Year 10 Mathematics

Topic 8_Coordinate Geometry

Homework Rate Parent

Success Criteria
yourself sign
3.01
● I can find the midpoint of an interval. 3.02
● I can determine the gradient of a line or interval.
● I can find the distance between two points using the
formula.

• I can find the x and y-intercepts of a line. 3.03

• I can graph straight lines using:
o pen/paper
o digital technology
• I can use substitution to show that a point is or is not on a
given line.
3.04
● I can graph a straight line using the gradient and y- 3.05
intercept.
● I can re-write an equation in order to find the gradient
and y-intercept

● I can find the gradient and y-intercept from a graph and

then write the equation in the form y = mx + b
● I can use the x and y-intercepts to sketch a straight line. 3.06
● I can use the point-gradient formula to find the equation 3.07
of a line.
● I can use the gradient and y-intercept to find the equation
of a line
● I can find the equation of a straight line given two points
on the line.
• I can use a linear relationship to describe a real life
situation and solve problems related to the relationship.
3.08
● I can determine that two lines are parallel/perpendicular
by comparing gradients.
● I can describe parallel/perpendicular lines in terms of
gradients.
3.09
● I can establish properties of geometrical figures using the
techniques involved in finding distance, midpoint and
gradient on the Cartesian plane.
Test yourself 3
Coordinate Geometry Summary

Concept Formula Use

Distance

Midpoint

Gradient

Gradient
intercept
formula

General Form

Point
Gradient
Formula

Parallel lines

Perpendicular
lines

Does a point
lie on the line

The angle
between a
line and the
positive x-axis

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 Perpendicular
Distance
(not
examinable)
Collinear
points

Perpendicular
bisector

Graphing techniques
Method When to use it How to use it.
Table of Values

Gradient intercept
method

Intercept method.

Vertical and Horizontal lines.

To find the equation on the axes, let the other letter equal zero.

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Harder Distance midpoint and gradient problems.

1. a. Three of the 4 vertices of a parallelogram are at the coordinates (-1,-3), (2, -2),
(-1,0), find the 4th coordinate.
Is there more than one answer for the 4th coordinate?

b. The coordinates A,B,C,D from a parallelogram. If A(-1,-3), B(2, -2), C(-1,0), find
the coordinates of D. Is there more than one answer for D?
How is this diQerent to (a)?

2. The centre of a circle has the coordinates (1,2). One end of a diameter is (-2,7),
find the other end of the diameter.

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3.

4.

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5. Find x such that the interval 𝐴(2,3), 𝐵(−1, −5) is perpendicular to the interval
𝐵, 𝐶(𝑥, 4)

6.

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Collinear points:
Three points are said to be collinear if they all join with a single straight line.

Collinear points Non-Collinear points

What do you notice about the gradient of any 2 of the 3 points if the points are
a. collinear?

b. non-collinear?

To prove that 3 points are collinear prove that any 2 pairs of points have the same
gradient.

Note: Would checking 2 pairs work to prove 4 points are collinear? Comment on why
this may not work.

1. Prove that the points (3,4), (5,5) and (9,7) are collinear.

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Coordinate geometry questions:

2019

7
2017

8
2016

9
2014

10
2013

11
2012

12
2011

13
2010

14
1997

15
1998

16
17
1999

18
CSSA 2012

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Worded problem
A rescue team is looking for an escaped convict, and is using a map.
The rescue team starts at a point A. The coordinates of A are (3,4). They head in a straight
line to point B. The coordinates of B are (11,8).
You may assume the positive direction of the y axis represents north.

When the team is halfway between points A and B, it turns left at right angles to the line AB.

(i) Find the equation of the line the rescue team is now walking on? Call this line l. 2

The rescue team never finds the convict, but a helicopter does find the body 3 months
later, directly north of point A and km from a hut which has coordinates H (5,7).

(ii) Find the coordinates of the body of the convict? 2

(iii) Find the closest distance the rescue team came to the position of the convict if they
continued their search on line l. 2

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Prove a type of triangle.
Triangle Diagram Proof using coordinate geometry
Isosceles

equilateral

Right -angled Proof 1

Proof 2

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Properties of Quadrilaterals
Properties of quadrilaterals flow chart.

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23
Quadrilateral proofs:
Quadrilateral Diagram Proof using coordinate geometry
Trapezium

Kite

Parallelogram

Rhombus

Square

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25
26
2015

27
1995

28
29
1996

30
31
2000

32
33
CSSA 2011

34
35
CSSA 2014

36
CSSA 2017

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(iv) What quadrilateral is ABCD?

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The points A(-4,-3), B(0,-1), C (2,3) and D(-2,1) form a quadrilateral.
a. Find the midpoint of AC and BD.

b. Give a possible quadrilateral of ABCD based on this. Explain your answer.

c. Find the gradient of AC and BD.

d. What type of quadrilateral is ABCD now? Give reasons for your answer.

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Every day linear models.
1. The cost, C, of a taxi fare for k kilometres can be found using the equation
𝐶 = 1.5𝑘 + 3.
a. Complete the table of values for the equation.
Distance, k km 6 10 20 40
Cost, $C

b. Graph the Cost on the number plane.

c. Determine the dependent and independent variables in the model.

d. From your graph find the cost of hiring the taxi for 25 km.

e. Use the equation to check your solution to (d).

f. From your graph how far the taxi will take you for $60.

g. Use the equation to check your solution to (f)

h. What does the gradient represent in the model?

i. What does the y-intercept represent?

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Rules for Linear Modelling.
Linear models are everyday problems that compare 2 variables that forms a linear
pattern.
1. The cost of producing shoes overseas is given by the equation 𝐶 = 2000 + 15𝑛
where n is the number of pairs of shoes produced each day. The cost of producing
shoes in Australia is 𝐶 = 1000 + 20𝑛.
a. Complete the table of values for the cost of producing shoes overseas:
n 50 100 150 200 250

b. On the same axes, graph the cost equations for producing the shoes in overseas and
Australia. Set your graph up such that the input increases by 20 and the output
increases by 500.

c. What does the gradient

represent in each
model?

c. What does the y

intercept represent?

d. When is it more cost

effective to produce
shoes in overseas?

• Use 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 to determine the equations of the model, or you will be given the
model in this form.
• The axis for x and y will be represented by diQerent variables such as time,
length, number of items, temperature, speed distance capacity… more than
likely the equation will interchange x and y for other letters that represent these
variables it 𝑡, 𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑠, 𝑑, ℎ …
• The variables m and c will always represent the same thing in a practical sense.

• There are limitations on these models to consider.

EG time is always positive. Check your variable and think about the solution in a
practical way to check if there are limitations.

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2. A catering company charges a base amount of $100 plus a rate of $25 per guest.
a. Plot this information onto a number plane.

b. What does the gradient

represent in each model?

c. What does the y intercept

represent?

d. Let the c be the cost of the event ($) and n be the number of guests, find the equation
of the line.

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3. A water tank has developed a leak, with water flowing out at the rater of 16 litres per
minute. Initially the water tank contained 2000 litres.
a. Find an equation of the linear model that represents the amount of water, W litres,
in the tank any time t minutes after the water started leaking.

b. Determine how many litres of water remained in the tank after 8 minutes.

c. How long will it take for the water to reduce to 1000 L?

d. If water kept flowing out, how long would it take for the tank to empty?

e. What are the limitations required for this model to be valid?

f. Sketch the graph of the linear model.

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4. Bulk washing powder is sold for $1.40 per kilogram. The table shows the weight
versus the cost of the washing powder.

a. Draw the graph of the weight versus the cost of washing powder.

b. Determine the input and output variables.

c. Use your graph to interpolate the cost of 12.5kg of washing powder.

d. Use your graph to extrapolate the how much washing powder can be
purchased for $30.

e. What are the limitations of the model?

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5. The cost of travelling in a hire car is $10 booking fee plus $3.20 per kilometre.
a. Complete the table of values for the hire car.

b. Plot the points and sketch the graph of the hire car costs.

c. Find the cost of a 25 km journey.

d. How far can the hire car be driven for $50.

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6. A 12000L tank if leaking at 5 L/min, if the tank was full to capacity at 6:30am on
Monday.
a. Determine an equation for the model.

b. Graph the model

c. At what time will the tank empty?

d. What are the limitations on the variables?

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 Direct Variation
Direct variation is special application of linear relationships.
Direct variation occurs when one variable increases in proportion (ratio) with another.
The relationship will start from zero.
1. Give 3 everyday examples the form a direct variation relationship and determine the
constant of variation of each.

Example Constant of variation

Pay varies directly with Hours work

Pay

Hours worked

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Variation Problems.
Example 1: The distance a car travels varies directly with the time taken. It takes 3 hours to
travel 240 km.
a. Determine the constant of variation and equation of the line.

b. How far will it travel in 8 hours?

c. Graph the relationship below.

d. Determine if there any limitations with the model.

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Example 2: The extension of a spring varies directly with the size of the weight attached to
the bottom of the spring. If a 4kg weight attached to the bottom gives a 5cm extension find:
a. the extension if an 11 kg weight is attached.

b. The weight attached to the bottom that will give a 12 cm extension.

HSC Questions

Oxford 10 Ex 5A

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50
Summary

● I can find the midpoint of an interval.

● I can determine the gradient of a line or interval.
● I can find the distance between two points using the formula.

• I can find the x and y-intercepts of a line.

• I can graph straight lines using:
o pen/paper
o digital technology
• I can use substitution to show that a point is or is not on a given line.

● I can graph a straight line using the gradient and y-intercept.

● I can re-write an equation in order to find the gradient and y-intercept

● I can find the gradient and y-intercept from a graph and then write the equation in the
form y = mx + b

51
● I can use the x and y-intercepts to sketch a straight line.
● I can use the point-gradient formula to find the equation of a line.
● I can use the gradient and y-intercept to find the equation of a line
● I can find the equation of a straight line given two points on the line.

• I can use a linear relationship to describe a real life situation and solve problems related
to the relationship.

● I can determine that two lines are parallel/perpendicular by comparing gradients.

● I can describe parallel/perpendicular lines in terms of gradients.

● I can establish properties of geometrical figures using the techniques involved in finding
distance, midpoint and gradient on the Cartesian plane.

52