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Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10 Maths - Google Docs

Chapter 8 introduces trigonometry, focusing on the relationships between angles and sides of triangles, with applications in various fields. It covers trigonometric ratios for right-angled triangles, values for standard angles, and key trigonometric identities. Exercises are provided to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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Akshat Shankar
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20 views

Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10 Maths - Google Docs

Chapter 8 introduces trigonometry, focusing on the relationships between angles and sides of triangles, with applications in various fields. It covers trigonometric ratios for right-angled triangles, values for standard angles, and key trigonometric identities. Exercises are provided to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Akshat Shankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry‬

‭ EY NOTE: Run This Through ChatGpt and ask it‬


K
‭to show this on chat.‬

‭8.1 Introduction‬
‭ rigonometry is the study of the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles. It has‬
T
‭applications in various fields, including physics, engineering, and astronomy.‬

‭8.2 Trigonometric Ratios‬


‭For a right-angled triangle with an angle θ\theta, the trigonometric ratios are defined as:‬

‭●‬ S ‭ ine:‬‭sin⁡θ=Opposite sideHypotenuse\sin \theta = \frac{\text{Opposite‬


‭side}}{\text{Hypotenuse}}‬
‭●‬ ‭Cosine:‬‭cos⁡θ=Adjacent sideHypotenuse\cos \theta = \frac{\text{Adjacent‬
‭side}}{\text{Hypotenuse}}‬
‭●‬ ‭Tangent:‬‭tan⁡θ=Opposite sideAdjacent side\tan \theta = \frac{\text{Opposite‬
‭side}}{\text{Adjacent side}}‬

‭Other ratios:‬

‭‬ C
● ‭ osecant:‬‭csc⁡θ=1sin⁡θ\csc \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta}‬
‭●‬ ‭Secant:‬‭sec⁡θ=1cos⁡θ\sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta}‬
‭●‬ ‭Cotangent:‬‭cot⁡θ=1tan⁡θ\cot \theta = \frac{1}{\tan \theta}‬

‭8.3 Values of Trigonometric Ratios‬


‭The trigonometric ratios for standard angles are:‬

\‭begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c|c} \theta & 0^\circ & 30^\circ & 45^\circ & 60^\circ & 90^\circ \\\n\hline \sin‬
‭\theta & 0 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & 1 \\ \cos \theta & 1 &‬
‭\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{2} & 0 \\ \tan \theta & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 1 &‬
‭\sqrt{3} & \text{Not defined} \\ \end{array}‬

‭8.4 Trigonometric Identities‬


‭Key trigonometric identities include:‬

‭ .‬ s‭ in⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1‬


1
‭2.‬ ‭1+tan⁡2θ=sec⁡2θ1 + \tan^2 \theta = \sec^2 \theta‬
‭3.‬ ‭1+cot⁡2θ=csc⁡2θ1 + \cot^2 \theta = \csc^2 \theta‬

‭Example:‬‭Prove that 1+tan⁡245∘=sec⁡245∘1 + \tan^2 45^\circ = \sec^2 45^\circ.‬

‭1+1=2 ⟹ sec⁡245∘=2 1 + 1 = 2 \implies \sec^2 45^\circ = 2‬

‭8.5 Exercise 8.1 Solutions‬


‭1.‬ ‭Find sin⁡30∘,cos⁡30∘,tan⁡30∘\sin 30^\circ, \cos 30^\circ, \tan 30^\circ.‬

s‭ in⁡30∘=12,cos⁡30∘=32,tan⁡30∘=13 \sin 30^\circ = \frac{1}{2}, \cos 30^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, \tan‬


‭30^\circ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}‬

‭2.‬ ‭Prove sin⁡260∘+cos⁡260∘=1\sin^2 60^\circ + \cos^2 60^\circ = 1.‬

(‭ 32)2+(12)2=34+14=1 \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{3}{4} +‬


‭\frac{1}{4} = 1‬

‭3.‬ ‭Evaluate tan⁡45∘×cot⁡45∘\tan 45^\circ \times \cot 45^\circ.‬

‭1×1=1 1 \times 1 = 1‬

‭Summary‬
‭‬ T
● ‭ rigonometric ratios are crucial for solving problems involving right-angled triangles.‬
‭●‬ ‭Standard angles and their trigonometric values form the foundation for solving equations and‬
‭identities.‬
‭●‬ ‭Trigonometric identities help simplify complex expressions and prove mathematical relationships.‬

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