Scribd
Upload
2 views

CH-1-Loads & effect of loads on structures

The document outlines a course on advanced building structures, covering topics such as loads on structures, lateral load resisting systems, and the design of steel structures. It details the phases of structural design, classifications of loads, and types of structures including tension, compression, trusses, shear, and bending structures. Additionally, it discusses support reactions and connections relevant to structural engineering.

Uploaded by

kidmar274
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

CH-1-Loads & effect of loads on structures

The document outlines a course on advanced building structures, covering topics such as loads on structures, lateral load resisting systems, and the design of steel structures. It details the phases of structural design, classifications of loads, and types of structures including tension, compression, trusses, shear, and bending structures. Additionally, it discusses support reactions and connections relevant to structural engineering.

Uploaded by

kidmar274
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

ADVANCED BUILDING STRUCTURE

TEFERI W.
Course Outline
Unit 1: loads and effect of loads on structures

Unit 2 : lateral loads and lateral load resisting system

Unit 3 : plastic analysis and design of structures

Unit 4; Strip Method

Unit 5 : Introduction to steel structures

Architecture and urban planning


Introduction to Design and
Analysis of Structural systems

Explain Design & Analysis?


Phases of Structural Design
Planning Phase

Preliminary Design Phase

Estimation of loads
Revise
Structural analysis Structural
Design
Check safety
and
Serviceability NO

YES

Construction Phase
Loads on structures
Loads are action imposed directly or indirectly on a
structures.
Loads/ Actions are classified based on the
following parameters:
Area of application

Building codes

Direction

Variation with time


Classification based on Area of application
Concentrated (point )loads
Act on relatively small
area
E.g. Axle load is considered
as series of concentrated
loads
Distributed loads
 Loads distributed per unit length

 Uniformly distributed load (UDL)


E.g. partition wall load on beam

 Linearly varying distributed load (LVDL)

 Non-uniform distributed load(NDL)


E.g. load on train track
Classification based on Building codes
Permanent ( Dead) loads
e.g. Self weight of a
building, stationary
machines and
equipment's

Building Codes Live( Transient ) loads


e.g. people , movable
furniture

Environmental(accidental) or
coditional loads
e.g. Earthquake load, wind
load, Snow, Rain, Earth
pressure
Classification based on direction
Gravity loads: these loads act in the vertical direction(
gravity direction.
e.g. weight of structural members
weight of machines equipment's and furniture

Lateral loads: these imposed in horizontal direction.


Although earthquakes waves propagates in vertical
direction their action forces the structure to act in the
horizontal direction.
Another example of lateral load are wind loads. Earth
pressure, Earthquake load
Classification based on variation with time
Static loads: magnitude does not vary with time.
i.e. there is no acceleration

Dynamic loads: these loads cause motion to the


body or the object to which they are imposed.
i.e. There is acceleration
Classification of structures
1.Tension structures

 Are subjected to pure tension.


 Materials of such structures are composed of
flexible steel such as cable.
 Use their cross section to resist external loads.
Are frequently employed in
suspension bridges, hangers,
balconies and tents.
Tension structures are
usually braced to reduce
oscillation. For instance in
suspension bridges

Tower
Tower

Cable

Anchorage Hangers Anchorage

Deck
2.Compression structures

 Are subjected to compressional stress.


 e.g. Arches and Columns
 Structures are subjected to axial and lateral stress.
 Arches are curved structures has shape of inverted cable.
 Arches are designed to resist primarily compression
stress. They are rigid and lack flexibility.
 suitable site is a valley with arch foundations on a dry
rock slopes
ARCH BRIDGE
can be constructed from different material including stone,
steel, concrete, brick, etc
conventional curved arch rib has high fabrication and erection
costs
ARCH BRIDGE
3. Trusses structures

 Are composed of straight members joined at their end


by hinge(pin) connection.
 Employ triangular configuration to form stability.
 Loads are applied only at the joints.
 They resist compressional and tensile stress.
 Due to light weight and high strength they are
commonly used in long spans.
4.Shear structures

Shear structure are frequently used in multi story


building to resist shear stress induced by lateral loads
such as wind load and earthquake excitations.
e.g. Shear walls
Shear walls are rigid structures employed on
build as diaphragm system.
5.Bending structures

 Are structures designed to resist bending( flexural) and


shear stress under the action of external loads.
 e.g. Beams, Frames
 Shear stress developed in such structures may or may not
be significant.
 Loads can be applied within the span or at the joints.
Support Reactions and Connections
 Reaction (resistance) develops on
Restrained direction

Rx
 Pin, Restrained to
movement both x and y Ry

direction
xn

Roller, Restrained to

movement only in y direction

Ry
P
 Fixed support, Restrained to
movement x , y direction and
also prevent rotation
Rx

Ry

You might also like