bhanu123 (1)
bhanu123 (1)
1 Functionalities of a Computer
2 Advantages of Computer
3 Disadvantages of Computer
5 Generations of Computer
There are three basic functionalities of a computer system and
they are
1. Input
2. Process
3. Output
No I.Q.
Environment
The operating environment of the computer should be dust free and
suitable.
No Feeling
Computer have no feelings or emotions.
It cannot make judgment based on felling, taste, experience, and
knowledge unlike humans.
• Business
A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or
versatility which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.
Payroll Calculations
Budgeting
Sales Analysis
Managing Employee Database
Maintenance of Stocks, etc.
Today, banking is almost totally dependent on
computers.
Banks provide the following facilities:
Following are some major fields of health care in which computers are used.
Diagnostic System – Computers are used to collect data and identify the cause of illness.
Lab-diagnostic System – All tests can be done and the reports are prepared by computer.
Patient Monitoring System – These are used to check the patient’s signs for abnormality
such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc
.
Pharma Information System – Computer is used to check drug labels, expiry dates, harmful
side effects, etc.
One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation
and modification of images. Some of the fields are:
Missile Control
Military Communication
Military Operation and Planning
Smart Weapons
Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a
picture, or speech that is received and understood clearly
and correctly by the person for whom it is meant. Some
main areas in this category are:
E-mail
Chatting
Usenet
FTP
Telnet
Video-conferencing
Computers play an important role in government
services. Some major fields in this category are:
Budgets
Sales tax department
Income tax department
Computation of male/female ratio
Computerization of voter’s lists
Computerization of PAN card
Weather forecasting
Generation in computer terminology is a change
in technology a computer is/was being used.
Initially, the generation term was used to
distinguish between varying hardware
technologies.
Nowadays, generation include both hardware
and software, which together make up an entire
computer system.
There are five computer generations
known till date. Each generation has been
discussed in detail along with their time
period and characteristics. In the
following table, approximate dates
against each generation has been
mentioned, which are normally accepted.
SI. No. Generation & Description
1 Frist Generation
The period of first generation:1946-1959. Vacuum tube
based.
2 Second Generation
The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor
based.
3 Third Generation
The period of third generation:1965-1971.Integrated
Circuit based.
4 Fourth Generation
The period of fourth generation:1971-1980.VLSI
microprocessor based.
5 Fifth Generation
The period of fifth generation:1980-onwards. ULSI
microprocessor based.
Frist Generation Computers
The period of first generation was from 1946-1959. The computers
of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for
memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes,
like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used
to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only
large organizations were able to afford it.