistance.

If one of the components is broken, then

𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 ⋯ all the other components will be off.
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
Parallel circuit: A circuit in which there are several paths for the
current to flaw.
- In parallel the potential difference across each resistor is the same
∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
- In parallel the current from the source divide between the resistors

𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
- Calculating equivalent resistance
∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 ∆𝑉
When using calculator 𝐼
1 1 1 1
𝑅
1 1 1
⋯ 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

42. Three 22 Ω resistors are connected in series 43. A 12 Ω, a 15 Ω, and a 5 Ω resistor are
across a 125 V generator. connected in a series circuit with a 75 V battery.
(a) What is the equivalent resistance of the
(a) What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?
circuit?
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

𝑅 22 22 22 66 Ω 𝑅 12 15 5 32 Ω
(a) What is the current in the circuit?
(b) What is the current in the circuit?
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
∆𝑉 75
∆𝑉 125 𝐼 2.34 A
𝑅 32
𝐼 1.9 A
𝑅 66
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

44. A string of lights has ten identical bulbs with 45. A 9 V battery is in a circuit with three resistors
equal resistances connected in series. When the connected in series.?
string of lights is connected to a 117 V outlet,
a. If the resistance of one of the resistors increases,
the current through the bulbs is 0.06 A. What is how will the equivalent resistance change?
the resistance of each bulb?
It will increase.
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 … 𝑅 𝑅 10𝑅 … 1
b. What will happen to the current
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
∆
∆𝑉 117 𝐼 , so it will decrease.
𝑅 1950 Ω … 2
𝐼 0.06
c. Will there be any change in the battery voltage?
Substitute 2 into 1:
No. It does not depend on the resistance.
1950 10𝑅 𝑅 195 Ω
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

46. CHALLENGE Calculate the potential differences across three resistors, 12 Ω, 15 Ω, and 5 Ω, that are
connected in series with a 75 V battery. Verify that the sum of their potential differences equals the
potential difference across the battery.

∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 2.3 12 28 V

∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 2.3 15 35 V

∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 2.3 5 12 V

∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 75 V  voltage of battery
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

52. A 22 Ω resistor and a 33 Ω resistor are 53. Three resistors of 3.3 kΩ, 4.7 kΩ, and 3.9 kΩ a
connected in series and are connected to a reconnected in series across a 12 V battery.
120 V power source.
a. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit? a. What is the equivalent resistance?
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 22 33 55 Ω 𝑅 3.3 4.7 3.9 11.9 𝑘Ω

b. What is the current in the circuit? b. What is the current through the resistors?
∆𝑉 120 ∆𝑉 12
𝐼 2.2 A 𝐼 0.001 A
𝑅 55 𝑅 11900
c. What is the potential difference across each resistor? c. Find the total potential difference across the three
resistors.
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 2.2 22 48.4 𝑉
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0.001 11900 11.9 𝑉
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 2.2 33 72.6 𝑉
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

54. CHALLENGE Select a resistor to be used as part of a voltage divider along with a 1.2 kΩ resistor.
The potential difference across the 1.2 kΩ resistor is to be 2.2 V when the supply is 12 V.

𝑅 1200 6545.45
∆𝑉𝑅
∆𝑉
𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 6545.45 1200 5345.45 Ω
12 1200
2.2
𝑅 1200 5.3 kΩ

2.2 𝑅 1200 14400

14400
𝑅 1200
2.2
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

55. You connect three 15.0 Ω resistors in parallel across a 30.0 V battery.
(a) What is the equivalent (b) What is the current (c) What is the current through
resistance of the parallel circuit? through the entire circuit? each branch of the circuit?

1 1 1 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 30 V
𝑅 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
Δ𝑉 30
∆𝑉 30 𝐼 2A
𝐼 6A 𝑅 15
1 1 1 𝑅 5
𝑅
15 15 15 Δ𝑉 30
𝐼 2A
𝑅 15
𝑅 5Ω
Δ𝑉 30
𝐼 2A
𝑅 15
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

56. Suppose you replace one of the 15.0 Ω resistors in the previous problem with a 10.0 Ω resistor.
(a) How does the equivalent (b) How does the current (c) How does the current through one
resistance change? through the entire circuit of the 15.0 Ω resistors change?
change?
1 1 1 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 30 V
𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
Δ𝑉 30
𝐼 3A
∆𝑉 30 𝑅 10
𝐼 7A
1 1 1 𝑅 30/7
𝑅 Δ𝑉 30
10 15 15
𝐼 2A
𝑅 15
30
𝑅 Ω Δ𝑉 30
7 𝐼 2A
𝑅 15
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

57. You connect a 120.0 Ω resistor, a 60.0 Ω resistor, and a 40.0 Ω resistor in parallel across a 12.0 V
battery.

(a) What is the equivalent (b) What is the current (c) What is the current through each
resistance of the parallel circuit? through the entire circuit? branch of the circuit?

1 1 1 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 12 V
𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
Δ𝑉 12
𝐼 0.1 A
∆𝑉 12 𝑅 120
1 1 1 𝐼 0.6 A
𝑅 𝑅 20 Δ𝑉 12
120 60 40 𝐼 0.2 A
𝑅 60

𝑅 20 Ω Δ𝑉 12
𝐼 0.3 A
𝑅 40
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan

58.CHALLENGE You are trying to reduce the resistance in a branch of a circuit from 150 Ω to 93 Ω. You
add a resistor to this branch of the circuit to make this change. What value of resistance should you use,
and how should you connect this resistor?

to reduce the resistance, a parallel resistor

should be added.
1 1 1 1 1 1 19
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 93 150 4650

1 1 1 4650
𝑅 245 Ω
93 150 𝑅 19
 7
LO: Analyze simple electrical circuits that contain combinations of resistors and batteries
and evaluate the current passing each resistor and the potential difference across it.

RF: Student Book

P.(104 – 112)

EX: P.,105
P.(108 - 109)
P.112
Q.(42 - 46)
Q.(47 - 54)
Q.(55 - 58)
 Calculate the equivalent resistance and the total current passing
Series Circuit through a series circuit

47. The circuit shown in Example Problem 4 is 49. Holiday lights often are connected in series and
producing these symptoms: the ammeter reads use special lamps that short out when the voltage
0 A, ∆𝑉 reads 0 V, and ∆𝑉 reads 45 V. What has across a lamp increases to the line voltage. Explain
happened? why. Also explain why these light sets might blow
their fuses after many bulbs have failed.
𝑅 has failed. It has infinite If not for the shorting mechanism, the
resistance, and the battery entire set would go out when one lamp
voltage appears across it. burns out. After several lamps fail and
then short, the reduced total resistance
of the remaining working lamps results
in an increased current that is sufficient
to blow the fuse.
 Calculate the equivalent resistance and the total current passing
Series Circuit through a series circuit

48. Suppose the circuit shown in (Example Problem 4) has these values: 𝑅 255 Ω,
𝑅 290 Ω and ∆𝑉 17 𝑉. No other information is available.
a. What is the current in the circuit? c. What is the total power used in the circuit,
and what is the power used in each resistor?
∆𝑉 17 𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉
𝐼 0.067 A 0.067 36.5 2.45 𝑊
𝑅 255
𝑃 𝐼 𝑅 0.067 255 1.15 𝑊
The current in the circuit is the same
Series connection 𝑃 𝐼 𝑅 0.067 290 1.3 𝑊
b. What is the potential difference across the
battery? d. Does the sum of the power used in each resistor in the
circuit equal the total power used in the circuit? Explain.
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0.067 255 17𝑉
Yes. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be
∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0.067 290 19.5 𝑉 created or destroyed; therefore, the rate at which energy is converted,
or power dissipated, will equal the sum of all parts.
∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 17 19.5 36.5 𝑉
 Calculate the equivalent resistance and the total current passing
Series Circuit through a series circuit

50. The circuit in Example Problem 4 has 51. CHALLENGE A series circuit is made up of a 12 V
unequal resistors. Explain why the resistor with battery and three resistors. The potential difference
the lower resistance will operate at a lower across one resistor is 1.2 V, and the potential
temperature. difference across another resistor is 3.3 V. What is
the voltage across the third resistor?
The resistor with the lower resistance
will dissipate less power, and thus will ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
be cooler.
12 1.2 3.3 ∆𝑉

∆𝑉 12 1.2 3.3

∆𝑉 7.5 V
Schematic diagrams (a) and (b), each showing one method of connecting three identical lamps in an electrical circuit to a
similar power supply line. Based on the schematic diagrams, answer the following:

‫ ﺍﺳﺗﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻳﻥ‬،‫( ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺩﻯ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬b) ‫( ﻭ‬a) ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻳﺎﻥ‬
:‫ ﺍﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻳﻳﻥ‬
What is the name of the way the three lamps are connected in each of
the schematic diagrams?

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻡ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻳﻥ؟‬

Schematic diagrams (a) Series connection

(a) ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬

Schematic diagrams (b) Parallel connection

(b) ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺯﻱ‬
Schematic diagrams (a) and (b), each showing one method of connecting three identical lamps in an electrical circuit to a
similar power supply line. Based on the schematic diagrams, answer the following:
‫ ﺍﺳﺗﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻳﻥ‬،‫( ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺩﻯ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬b) ‫( ﻭ‬a) ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻳﺎﻥ‬
:‫ ﺍﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻳﻳﻥ‬
" Study each schematic diagram (a) and (b) well, determine which one of them fits each
question in the table, by putting a sign (√).
.(√) ‫( ﺛﻡ ﺣﺩﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻧﻬﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻛﻝ ﺳﺅﺍﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬b)‫( ﻭ‬a) ‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻳﻳﻥ‬

Question Schematic diagrams

‫ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻲ‬
a b
1 Which diagram would have the highest voltage across each lamp?
√
‫ﺃﻱ ﻣﺧﻁﻁ ﺳﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺩ ﻋﺑﺭ ﻛﻝ ﻣﺻﺑﺎﺡ؟‬
2 In which diagram would the lamps be brighter?
√
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺻﺑﺎﺡ ﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻛﺛﺭ ﺳﻁﻭﻋﺎ؟‬
3 In which diagram if one lamp, blows out, all others will stop glowing?
√
‫ ﺗﻭﻗﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﻫﺞ؟‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺧﻁﻁ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻔﺟﺭ ﺍﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ‬
4 Which diagram would have less electric current in it?
√
‫ﺃﻱ ﻣﺧﻁﻁ ﺳﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻗﻝ؟‬
 5
LO: Explain how current in transmission lines is altered to reduce thermal energy
transformations.

RF: Student Book

P. (101)

EX: P.102
Q.(31 – 41)
 Explain how current in transmission lines is altered to
Electrical Energy Transmission reduce thermal energy transformations.

Providing Electrical Energy:

Power plants produce huge electric energy for a
whole city by using generators.

Generators: devices convert mechanical energy into

500,000 V 2,400 V
electric energy.
230 V
National grid is the network of power plants,
powerlines and electricity infrastructure that allows
electricity to be generated, transported and used
across the country.

Transformers: devices change the voltage.

Electric companies provide
Transmission lines are used to transfer electric electric energy (not power).
energy from generators to homes.
 Explain how current in transmission lines is altered to
Electrical Energy Transmission reduce thermal energy transformations.

How can the energy be transmitted over long distances with as little
transformation to thermal energy as possible?

The energy transform at a rate of (𝑃 𝐼 𝑅):

To reduce the loss by transmission lines, there are two ways
1. Resistance reduced: all cables have small resistance,
that depends on its length and the thickness of the wire.

Cables of high conductivity and large diameter (and therefore low

resistance) are expensive and heavy.
The resulting unwanted
2. Current reduced: by voltage increasing to keep power (𝑃 thermal energy the Joule
𝐼∆𝑉) constant.
heating loss, or 𝐼 𝑅 loss.
Increasing the voltage reduces the current without changing the power.
An electric heater with a resistance (R) works with a voltage ‫( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬120 volt) ‫( ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻔﺭﻕ ﺟﻬﺩ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬R) ‫ﻣﺩﻓﺄﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺗﻬﺎ‬
difference of (120 volt), if the amount of thermal energy ‫( ﺗﺳﺎﻭﻱ‬10.0 s) ‫ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻓﺄﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
produced by the heater during (10.0 s) is (2.0 10 𝐽).What ‫( ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻓﺄﺓ؟‬2.0 10 𝐽)
is the resistance of the heater?
 Convert energy in joules to kWh and calculate the consumption and cost of
Electrical Energy Transmission electrical energy used by different devices

31. An electric space heater draws 15.0 A from a 120 V source. It is operated, on the average, for 5.0 h
each day.

(a) How much power does the heater use? (c) At $0.12 per kWh, how much does it cost
to operate the heater for 30 days?
𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉 15 120 1800 W
¢ 𝐸 price 270 0.12 $ 32.4
(b) How much energy in kWh does it consume
in 30 days?
𝐸 𝑃𝑡 1800 30 5 60 60

𝐸 972 10 J
Convert the energy
972 10
𝐸 270 kWh
3.6 10
 Convert energy in joules to kWh and calculate the consumption and cost of
Electrical Energy Transmission electrical energy used by different devices

32. A digital clock has a resistance of 12,000 Ω and is plugged into a 115 V outlet.

(a) How much current does it draw? (c) If the owner of the clock pays AED 0.12 per kWh,
how much does it cost to operate the clock for 30 days?
∆𝑉 115
𝐼 9.6 10 A
𝑅 12000 𝐸 𝑃𝑡 1.1 30 24 60 60 2,851,200 J

(b) How much power does it use? 2851200

𝐸 0.8 kWh
3.6 10
∆𝑉 115
𝑃 1.1 W
𝑅 12000
¢ 𝐸 price 0.8 0.12 0.1 AED
 Convert energy in joules to kWh and calculate the consumption and cost of
Electrical Energy Transmission electrical energy used by different devices

33. An automotive battery can deliver 55 A at 12 V for 1.0 h and requires 1.3 times as much energy for
recharge due to its less-than-perfect efficiency. How long will it take to charge the battery using a
current of 7.5 A? Assume the charging voltage is the same as the discharging voltage.

𝐼 55𝐴 𝑃 𝐼 ∆𝑉 𝐸 1.3𝐸

∆𝑉 12 𝑉 𝑃 55 12 660 𝑊 𝐸 1.3 2376000 3088800 𝐽

𝑡 1ℎ
𝑃 𝐼 ∆𝑉
𝐸 1.3𝐸 𝐸 𝑃𝑡
𝑃 7.5 12 90 𝑊
𝑡 ? 𝐸 660 1 60 60

𝐼 7.5𝐴 𝐸 3088800
𝐸 2376000 𝐽 𝑡 34320 𝑠
𝑃 90
9.5 ℎ
 Convert energy in joules to kWh and calculate the consumption and cost of
Electrical Energy Transmission electrical energy used by different devices

34. CHALLENGE Rework the previous problem by assuming the battery requires the application of 14 V
when it is recharging.

𝐼 55𝐴 𝑃 𝐼 ∆𝑉 𝐸 1.3𝐸

∆𝑉 12 𝑉 𝑃 55 12 660 𝑊 𝐸 1.3 2376000 3088800 𝐽

𝑡 1ℎ
𝑃 𝐼 ∆𝑉
𝐸 1.3𝐸 𝐸 𝑃𝑡
𝑃 7.5 14 105 𝑊
𝑡 ? 𝐸 660 1 60 60

𝐼 7.5𝐴 𝐸 3088800
𝐸 2376000 𝐽 𝑡 29417 𝑠
𝑃 105
∆𝑉 14 𝑉 8.17 ℎ
 ∆
Apply the equation of power (𝑃 𝐼 𝑅 ) to solve
Practice Problems numerical problems

35. Energy Forms A car engine drives a generator, which transfers electrical energy to the car’s
battery. The headlights use the energy stored in the car battery to produce light. List the forms of
energy in these three operations.
Mechanical energy from the engine converted to electrical energy in the generator; electrical energy stored as
chemical energy in the battery; chemical energy converted to electrical energy in the battery and distributed to the
headlamps; electrical energy converted to light and thermal energy in headlamps.

36. Resistance A hair dryer operating from 120 V has two settings, hot and warm. In which setting is the
resistance likely to be smaller? Why?

∆𝑉 Hot: T ↑, P ↑, R ↓
𝑃 Voltage is constant.
𝑅 Warm : T ↓, P ↓, R ↑
Power is inversely proportional to resistance
Hot draws more power, P = IV, so the
Power is directly proportional to temperature fixed voltage current is larger. Because
I = V/R the resistance is smaller.
(Joule heat loss)
 ∆
Apply the equation of power (𝑃 𝐼 𝑅 ) to solve
Practice Problems numerical problems

37. Efficiency Evaluate the impact of research to improve power transmission lines on society and
the environment.
Research to improve power transmission lines could benefit society. If less power was lost during transmission, some
possible benefits include lower cost of electricity and less coal and other power-producing resources would have to
be used, which would improve the quality of our environment.

38. Voltage Why would an electric range and an electric hot-water heater be connected to a 240-V circuit
rather than a 120-V circuit?
For the same power, at twice the voltage, the current would be halved. The I 2R loss in the circuit wiring
would be dramatically reduced because it is proportional to the square of the current.

39. Energy Cost A consumer uses 3098 kWh in29 days. She is charged $0.077592 per kWh for the
electricity plus $0.029998 per kWh for its distribution. What is the bill for the 29 days?

¢ 𝐸 price 3098 0.1075572 333.2 $

 ∆
Apply the equation of power (𝑃 𝐼 𝑅 ) to solve
Practice Problems numerical problems

40. Resistance and Power A toaster is connected to the circuit shown in Figure 17.
a. What is the resistance of the toaster?

∆𝑉 120
𝑅 29 Ω
𝐼 4.2

b. At what rate does the toaster transform energy?

∆𝑉 120
𝑃 496.5 𝑊
𝑅 29

41. Critical Thinking When demand for electric power is high, power companies sometimes reduce
the voltage, thereby producing a “brown-out.” What is being saved?

Power, not energy; most devices will have to run longer.

 6
LO: State Kirchhoff’s loop / junction rule and relate it to the conservation of energy / charge
and apply Kirchhoff’s loop / junction rule to electric circuits.

RF: Student Book

P.(112 - 113)

EX: P.113
Q.(60 – 65)
 Kirchhoff’s Rules State Kirchhoff’s loop rule and relate it to the conservation of energy

The loop rule:

the sum of increases in electric potential equals the sum of
decreases in electric potentials around a loop. 5V
9V
Σ∆𝑉 0 loop rule +9 V
4V
∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 0 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
Kirchhoff’s loop rule is based
Batteries in same direction increase the electric potential on conservation of energy.
but resistors decrease the electric potential (voltage drop).

The black-blue path in the circuit above shows:

electric potential increases by 9 V as this charge travels through the battery
electric potential decreases (drops) by 5 V as this charge travels through first resistor.
the drop in electric potential across the second resistor must be 9 V − 5 V = 4 V.
 Kirchhoff’s Rules State Kirchhoff’s junction rule and relate it to the conservation of charge

The junction rule:

3A
the sum of current entering a junction equals the sum of 2A
current leaving the junction. +9 V
1A
Σ𝐼 Σ𝐼 junction rule
𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
Kirchhoff’s junction rule is
Junction: a point where three or more wires are connected based on conservation of
together. charge.

The circuit above shows a red point which represents a junction:

dark arrow is the current enterers the junction 3 A.
blue and green arrows are the currents leave the junction (1 A and 2A).
the currents enter equal to current leave (3 A = 2 A + 1 A).
Based on the information written on the figure that represents a closed
electric circuit.
‫ﻣﻌﺗﻣﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻭﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
A- What is the reading of the ammeter (A) in B- What is the potential difference across the
the figure? battery.
‫( ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ؟‬A)‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻳﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺟﺩ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺩ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻗﻁﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﺭﻳﺔ؟‬
 Solve problems to find the current, voltages and
Practice Problems resistances in circuits

60. Total Current A parallel circuit has four branch currents: 120 mA, 250 mA, 380 mA, and 2.1 A. How
much current passes through the power source?
𝐼 120 10 0.12 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 𝐼
𝐼 250 10 0.25
𝐼 0.12 0.25 0.38 2.1
𝐼 380 10 0.38
𝐼 2.85 A
𝐼 2.1
 Solve problems to find the current, voltages and
Practice Problems resistances in circuits

61. Total Current A series circuit has four resistors. The current through one resistor is 810 mA.
What current passes through the power source?

810 mA. Current is the same everywhere in a series circuit.

62. Circuits You connect a switch in series with a 75-W bulb to a 120-V power source.

a. What is the potential difference across the switch when it is

closed (turned on)?

0 V because the switch act like a wire with R=0 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0

b. What is the potential difference across the switch when it is

opened (turned off)?

0 V because the switch act like a wire with R=0 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0

 Solve problems to find the current, voltages and
Practice Problems resistances in circuits

63. Loop Rule Compare Kirchhoff’s loop rule to walking around in a loop on the side of a hill.
When you walk around in a loop on the side of a hill and return to the starting point, the sum of the increases in
height up the hill and the sum of the decreases in height down the hill are equal. When an electric charge travels
around a loop in an electric circuit, the sum of the increases in electric potential equals the sum of decreases in
electric potential.

64. Junction Rule Explain how Kirchhoff’s junction rule relates to the law of conservation of charge.

The total number of charges is conserved. In an electric circuit, the total number of charges
into a section of that circuit must equal the total number of charges out of that same section
of circuit.
 Solve problems to find the current, voltages and
Practice Problems resistances in circuits

65. Critical Thinking The circuit in Figure 27 has four identical resistors. Suppose that a wire is added to
connect points A and B. Answer the following questions and explain your reasoning.
a. What is the current through the wire?

0 A; the potentials of points A and B are the same.

b. What happens to the current through each resistor?

nothing

c. What happens to the current through the battery?

nothing

d. What happens to the potential difference across each resistor?

nothing
 1.Explain the importance of a voltage-divider circuit to achieve a desired potential 8
LO: difference.

2.Identify a type of variable-value resistor, whose value depends on the presence of

certain factors such as heat, light, etc.

RF: Student Book

P. 106

EX: P. 106
Figure 22
 Use the voltage divider circuit as a series circuit to calculate
Series Circuit resistances and voltage drop across the components

Series circuit of two resistors is also called a voltage divider, it produces a source of potential
difference that is less than the potential difference across the battery.

𝑅 : unknown resistor used as

resistor voltage divider

∆𝑉𝑅
∆𝑉 5 V for
𝑅 𝑅 resistor

The law is derived

from series circuit 10 V from battery
laws.
 9
LO: 1. Relate the electric power or rate of energy transfer to current and potential
difference (P=IΔV).

2. Identify the appropriate current rating of a fuse in a circuit

RF: Student Book

P.(114 – 116)

EX: P.115
Figure 29
 Explain how fuses, circuit breakers and ground-fault interrupters
Electric Safety protect electric circuits and make them safe to operate

Fuse: short piece of metal melting when a current is too large to

cause open circuit.

Fuses are designed to melt before other elements in a circuit are

damaged.

To know the required fuse for a circuit:

- Calculate the current passes through each resistor (𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉).
- Calculate current passes through the circuit (𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 ⋯).
- Compare current to fuse value (current should be smaller).
Common fuse rating:
1A, 2A, 3A, 5A, 10A,
13A, 15A and 30A.
 Electric Safety Describe the wiring used for household circuits

2. Why is it dangerous to replace the 15 A

fuse used to protect a household circuit with
a fuse that is rated at 30 A?

When current increases to more than 16 A.

15 A fuse melts and opens circuit but 30 A
fuse allows current to pass which could
damage devices.
 1. Describe the properties of magnets. 10
LO: 2. Describe the forces that occur when like or unlike poles of two permanent
magnets are brought close together (in terms of the interaction between the
magnetic fields and the orientation of the magnetic field lines).

RF: Student Book

P. (125 - 126)
P.(128 – 130)

EX: P.128
Practice Problems
Q.(1 - 4)
 Properties of magnets Describe the properties of magnets

Properties of magnets:
- All magnets are polarized, has two poles, conventionally
north and south.
N
- No matter how a magnet is cut or broken, the magnet always has two

polarized
poles (no monopoles), because every atom acts as a magnet.
S
- Magnets exert magnetic force on each other:
Unlike poles attract each other. Alike poles repel each other

attraction repulsion
 Properties of magnets Describe the properties of magnets

1. If you hold a bar magnet in each hand and 2. Figure 5 (at left) shows five disk magnets floating
bring your hands close together, will the force above one another. The north pole of the top-most
be attractive or repulsive if the magnets are disk faces up. Which poles are on the top side of
held in the following ways? each of the other magnets?

a. The two north poles are brought close together.

N
Repel S
N
b. A north pole and a south pole are brought together. S
N
Attract
 Properties of magnets Describe the properties of magnets

3. The ends of a compass needle are marked N 4. CHALLENGE When students use magnets and
and S. How would you explain to someone why compasses, they often touch the magnets to the
the pole marked N points north? A complete compasses. Then they find that the compasses point
answer should involve Earth’s magnetic poles. south. Explain why this might occur.

Earth is like a giant magnet.

When students bring compasses near magnets,
the magnetization of the compass flips.
Earth’s geographic North Pole is actually its magnetic
south pole.

The north end of a compass needle, therefore, points

to Earth’s magnetic south pole.
 11
LO:
1. Describe how magnetic materials can be turned into temporary magnets.

2. Describe magnetic domains and relate them to the magnetic properties of

ferromagnetic materials.

RF: Student Book

P.(127 - 128)

EX: P.127
P.133
Figure 4
Q.(17, 18)
 Describe how magnetic materials can be
Properties of magnets turned into temporary magnets

Temporary magnets:
Magnet: is any material produces a magnetic field.

Permanent magnet:
produces its own magnetic field.
Temporary magnet:
act like permanent magnets when they are in magnetic field.
When a magnet touches an object, such as the nail in Figure 3, the magnet
polarizes the object, making it a temporary magnet. This process is called There are different shapes
magnetization by induction. for magnets: disc, ball, bar,
horseshoe and cylinder.
Magnetic Material: any material can gain magnetic field
permanently or temporarily.
Ferromagnetic Material: any material can become temporary
magnetic. e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and some alloys (lodestone).
 Magnetic Domains Explain the domain theory of magnetism

Magnetic domains:
In a ferromagnetic
What gives a permanent or temporary magnet its magnetic material that is not
properties? magnetized, each
domain Points in a
Each atom in a ferromagnetic material acts like a tiny magnet;
random direction,
each has two poles.

Each is part of a domain, which is a group of neighboring atoms

whose poles are aligned.
if the ferromagnetic
Look at the arrows In Figure 5. Each arrow represents a material is next to a
domain. Although domains can contain as many as 1020 strong magnet, most of
individual atoms the object’s domains
preferentially align to
When its domains are aligned in the same direction, point in the same
the material becomes a temporary magnet. direction as the poles
of the external magnet
 Describe how magnetic materials can be
Properties of magnets turned into temporary magnets

Temporary magnets are produced by magnetization by induction.

As the ferromagnetic material is next to a strong magnet, most

of the domains align in the same direction as the poles of the
external magnet (magnetization by induction). Finally, the
material becomes a temporary magnet.

magnet
After removing the magnet, domains return to point in a
random direction.
 Describe how permanent magnets are
Properties of magnets created and how they are destroyed

Creating permanent magnets:

The only naturally occurring magnet is the mineral magnetite.
The lodestones that ancient sailors Used were nothing more than pieces of magnetite.
If magnetite is the only naturally occurring magnet, how, then, are commercial
permanent magnets made?
1- An object containing certain ferromagnetic materials is heated
in the presence of a strong magnetic field
Permanent

magnet + heat
A- Thermal energy frees the atoms in each of the object’s
domains. magnet has
B- The domains can rotate and align with the magnet’s poles. been
2- The object is then cooled while it is still in the presence of the created.
strong magnet. After cooling, the object’s atoms are less free to
rotate. Therefore, when the strong magnet is removed from the
object, the object remains magnetized.
If this permanent magnet is later reheated or dropped, however, the atoms can jostle
out of alignment, reordering the domains and removing the magnetic properties.
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

17. Magnetic Domains Explain what happens to the domains of a temporary magnet when the temporary
magnet is removed from a magnetic field.

Before : random domains

During : aligned domains The domains return to a random arrangement because they no longer align
with the domains of the field of the permanent magnet.
After : random domains
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

18. Critical Thinking Imagine a toy containing two parallel, horizontal metal rods, one above the
other. The top rod is free to move up and down.

a. The top rod floats above the lower rod. When the top rod’s direction is reversed, however, it falls down
onto the lower rod. Explain how the rods could behave in this way.
The metal rods could be magnets with their axes parallel. If the top magnet is positioned so that its north and south
poles are above the north and south poles of the bottom magnet, it will be repelled and float above. If the top
magnet is turned end-for-end, it will be attracted to the bottom magnet.

b. Assume the toy’s top rod was lost and another rod replaced it. The new rod falls on top of the bottom rod no
matter its orientation. What type of material is in the replacement rod?

ferromagnetic
 12
LO: Describe a magnetic field and develop a tool, sketches, qualitative description
or presentation to describe the morphology of the magnetic field lines around
a magnet or around an infinite straight wire, a circular coil, or a solenoid passed
by an electric current.

RF: Student Book

P.131

EX: P.131
P.133
Figure 10
Q.(5 – 9, 14 - 18)
 Describe the characteristics of magnetic fields and sketch the field
Magnetic Fields Around Magnets lines around a permanent magnet

Visualize magnetic fields:

Magnetic field lines: imaginary lines (not real) that shows
strength and direction of magnetic field.

The direction of a magnetic field line is defined as the

direction in which the north pole of a compass points
when placed in a magnetic field.

The field lines form closed loops

start from north pole and end in south pole, outside the
magnet.
move from south pole to north pole, inside the magnet.
 Apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction of the magnetic field
Electromagnetism in and around a solenoid carrying current

wire loop solenoid

magnetic field magnetic field magnetic field
closed loops normal outside: weak outside: very weak
to wire. inside: strong inside: strong and uniform

If the current’s direction reversed, the magnetic field’s direction reversed.

In his science notebook, a student drew the magnetic field lines of a magnet, as shown in the figure:

:‫ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬، ‫ﺭﺳﻡ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺧﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ ﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﺔ‬

Identify two different mistakes (errors) made by the student that violated two
different properties of magnetic field lines.

.‫ﺣﺩﺩ ﺧﻁﺄﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﻳﻥ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻣﺧﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻳﺗﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺗﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺧﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ‬
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

5. How does the strength of a magnetic field 6. A long, straight current-carrying wire lies in a
that is 1 cm from a current carrying wire north south direction.
compare with each of the following?
a. The north pole of a compass
needle placed above this wire
a. the strength of the field 2 cm from the wire points toward the east. In what
direction is the current?
twice as strong
from south to north
b. the strength of the field 3 cm from the wire
b. If a compass were placed underneath this wire, in
three times as strong which direction would the compass needle point?

west
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

7. A student makes a magnet by winding wire 8. You have a battery, a spool of wire, a glass
around a nail and connecting it to a battery, as rod, an iron rod, and an aluminum rod. Which
shown in Figure 13. Which end of the nail— rod could you use to make an electromagnet
the pointed end or the head—is the north that can pick up steel objects? Explain.
pole?
Use the iron rod. Iron would be attracted to a
permanent magnet and take on properties of
a magnet, whereas aluminum or glass would
not.
The pointed end
This effect would support the magnetic field
in the wire coil and thus make the strongest
electromagnet.
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

9. CHALLENGE The electromagnet in the previous

problem works well, but you would like to make
the strength of the electromagnet adjustable by
using a potentiometer as a variable resistor. Is
this possible? Explain.

Yes. Connect the potentiometer in series

with the power supply and the coil.

Adjusting the potentiometer for more

resistance will decrease the current and
the field strength.
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

14. Magnetic Fields Two current-carrying wires are close to and parallel to each other and have
currents with the same magnitude. If the two currents were in the same direction, how would the
magnetic fields of the wires be affected? How would the fields be affected if the two currents
were in opposite directions?
If the currents were in the same direction, the magnetic field would be approximately twice as large; if the currents
were in opposite directions, the field would be approximately zero.

15. Direction of the Field Describe how to use aright-hand rule to determine the direction of a magnetic
field around a straight, current- carrying wire.

If you grasp the wire with your right hand with your thumb pointing in the direction of the conventional current, your
fingers curl in the direction of the field.
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

16. Electromagnets A glass sheet with iron filings sprinkled on it is placed over an active
electromagnet. The iron filings produce a pattern. If this scenario were repeated with the direction
of current reversed, what observable differences would result? Explain.

None; the filings would show the same field pattern. However, a compass would show that the magnetic polarity had
reversed.

17. Magnetic Domains Explain what happens to the domains of a temporary magnet when the temporary
magnet is removed from a magnetic field.

Before : random domains

During : aligned domains The domains return to a random arrangement because they no longer align
with the domains of the field of the permanent magnet.
After : random domains
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

18. Critical Thinking Imagine a toy containing two parallel, horizontal metal rods, one above the
other. The top rod is free to move up and down.

a. The top rod floats above the lower rod. When the top rod’s direction is reversed, however, it falls down
onto the lower rod. Explain how the rods could behave in this way.
The metal rods could be magnets with their axes parallel. If the top magnet is positioned so that its north and south
poles are above the north and south poles of the bottom magnet, it will be repelled and float above. If the top
magnet is turned end-for-end, it will be attracted to the bottom magnet.

b. Assume the toy’s top rod was lost and another rod replaced it. The new rod falls on top of the bottom rod no
matter its orientation. What type of material is in the replacement rod?

ferromagnetic
 13
LO: Defines magnetic flux, and its relation to the number of magnetic field lines
that cut perpendicularly through a unit area.

RF: Student Book

P.(128 – 129)

EX: P.133
Q. 11
 Magnetic Flux Define magnetic flux

Magnetic flux: The number of magnetic field lines passing

through a surface perpendicular to the lines .

As the number of magnetic field lines increased the

magnetic flux is higher and the magnetic force is stronger.

The flux per unit area is proportional to the strength of the

magnetic field.

The strongest magnetic field around the poles where lines concentrated,
and it is decreased with distance.
field lines ↑
The object experiences a greater force and has a higher flux because field ↑
the lines of magnetic filed are concentrated. force ↑
flux ↑
The object experiences a smaller force and has a lower flux because
the lines of magnetic field are diverted.
 Sketch the magnetic field lines around a long current-carrying
Electromagnetism wire and apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction

11. Magnetic Fields What two things about a magnetic field can magnetic field lines represent?

Field lines represent the strength and the direction of a magnetic field.
 14
LO: Apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a
charged particle moving in a magnetic field.

RF: Student Book

P.(141 - 140)

EX: P.141
Q.(25 - 30)
 Apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a
Force on a charged particle charged particle moving in a magnetic field

The direction of magnetic force can be determined

by right hand rule (positive charge).

If the charge is (+):

1- Fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field

2- Thumb points to the direction of the velocity (direction of motion)
𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃
3- Palm points in the direction of the magnetic force
𝐹 ⊥ 𝑞𝑣 and 𝐵
If the charge is (-):
The palm points opposite to the direction of the magnetic force

Force is perpendicular to both magnetic field and velocity (charge).

 Apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a
Force on a charged particle charged particle moving in a magnetic field

25. In what direction is the force on an electron if

that electron is moving east through a magnetic
field that points north?

B
e

Thumb: (velocity) (East)

Fingers: (filed) (upward)

Palm: (force) (into the page) negative object

 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

26. What are the magnitude and direction of the 27. A stream of doubly ionized particles (missing
force acting on the proton shown in Figure 20? two electrons and thus carrying a net positive
charge of two elementary charges) moves at a
𝑒 1.6 10 C velocity of 3.0×104 m/s perpendicular to a
magnetic field of 9.0×10−2 T. How large is the
force acting on each ion?

𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃 𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝐹 1.6 10 4 10 0.5 sin 90 𝐹 2 1.6 10 3 10 9 10 sin 90

𝐹 3.2 10 N (upward) 𝐹 8.64 10 N

 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

28. Triply ionized particles in a beam carry a net 29. A singly ionized particle experiences a force
positive charge of three elementary charge units. of 4.1×10−13 N when it travels at a right angle
The beam enters a magnetic field of 4.0×10−2 T. through a 0.61 T magnetic field. What is the
The particles have a speed of 9.0×106 m/s and particle’s velocity?
move at right angles to the field. How large is the
force acting on each particle?
𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃
𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃
𝐹
𝐹 3 1.6 10 4 10 9 10 sin 90 𝑣
𝑞𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝐹 1.7 10 N (upward) 4.1 10

𝑣 4.2 10 𝑚/𝑠
1.6 10 0.61 sin 90
 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

30. CHALLENGE Doubly ionized helium atoms

(alpha particles) are traveling at right angles
to a magnetic field at a speed of 4.0×104 m/s.
The force on each particle is 6.4×10−16 N.
What is the magnetic field strength?

𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝐹
𝐵
𝑞𝑣 sin 𝜃
6.4 10
𝐵
2 1.6 10 4 10 sin 90

𝐵 0.05 𝑇
 15
LO: Explain how a current-carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic
field experiences a magnetic force.

RF: Student Book

P.(134 – 136)

EX: P.137
Q24
 Indicate the direction of magnetic forces on a current-carrying rectangular loop
Force on a current-carrying loop of wire in a magnetic field, and determine how the loop will tend to rotate as a
consequence of these forces

24. CHALLENGE You are making your own loudspeaker. You make a 1 cm
diameter coil with 20 loops of thin wire. You use hot glue to fasten the
coil to an aluminum pie plate. The ends of the wire are connected to a
plug that goes into the earphone jack on an MP3 music player. You have
a bar magnet to produce a magnetic field. How would you orient the
magnetic field to make the plate vibrate and produce sound?

One pole should be held as close to the coil as possible so that

the field lines are perpendicular to both the wires and the
direction of motion of the plate.
 Apply the right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire current-carrying wire placed in an external magnetic field

The direction of magnetic force can be

determined by right hand rule (positive charge).

Thumb: first vector after equality sign (IL)

Fingers: second vector after equality sign (B)
Palm: vector before equality sign (F)

Force is perpendicular to both magnetic

field and wire (current). 𝐹 ⊥ 𝐼𝐿 and 𝐵
𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃
One vector on x-axis: either right or left
One vector on y-axis: either upward or downward
One vector on z-axis: either into page or out of page out of page into page
FRQ Questions
 Part A:Determine the magnitude of the current in terms of the rate of flow of Q1
LO: electric charge (I=q/t).

Part B:
1. Use analogy and models to explain and understand an electrical circuit.

2. Identify the direction of conventional current as the direction of motion of

positive charges or opposite to the flow of electrons.

RF: Student Book

Figure 3
Figure 18
P.89 P.103
P.89
P.103

EX: 10, 11, & 12

 Identify the direction of conventional current as the direction of
Electric Current motion of positive charges or opposite to the flow of electrons

Electric current: the flow of electrons in a conductor in

one direction.

Conventional electric current the flow of positive charges

from the positive terminal (high voltage) to the negative
terminal (low voltage).

Direction of electron current is opposite to the direction

of conventional current.

∆𝑄 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑠 𝐶
𝐼 Unit 𝐼 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴
∆𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠

𝑄 𝑛𝑞
 Electric Current Define electric current and identify its SI unit as Ampere (A), 1A=1C/s

1. An amount of charge of 50.0 µC passes through 2. An electric current with intensity of 4 mA flows
a sectional area of a conductor in 0.01 ms. in a metal conductor. Find the amount of charge
Calculate the intensity of electric current in that that passes through the sectional area of that
conductor? conductor in 1 min.

∆𝑄 ∆𝑄
𝐼 𝐼
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

50 10 ∆𝑄 𝐼 ∆𝑡
𝐼 5.0 A
0.01 10
∆𝑄 4 10 1 60 0.24 C
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
8. Draw a circuit diagram to include a 60.0 V battery, an ammeter, 10. Add a voltmeter to measure the
and a resistance of 12.5 Ω in series. Draw arrows on your diagram potential difference across the
to indicate the direction of the current. resistors in the previous two
problems. Label the voltmeters.
A

ⴙ
4.80 A
A
60.0 V 12.5 ⍀
ⴚ
ⴙ
I
V
ⴚ
I

9. Draw a circuit diagram showing a 4.5 V battery, a resistor, and

an ammeter that reads 85 mA. Show the direction of the current
using conventional rules and indicate the positive terminal of the
battery.
 G10 ADV Physics T.Mutasem Jarwan
11. Draw a circuit using a battery, a lamp, a 12. CHALLENGE Repeat the previous problem, adding an
potentiometer to adjust the lamp’s ammeter and a voltmeter across the lamp.
brightness, and an on-off switch.

Lamp
V

ⴙ
Battery ⴙ
ⴚ A
Switch
Potentiometer ⴚ

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ci
rcuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-
construction-kit-dc_en.html
 Part A:
1. Define resistance and identify its SI unit as ohms (Ω). Q2
LO: 2. Sate Ohm’s law and apply it to simple circuits (ΔV=RI).

Part B:Calculate the equivalent resistance and the total current

passing through a series circuit.

Student Book

RF: P.(93 – 95)

P.(104 – 105)
P.(109 – 111)

P.95 Health Connection

EX: P.96
P.105
P.109
P.112
Q.(13 – 18)
Q.(42 – 46)
Q.(52 – 54)
Q.(55 – 58)
 Describe variable resistors and explain how a potentiometer
Resistivity and Resistance can vary the current in an electric circuit
A. The human body acts as a variable resistor. The resistance ‫ﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻣﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﻳﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ‬
value of a dry skin (body) is (10000 Ω) high enough to keep ‫( ﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺟﺔ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ‬10000 Ω) ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
the resulting currents low, acceptable, and within safety ‫ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻭﺿﺢ‬.‫ﻭﻣﻘﺑﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺿﻣﻥ ﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬
limits. Study the table below that explains the value of ‫ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﺛﻡ ﺍﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ؟‬
electric current and its effects on the human body, then
answer the following.

Current (mA) Possible effect on the human body

(mA)‫ﺷﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ‬
1 mA Mild electric shock can be felt
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻭﺭ ﺑﺻﺩﻣﺔ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺧﻔﻳﻔﺔ‬
5 mA Electric shock is painful
‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﺅﻟﻣﺔ‬
10 mA causes involuntary muscle contraction (spam)
(‫ﻳﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﻘﻠﺻﺎﺕ ﻋﺿﻠﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻳﺔ )ﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎﺕ‬
15 mA causes loss of muscle control
‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻼﺕ‬
100 mA Death can occur
‫ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺕ‬
When you take a shower, your body will get wet, the skin will become moist, the resistance of the body will decrease to (1000 Ω).
If you want to use an electrical device with a plug connected to a (120 V) electrical source.
‫( ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﻧﺕ ﺗﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺯﻭﺩ ﺑﻘﺎﺑﺱ ﻣﺗﺻﻝ ﺑﻣﺻﺩﺭ‬1000 Ω) ‫ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺣﻡ ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺑﺗﻝ ﺟﺳﻣﻙ ﻭﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﺩ ﺭﻁﺑﺎ ﻭﺳﺗﻧﺧﻔﺽ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
.(120 V) ‫ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
• Calculate the amount of current you receive.
.‫• ﺍﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﻪ‬
Current Possible effect on the human body
(mA) ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺳﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺩﺓ‬
(mA)‫ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ‬
1 mA Mild electric shock can be felt
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﻭﺭ ﺑﺻﺩﻣﺔ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺧﻔﻳﻔﺔ‬
5 mA Electric shock is painful
‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﺅﻟﻣﺔ‬
10 mA causes involuntary muscle contraction (spam)
• Based on the amount of current you calculated and the table above,
(‫ﻳﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﻘﻠﺻﺎﺕ ﻋﺿﻠﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻳﺔ )ﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎﺕ‬
what effect might this have on your body?
15 mA causes loss of muscle control
‫•ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺣﺳﺑﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻝ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺳﻣﻙ؟‬
‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻼﺕ‬
Death can occur 100 mA Death can occur
‫ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺕ‬
Three resistors connected together as in the figure. Answer the following
questions?
‫ ﺃﺟﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ؟‬،‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬

A- What is the type of connection between the resistors in C- What is the sign of the battery pole labelled with the letter
this electric circuit? (a) on the figure?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ؟‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ؟‬a) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﻑ‬

B- Which of the resistors has greater protentional difference D- What is the equivalent resistance for this electrical circuit?
across it? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﻓﺋﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳﺔ؟‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺟﻬﺩ ؟‬
 Resistance and Ohm’s law Sate Ohm’s law and apply it to simple circuits (ΔV=RI)

CURRENT THROUGH A RESISTOR A 30.0 V 13. An automobile panel lamp with a resistance of
battery is connected to a 10.0 Ω resistor. What 33 Ω is placed across the battery shown in Figure 10.
is the current in the circuit? What is the current through the circuit?

∆𝑉
𝑅 ∆𝑉
𝐼 𝑅
𝐼
∆𝑉 30
𝐼 3𝐴 ∆𝑉 12
𝑅 10 𝐼 0.36 𝐴
𝑅 33
 Resistance and Ohm’s law Sate Ohm’s law and apply it to simple circuits (ΔV=RI)

14. A sensor uses 2 10 𝐴 of current when 15. A motor with the operating resistance of 32 Ω is
it is operated by the battery shown in Figure connected to a voltage source as shown in Figure 12.
12. What is the resistance of the sensor circuit? What is the voltage of the source?

∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
𝑅 𝑅
𝐼 𝐼

3 ∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅
𝑅 1.5 10 Ω
2 10
∆𝑉 3.8 32 121.6 𝑉
 Resistance and Ohm’s law Sate Ohm’s law and apply it to simple circuits (ΔV=RI)

16. A lamp draws a current of 0.50 A when it is 17. A 75 W lamp is connected to 125 V.
connected to a 120 V source.

a. What is the resistance of the lamp? a. What is the current through the lamp?

∆𝑉 120 𝑃 75
𝑅 240 Ω 𝐼 0.6 𝐴
𝐼 0.5 ∆𝑉 125

b. What is the power consumption of the lamp? b. What is the resistance of the lamp?

𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉 0.5 120 60 𝑊 ∆𝑉 125

𝑅 208.3 Ω
𝐼 0.6
 Resistance and Ohm’s law Sate Ohm’s law and apply it to simple circuits (ΔV=RI)

18. CHALLENGE A resistor is added to the lamp in the previous problem to reduce the current to
half its original value.
a. What is the potential difference across the lamp?

∆𝑉 𝐼𝑅 0.3 208.3 62.5 𝑉

b. How much resistance was added to the circuit?

𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
∆𝑉 125
𝑅 416.6 Ω 𝑅 416.6 208.3 208.3 Ω
𝐼 0.3 416.6 208.3 𝑅

C. At what rate does the lamp transform electrical energy

into radiant and thermal energy?

𝑃 𝐼∆𝑉 0.3 62.5 18.75 𝑊

 1. Identify the commonly used circuit symbols. Q3
LO: 2. State the properties of voltmeters and ammeters, in terms of their resistance.

3. Identify the correct placements of ammeters and voltmeters in electric circuits.

RF: Student Book

P.(117 – 119)

EX: P.117
P.119
Figure 31
Figure34
 Diagramming Circuits Identify the commonly used circuit symbols

Symbols of main components in electric circuit:

1. An artist’s drawing of an electric
circuit is shown in the figure below.
Draw a schematic of the electric
circuit. Indicate the direction of the
conventional current in your drawing.
 State the properties of voltmeters and ammeters, in terms of their
Voltmeters and ammeters resistance

Ammeter:
Its a device that is used to measure the current in any branch or
part of a circuit.

Ammeter is connected in series in the circuit.

ammeter is designed to have a very low resistance as possible so

that the ammeter will not affect the current in the circuit
 State the properties of voltmeters and ammeters, in terms of their
Voltmeters and ammeters resistance

Voltmeter:
Its a device that is used to measure the potential difference
V
across a portion of a circuit

To measure the potential difference across a resistor, a voltmeter

is connected in parallel with the resistor.

Voltmeters are designed to have a very high resistance to cause

the smallest possible change in currents and voltages in the
circuit.
 Part A:Describe the properties of magnets, how magnetic materials can be turned
into temporary magnets, the Earth’s magnetism, the characteristics of magnetic
fields and sketch the field lines around a permanent magnet. Q4
LO: Part B:
1. Describe how magnetic materials can be turned into temporary magnets.
2. Describe the characteristics of magnetic fields and sketch the field lines around a
permanent / temporary magnet.
3. Apply the right-hand rule to indicate the direction of the magnetic field in and
around a solenoid carrying current

RF: Student Book

P.(125 - 130)
P.(128 – 130)

EX: P.(125 - 130) Text

P.129 Figure 7
 Properties of magnets Describe the properties of magnets

Properties of magnets:
- All magnets are polarized, has two poles, conventionally
north and south.
N
- No matter how a magnet is cut or broken, the magnet always has two

polarized
poles (no monopoles), because every atom acts as a magnet.
S
- Magnets exert magnetic force on each other:
Unlike poles attract each other. Alike poles repel each other

attraction repulsion
 Earth’s Magnetic Field Describe the Earth’s magnetism

The core of the Earth is composed of an iron, nickel

and other elements. Geographic North Pole

The Earth is considered as a huge magnet which has:

S
Magnet north pole known as geographic south pole.

Magnet south pole known as geographic north pole.

The Earth’s magnetic field lines start from geographic N

south pole and end in geographic north pole.
Geographic South Pole
 Describe how magnetic materials can be
Properties of magnets turned into temporary magnets

Temporary magnets:
Magnet: is any material produces a magnetic field.

Permanent magnet:
produces its own magnetic field.
Temporary magnet:
act like permanent magnets when they are in magnetic field.
When a magnet touches an object, such as the nail in Figure 3, the magnet
polarizes the object, making it a temporary magnet. This process is called There are different shapes
magnetization by induction. for magnets: disc, ball, bar,
horseshoe and cylinder.
Magnetic Material: any material can gain magnetic field
permanently or temporarily.
Ferromagnetic Material: any material can become temporary
magnetic. e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and some alloys (lodestone).
 Magnetic Domains Explain the domain theory of magnetism

Magnetic domains:
In a ferromagnetic
What gives a permanent or temporary magnet its magnetic material that is not
properties? magnetized, each
domain Points in a
Each atom in a ferromagnetic material acts like a tiny magnet;
random direction,
each has two poles.

Each is part of a domain, which is a group of neighboring atoms

whose poles are aligned.
if the ferromagnetic
Look at the arrows In Figure 5. Each arrow represents a material is next to a
domain. Although domains can contain as many as 1020 strong magnet, most of
individual atoms the object’s domains
preferentially align to
When its domains are aligned in the same direction, point in the same
the material becomes a temporary magnet. direction as the poles
of the external magnet
 Describe how magnetic materials can be
Properties of magnets turned into temporary magnets

Temporary magnets are produced by magnetization by induction.

As the ferromagnetic material is next to a strong magnet, most

of the domains align in the same direction as the poles of the
external magnet (magnetization by induction). Finally, the
material becomes a temporary magnet.

magnet
After removing the magnet, domains return to point in a
random direction.
 Describe how permanent magnets are
Properties of magnets created and how they are destroyed

Creating permanent magnets:

The only naturally occurring magnet is the mineral magnetite.
The lodestones that ancient sailors Used were nothing more than pieces of magnetite.
If magnetite is the only naturally occurring magnet, how, then, are commercial
permanent magnets made?
1- An object containing certain ferromagnetic materials is heated
in the presence of a strong magnetic field
Permanent

magnet + heat
A- Thermal energy frees the atoms in each of the object’s
domains. magnet has
B- The domains can rotate and align with the magnet’s poles. been
2- The object is then cooled while it is still in the presence of the created.
strong magnet. After cooling, the object’s atoms are less free to
rotate. Therefore, when the strong magnet is removed from the
object, the object remains magnetized.
If this permanent magnet is later reheated or dropped, however, the atoms can jostle
out of alignment, reordering the domains and removing the magnetic properties.
A student wrote in his science
notebook statements for the
lesson on the properties of
magnets, as follows:
‫ﻛﺗﺏ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻓﺗﺭ ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬
:‫ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺱ‬
The student submitted his
work to his teacher to get
feedback, and then received
(√) or (×) marks, with the
wrong part underlined as
shown above.

‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺑﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﻋﻣﻠﻪ ﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﻪ‬

،‫ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻐﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬
(√) ‫ﻭﺣﺻﻝ ﺑﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻭ)×( ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻁ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﺯء‬
.‫ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﻭﺿﺢ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻁﺊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬

Help the student to correct

each wrong statement by
writing the correct scientific
(2nd Statement ‫________________________________________________________ )ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
alternative.
(3ed Statement ‫________________________________________________________ )ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﻛﻝ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ‬
.‫ﺧﺎﻁﺋﺔ ﺑﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺢ‬
(5th Statement ‫_______________________________________________________ )ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺳﺔ‬
The magnetic field lines of a magnetic bar and a Solenoid coil are similar in general shape, as is clear in Figures (1) and (2)
below. Answer the following:
:‫ ﺍﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬.‫( ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬2)‫( ﻭ‬1) ‫ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﻭﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻠﻳﻥ‬. ‫ﺧﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ ﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻣﻠﻑ ﺣﻠﺯﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﺗﺷﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬

One of the differences between the magnetic field in the magnetic bar and the Solenoid is
that in (1) its magnetism is permanent, while in (2) case its magnetism is related with an
existence to the passage of electric current. Give another difference between them.
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬،‫( ﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﺗﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﻣﺔ‬1) ‫ﺍﺣﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﺯﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ ﺍﻋﻁ ﻓﺭﻗﺎ ﺍﺧﺭ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ‬،‫( ﻓﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﺗﻪ ﻣﺭﺗﺑﻁﺔ ﺑﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬2)

Determine in the two circles on the diagram (2) the polarity of the battery (+ and -),
which indicates the direction of the current in the wire.
.‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺷﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻙ‬،(-,+) ‫( ﻗﻁﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬2) ‫ﺣﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺗﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻡ‬
The figure shows the magnetic field diagram of a straight magnetic bar

.‫ﻳﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ ﻟﺳﺎﻕ ﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ‬

A- Which of the letters shown in the figure represents: C- If the pole indicated by the
:‫ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﻳﻣﺛﻝ‬letter (a) is brought close to a
similar pole of another
- North pole of magnet ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺱ‬ magnet, what is the type of force between the two poles?
،‫( ﻣﻥ ﻗﻁﺏ ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺱ ﺍﺧﺭ‬a) ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﻑ‬
- South pole of magnet ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﻭﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻣﺎ؟‬

B- In which of the areas (a,b,c) labelled on the figure the B- Which of the following materials, if placed next to the
magnetic force is the weakest? magnet, would not be attracted to it?
‫( ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺱ ﺍﻗﻝ ﻣﺎ‬a,b,c) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺿﻌﺕ ﺑﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺱ ﻻ ﺗﻧﺟﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﻳﻪ؟‬
:‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‬
(Aluminum ‫ ﺍﻻﻟﻣﻧﻳﻭﻡ‬، Nickle ‫ ﺍﻟﻧﻳﻛﻝ‬، Cobalt ‫)ﺍﻟﻛﻭﺑﺎﻟﺕ‬
 Part A:
1. Apply the equation F=ILB(sinθ) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field. Q5
LO: 2. Apply the right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on a current-carrying
wire placed in an external magnetic field.

Part B:Apply the equation (F=qvBsinθ) to calculate the magnitude of the force and
apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a charged
particle moving in a magnetic field.

RF: Student Book

P.(134 - 135)
P.(140 - 141)

EX: P.139
P.141
Q.(19 - 24)
Q.(25 – 30)
 Apply the right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire current-carrying wire placed in an external magnetic field

The direction of magnetic force can be

determined by right hand rule (positive charge).

Thumb: first vector after equality sign (IL)

Fingers: second vector after equality sign (B)
Palm: vector before equality sign (F)

Force is perpendicular to both magnetic

field and wire (current). 𝐹 ⊥ 𝐼𝐿 and 𝐵
𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃
One vector on x-axis: either right or left
One vector on y-axis: either upward or downward
One vector on z-axis: either into page or out of page out of page into page
A copper wire of insignificant resistance is placed in the center of an air gap between two magnetic poles, as shown in
Figure below. The magnetic field is confined to the gap and has a strength of (1.9 T):

‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻲ ﻣﺣﺻﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺟﻭﺓ‬.‫ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﻭﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬،‫ﺗﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﻠﻙ ﻧﺣﺎﺳﻲ ﺫﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺿﺋﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻁ ﻓﺟﻭﺓ ﻫﻭﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻗﻁﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﻳﻥ‬
.(1.9 T) ‫ﻭﺷﺩﺗﻪ‬
Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the wire when
the switch is closed.

.‫ﺣﺩﺩ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎﻁﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺛﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻙ ﻋﻧﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎ‬
 Apply the right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire current-carrying wire placed in an external magnetic field

1. For the two figures besides, indicate the direction of magnetic force.

Thumb: right Thumb: right

Fingers: out of the page Fingers: into the page
Palm (force): down (-Y) Palm (force): Up (+Y)
 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

2. indicate the direction of the magnetic force or current for each graph

F: out of page F: upward

F: left I: left

F: downward
 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

CALCULATE THE STRENGTH OF A MAGNETIC FIELD A straight wire carrying a 5.0 A current is in a
uniform magnetic field oriented at right angles to the wire. When 0.10 m of the wire is in the field,
the force on the wire is 0.20 N. What is the strength of the magnetic field (B)?

𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝐹
𝐵
𝐼𝐿 sin 𝜃

0.2
𝐵 0.4 𝑇
5 0.1 sin 90
 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

20. A wire that is 0.50 m long and carrying a 21. A wire that is 75 cm long and carrying a current of
current of 8.0 A is at right angles to a 0.40 T 6.0 A is at right angles to a uniform magnetic field. The
magnetic field. How strong is the force that magnitude of the force acting on the wire is 0.60 N.
acts on the wire? What is the strength of the magnetic field?

𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃 𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝐹 8 5 0.4 sin 90 𝐹
𝐵
𝐼𝐿 sin 𝜃
𝐹 16 𝑁
0.6
𝐵 0.13 𝑇
6 0.75 sin 90
 Apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a
Force on a charged particle charged particle moving in a magnetic field

The direction of magnetic force can be determined

by right hand rule (positive charge).

If the charge is (+):

1- Fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field

2- Thumb points to the direction of the velocity (direction of motion)
𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃
3- Palm points in the direction of the magnetic force
𝐹 ⊥ 𝑞𝑣 and 𝐵
If the charge is (-):
The palm points opposite to the direction of the magnetic force

Force is perpendicular to both magnetic field and velocity (charge).

 Apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a
Force on a charged particle charged particle moving in a magnetic field

1. indicate the direction of the magnetic force on a charge for each graph:

+ charge (F: left) + charge (F: into page) + charge (F: upward)
- charge (F: right) - charge (F: out of page) - charge (F: downward)
 Apply the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the force acting on a
Force on a charged particle charged particle moving in a magnetic field

2. indicate the direction of the magnetic force on a charge for each graph:

+ charge (F: zero) + charge (F: right) + charge (F: downward)

- charge (F: zero) - charge (F: left) - charge (F: upward)
 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force
Force on a charged particle acting on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field

FORCE ON A CHARGED PARTICLE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD A beam of electrons travels at 3.0 × 106 m/s
through a uniform magnetic field of 4.0 × 10−2 T at right angles to the field. How strong is the force
acting on each electron?

𝑣 3 10 𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃
𝐵 4 10
𝜃 90 𝐹 1.6 10 3 10 4 10 sin 90
𝑞 1.6 10
𝐹 ? 𝐹 1.9 10 N
 Apply the equation (𝐹 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃) to calculate the magnitude of the force on a
Force on a current-carrying wire straight segment of a current carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field

26. What are the magnitude and direction of the 27. A stream of doubly ionized particles (missing
force acting on the proton shown in Figure 20? two electrons and thus carrying a net positive
charge of two elementary charges) moves at a
𝑒 1.6 10 C velocity of 3.0×104 m/s perpendicular to a
magnetic field of 9.0×10−2 T. How large is the
force acting on each ion?

𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃 𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃

𝐹 1.6 10 4 10 0.5 sin 90 𝐹 2 1.6 10 3 10 9 10 sin 90

𝐹 3.2 10 N (upward) 𝐹 8.64 10 N