Top 70 advanced SQL questions and answersfor query writing!

1. How to retrieve the second-highest salary of an employee?

SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);
2. How to get the nth highest salary in ?
SELECT salary
FROM (SELECT salary, DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank
FROM employees) AS ranked_salaries
WHERE rank = N;
3. How do you fetch all employees whose salary is greater than the average
salary?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
4. Write a query to display the current date and time in .
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
5. How to find duplicate recordsin a table?
SELECT column_name, COUNT(*)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
6. How can you delete duplicate rows in ?
WITH CTE AS (
SELECT column_name,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY column_name ORDER BY
column_name) AS row_num
FROM table_name
)
DELETE FROM CTE WHERE row_num > 1;
7. How to get the common records from two tables?
SELECT *
FROM table1
INTERSECT
SELECT *
FROM table2;
8. How to retrieve the last 10 records from a table?
SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY employee_id DESC
LIMIT 10;
9. How do you fetch the top 5 employees with the highest salaries?
SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
LIMIT 5;
10. How to calculate the total salary of all employees?
SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees;
11. How to write a query to find all employees who joined in the year 2020?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE YEAR(join_date) = 2020;
12. Write a query to find employees whose name starts with 'A'.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE name LIKE 'A%';
13. How can you find the employees who do not have a manager?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NULL;
14. How to find the department with the highest number of employees?
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC
LIMIT 1;
15. How to get the count of employeesin each department?
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
16. Write a query to fetch employees having the highest salary in each
department.
SELECT department_id, employee_id, salary
FROM employees AS e
WHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = e.department_id);
17. How to write a query to update the salary of all employees by 10%?
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.1;
18. How can you find employees whose salary is between 50,000 and
1,00,000?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 100000;
19. How to find the youngest employee in the organization?
SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY birth_date DESC
LIMIT 1;
20. How to fetch the first and last record from a table?
(SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY employee_id ASC LIMIT 1)
UNION ALL
(SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY employee_id DESC LIMIT 1);
21. Write a query to find all employees who report to a specific manager.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id = ?;
22. How can you find the total number of departmentsin the company?
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT department_id)
FROM employees;
23. How to find the department with the lowest average salary?
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) ASC
LIMIT 1;
24. How to delete all employeesfrom a department in one query?
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE department_id = ?;
25. How to display all employees who have been in the company for more
than 5 years?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), join_date) > 1825;
26. How to find the second-largest value from a table?
SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name < (SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name);
27. How to write a query to remove all records from a table but keep the
table structure?
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
28. Write a query to get all employee recordsin XML format.
SELECT employee_id, name, department_id
FROM employees
FOR XML AUTO;
29. How to get the current month’s name from ?
SELECT MONTHNAME(CURDATE());
30. How to convert a string to lowercase in ?
SELECT LOWER('STRING_VALUE');
31. How to find all employees who do not have any subordinates?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id NOT IN (SELECT manager_id FROM employees WHERE
manager_id IS NOT NULL);
32. Write a query to calculate the totalsales per customer in a sales table.
SELECT customer_id, SUM(sales_amount)
FROM sales
GROUP BY customer_id;
33. How to write a query to check if a table is empty?
SELECT CASE
WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM table_name)
THEN 'Not Empty'
ELSE 'Empty'
END;
34. How to find the second highest salary for each department?
SELECT department_id,salary
FROM (SELECT department_id,salary,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary
DESC) AS rank
FROM employees) AS ranked_salaries
WHERE rank = 2;
35. Write a query to fetch employees whose salary is a multiple of 10,000.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary % 10000 = 0;
36. How to fetch records where a column has null values?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE column_name IS NULL;
37. How to write a query to find the total number of employees in each job
title?
SELECT job_title, COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_title;
38. Write a query to fetch all employees whose names end with ‘n’.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE name LIKE '%n';
39. How to find all employees who work in both departments 101 and 102?
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (101, 102)
GROUP BY employee_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT department_id) = 2;
40. Write a query to fetch the details of employees with the same salary.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary IN (SELECT salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY salary
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1);
41. How to update salaries of employees based on their department?
UPDATE employees
SET salary = CASE
WHEN department_id = 101 THEN salary * 1.10
WHEN department_id = 102 THEN salary * 1.05
ELSE salary
END;
42. How to write a query to list all employees without a department?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NULL;
43. Write a query to find the maximum salary and minimum salary in each
department.
SELECT department_id, MAX(salary), MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
44. How to list all employees hired in the last 6 months?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date > ADDDATE(CURDATE(), INTERVAL -6 MONTH);
45. Write a query to display department-wise total and average salary.
SELECT department_id, SUM(salary) AS total_salary, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
46. How to find employees who joined the company in the same month and
year as their manager?
SELECT e.employee_id, e.name
FROM employees e
JOIN employees m ON e.manager_id = m.employee_id
WHERE MONTH(e.join_date) = MONTH(m.join_date)
AND YEAR(e.join_date) = YEAR(m.join_date);
47. Write a query to count the number of employees whose names start and
end with the same letter.
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE LEFT(name, 1) = RIGHT(name, 1);
48. How to retrieve employee names and salariesin a single string?
SELECT CONCAT(name, ' earns',salary) AS employee_info
FROM employees;
49. How to find employees whose salary is higher than their manager's
salary?
SELECT e.employee_id, e.name
FROM employees e
JOIN employees m ON e.manager_id = m.employee_id
WHERE e.salary > m.salary;
50. Write a query to get employees who belong to departments with less
than 3 employees.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) < 3);
51. How to write a query to find employees with the same first name?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE first_name IN(SELECT first_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY first_name
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1);
52. How to write a query to delete employees who have been in the company
for more than 15 years?
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), join_date) > 5475;
53. Write a query to list all employees working under the same manager.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id = ?;
54. How to find the top 3 highest-paid employeesin each department?
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT *,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary
DESC) AS rank
FROM employees) AS ranked_employees
WHERE rank <= 3;
55. Write a query to list all employees with more than 5 years of experience
in each department.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), join_date) > 1825;
56. How to list all employees in departments that have not hired anyone in
the past 2 years?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MAX(hire_date) < ADDDATE(CURDATE(), INTERVAL -2
YEAR));
57. Write a query to find all employees who earn more than the average
salary of their department.
SELECT *
FROM employees e
WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = e.department_id);
58. How to list all managers who have more than 5 subordinates?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5);
59. Write a query to display employee names and hire dates in the format
"Name - MM/DD/YYYY".
SELECT CONCAT(name, ' - ', DATE_FORMAT(hire_date, '%m/%d/%Y')) AS
employee_info
FROM employees;
60. How to find employees whose salary isin the top 10%?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= (SELECT PERCENTILE_CONT(0.9)
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary ASC)
FROM employees);
61. Write a query to display employees grouped by their age brackets(e.g.,
20-30, 31-40, etc.).
SELECT CASE
WHEN age BETWEEN 20 AND 30 THEN '20-30'
WHEN age BETWEEN 31 AND 40 THEN '31-40'
ELSE '41+'
END AS age_bracket,
COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY age_bracket;
62. How to find the average salary of the top 5 highest-paid employees in
each department?
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary)
FROM (SELECT department_id,salary,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary
DESC) AS rank
FROM employees) AS ranked_employees
WHERE rank <= 5
GROUP BY department_id;
63. How to calculate the percentage of employeesin each department?
SELECT department_id,
(COUNT(*) * 100.0 /(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees)) AS percentage
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
64. Write a query to find all employees whose email contains the domain
'@example.com'.
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%@example.com';
65. How to retrieve the year-to-date sales for each customer?
SELECT customer_id, SUM(sales_amount)
FROM sales
WHERE sale_date BETWEEN '2024-01-01' AND CURDATE()
GROUP BY customer_id;
66. Write a query to display the hire date and day of the week for each
employee.
SELECT name, hire_date, DAYNAME(hire_date) AS day_of_week
FROM employees;
67. How to find all employees who are older than 30 years?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), birth_date) / 365 > 30;
68. Write a query to display employees grouped by their salary range (e.g., 0-
20K, 20K-50K).
SELECT CASE
WHEN salary BETWEEN 0 AND 20000 THEN '0-20K'
WHEN salary BETWEEN 20001 AND 50000 THEN '20K-50K'
ELSE '50K+'
END AS salary_range,
COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY salary_range;
69. How to list all employees who do not have a bonus?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE bonusIS NULL;
70. Write a query to display the highest, lowest, and average salary for each
job role.
SELECT job_role, MAX(salary) AS highest_salary, MIN(salary) AS lowest_salary,
AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_role;

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Top 70 advanced SQL questions and answersfor query writing!

--1. How to retrieve the second-highest salary of an employee?

SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);

--2. How to get the nth highest salary in ?

SELECT salary
FROM (SELECT salary, DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank
FROM employees) AS ranked_salaries
WHERE rank = N;

--3. How do you fetch all employees whose salary is greater than the average
--salary?

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);

--4. Write a query to display the current date and time in.

SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;

--5. How to find duplicate recordsin a table?

--6. How can you delete duplicate rows in ?

SELECT MONTHNAME(CURRENT_DATE());
--7. How to get the common records from two tables?

--8. How to retrieve the last 10 records from a table?

--9. How do you fetch the top 5 employees with the highest salaries?

--10. How to calculate the total salary of all employees?

--11. How to write a query to find all employees who joined in the year 2020?

--12. Write a query to find employees whose name starts with 'A'.

--13. How can you find the employees who do not have a manager?

--14. How to find the department with the highest number of employees?

15. How to get the count of employeesin each department?

16. Write a query to fetch employees having the highest salary in each
department.

17. How to write a query to update the salary of all employees by 10%?

18. How can you find employees whose salary is between 50,000 and

19. How to find the youngest employee in the organization?

20. How to fetch the first and last record from a table?

21. Write a query to find all employees who report to a specific manager.

22. How can you find the total number of departmentsin the company?

23. How to find the department with the lowest average salary?

24. How to delete all employeesfrom a department in one query?

25. How to display all employees who have been in the company for more
than 5 years?

26. How to find the second-largest value from a table?

27. How to write a query to remove all records from a table but keep the
table structure?

28. Write a query to get all employee recordsin XML format.

29. How to get the current month’s name from ?

SELECT MONTHNAME(CURRENT_DATE());

30. How to convert a string to lowercase in ?

31. How to find all employees who do not have any subordinates?

32. Write a query to calculate the totalsales per customer in a sales table.

33. How to write a query to check if a table is empty?

34. How to find the second highest salary for each department?

35. Write a query to fetch employees whose salary is a multiple of 10,000.

36. How to fetch records where a column has null values?

37. How to write a query to find the total number of employees in each job
title?

38. Write a query to fetch all employees whose names end with ‘n’.

39. How to find all employees who work in both departments 101 and 102?

40. Write a query to fetch the details of employees with the same salary.

41. How to update salaries of employees based on their department?

42. How to write a query to list all employees without a department?

43. Write a query to find the maximum salary and minimum salary in each
department.

44. How to list all employees hired in the last 6 months?

45. Write a query to display department-wise total and average salary.

46. How to find employees who joined the company in the same month and
year as their manager?

47. Write a query to count the number of employees whose names start and
end with the same letter.

48. How to retrieve employee names and salariesin a single string?

49. How to find employees whose salary is higher than their managers

5O. Write a query to get employees who belong to departments with less
than 3 employees.

51. How to write a query to find employees with the same first name?

52. How to write a query to delete employees who have been in the company
for more than 15 years?

53. Write a query to list all employees working under the same manager.

54. How to find the top 3 highest-paid employeesin each department?

55. Write a query to list all employees with more than 5 years of experience
in each department.

56. How to list all employees in departments that have not hired anyone in
the past 2 years?

57. Write a query to find all employees who earn more than the average
salary of their department.

58. How to list all managers who have more than 5 subordinates?

59. Write a query to display employee names and hire dates in the format
"Name - MM/DD/YYYY".

60. How to find employees whose salary isin the top 10%?

61. Write a query to display employees grouped by their age brackets(e.g.,

20-30, 31-40, etc.).

62. How to find the average salary of the top 5 highest-paid employees in
each department?

63. How to calculate the percentage of employeesin each department?

64. Write a query to find all employees whose email contains the domain
'@example.com'.

65. How to retrieve the year-to-date sales for each customer?

66. Write a query to display the hire date and day of the week for each
employee.

67. How to find all employees who are older than 30 years?

68. Write a query to display employees grouped by their salary range (e.g., 0-
20K, 20K-50K).

69. How to list all employees who do not have a bonus?

70. Write a query to display the highest, lowest, and average salary for each
job role.