BafnaGold .

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Bplain dijeeni modaa o Heal Tranl uwith

0ne caample eoch and it ate the qoveing Jaw.
AO1The basic modus ol Heal THonsk
conduction, onveekon t Rodiaton.
Condution :- Itia the IHanaku o hat pom a tugion
o< highu tempuratwe to a aagion o Jon furmpunowu
Itis a
ai a tult o< inlenaction bfw thu pattidu.
mioAopis phmomenon.
Conduchion Cam cunin o Aid, liquid ß qas.
vibHation and.
n olidA COnduchon is dueto Aattice
mefon ol elecAonA.
iqids dqases the condction is due to calliniont
|n
difusion a noleaules.
Thu law qoveHnLng condution ia "Fouion Lauw"
aa you hald. a
Eqi- Heat tromapa intn youhhanda as
het upaae.

highu tempeHatuxe to the oion lousn tempuuaur

Convection can
moleculea.
|da to the mareALOpic motion s
oawn in uid to aolid inta<oce uid toluid inleniaca
povídad furnpexatuxa QHacient eiata.
INotunal convectioni- 4 the uid mofion in set up by
byamy olect Maoulhng om thedenaity dienee
ouaed by the tempsMatwu diluAUNe in thu fd
ths hect Juunaei Aaid to be Fu 4 Natal
onvectíon.
 Fe1ad convction:- the uid motion áa axtiiciallss
iodued Au mith ihu púnp 4lom that uowA the
uid oven thu ALnlae thu heat iama<n i aatd tobu
|oved conveckíon.
he Jaw qovoining convction áa Calea "Nutonu haww

kq Ice Meting.
Radiation:- Di the tlamser o, heat oma ugion q
híghex tenmpnatwe to a'Haqioo o ous tumqakotiz
win hse bodiss aHe ApUHated in spa eNen u
Vacum eouita blw them.
he Busic law qoNOAning Hadiakon ia known as
Ate<am Oolizmamn law
ka- Rehecatng a cold aup e e in a miHOuave Oven.

what do you meam by Bounday condition e

AOBounday ondiíona aH thuhmal condittonA at the

Thaa 3 dillineni unua s boumdaxs Londtíona

L BoumdaHs conaition siat kind (Oneaoi bed Tenp)
a BoumdoHs condition a 8ond kind (PHauibed heat ua
3.Boundayconditfon o< thind kind ( tonvection bounday
COndition).
Boundaxs Condiion e Ful kind.

1-0
 BafnaGold
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coaid a plate d, thicknem L as shown n ig Auppne.

the boumday sw|ace at =0 is maintained t
Jempunatue Ta thu bounday conditíons uu wHitten as

. BoundaHy condition o<_ second kind.

heatauply heat suely

Gonaidet oa plate o thickness cu

c Ahauwn n ig. Suppsoe
the is aheat dupply qo thOugh Ihu houmday a
o banthu hect Auppy e hiough thu boundady
AHlou at the mathamatiual upARntakion o
Auch boumdaxy canditions HL
at Heal Aupy aVo conduction
Vo-kdI
dx

d
 oumdauy onditíon ol Thiudkind.

Fid Eow Fluid Hou

Tah

1-0

onsidea plate d thicknem Laa Ahowm in hig

uppoe the luidI uith colecien hMou oveH
the Auala the plate at 0 4 Jhe 'boundau

h, (Ti-T 0 -k dT

y1a luid attumpHatwe Ts k hect tuanale

dx

Deline ThexMal conductivity , Ihuxmal dilyuaiihy t

onion Hent DAama Loolosinl
AQThuAMal conducÁuihy o mateuial ia dalind sthe am
imit HÊM Aectionalcea wuhen th
tempeiatw
quodieal unity. Iis denoted by k.Istuniteu<nit
 Bafna Gold.
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nhmal diyuaivityia dalined caa the Hato el ability to

conduct Heat to the ahiihy to ate1e Heot.
k. ahility to condurt Heat
(SCp) abilityto atote Heat.

Convection Heot Tamale co-dljecienl hcan bbe dalined.

as the Hate o heat DMansle4 b<w a s0lid awMlai d a
uid pex unit'ausaa aa putunit temp dilonenee.
Oive the QumoHod 10imemaional heat conduchioo le1
plame wl e1 alab.

The qoveHning eauation lex onu Oimensianal ateads

Atale conduction uuithoút hecl qenatton i qive as

da

Inteqnatiog one agin

 UAing CoumdaxycondíHona

Aubatituting the Boumdau condirion in eoo

Abatiruting C t Co in the above ea

thicknes L.
To |ind heat o thuough the alab in x dinechon
(osid fOiie law e thetmal cDncitíon.
da

d L

-kA CTa-Ti)
L

(Ta-T) (whoHL Rz L
R
 Bafna Gold
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5. |Deive ihe qenwnal Equctíon lor. componite aylindun

with convecton heal Mamalau coclpce

Thi
|R, Kl

T 2 3

Conside a hollow compeite uylind as shownin ag

|hauing Hodii H,,4,d y uih thumal cnductu
k,kk, Hspectively. Insida dOutaide pHOpLHtíes ol hot 4
Cotd qas ave hiTi 4 holo tuspctively As the iunla
aHa thOugh uhidh heat paua By consideníng hat
oejecient on hot e eld aide'o the Anlace af h; dho
By Enenqs balamee e qel
Qh4,L (Ti-T) =k,aIL (T-Ta) =kadL (T-T3)
n Mou An Ma/42

(Ti-T )
hË,L

(Ta-73)
 = (T3-To)

Adding l the above tenms on LHS kRHS.

TL
K k ho3 ]=(Ti-To)
OTL (T;-To)

hit, Ka

Fonn CompsiteDIL
Jayen.
(Ti- To)

hi hoot

b. Ouiue thu qunanal tauation e compsnite 4phaxe.

uith convuhon Heat THomalen cOlpcienl.

T3
Tihi
Toho

I TaT3
 -Bafna Gold.
Date: Pape:

(onaidahelowAphone
H.HH, with
as Ahouwn un kg having Hadi
thnmal conducliviy K,kK, sctvdy
nide Otaide pHOpOitiea hot dcotd. qaa
A hoto spectivey Ais thu aue hili
AoL ann thuough.
uhich hent (kows By conaiding ihu heal tiamaje
oceciemt on hot otd aide o the auHloa at
hiho

By kneqy Balome weqet

2

-(u-1)
hiHTT
e(-41) - (T,-T3)

A(3-4a) = (TT -T3)

(T3-To)
ho2TgL
Alding al< Ahove texMA on LHS &RHS
Ll=(Ti -To)
ho3
HIT Ti-To)

h; K,,3 ho
Lompoit Jayen
HIT (Ti-To)
L t 2
hot
 ntve ann enpAumion 1e1 (ital thiknem ola inaulation,

AOItal thiknem is dalíned cA the thicknem nto

which th1 heat owinneasu t aten which the
|heat ouW ducneaneá ib teumed as cui~al thiuknen

Fuid Pilm
Tautaton
K

Soltd
ulind.

Lt eoniden a dcuyet al inaulation which mighi he

ioataled axound a cinalaH pipe asAhoun in a
at Ts ad the aute fempeHatwe is eapoed to a
convectiOn emviHONMent Iain.

n ( Mo/A) t I
k ho
Ma incneoses ith n(M/41l/k
H deease wwh
hot
Qhuomes maa whun dunminate ia minimum
d 1
K
hoa
 Bafna Gold
Date:. Page

k ho

hot
hot K

().
ho
(' ittal Thicnem).
ho

8. 0oHive an eapemíon lothe termpDMatwne diAtwbuion

ben Aection with iauuw aled

anfApgyiog Boumday conclitíon In.the qemuHal Aolutfon

enuatfon.
To

Temp pmolle
T
(delda)-o.
X

9-(Tex) -To): Acoshmxt Bainhmx(0)

when
X-0; TX)Io om ca .
uhen XL;dO =0 Om eq)^L)
dx

Acehmx BAiahmx
d = mA ceohmlt mBain h m=0
d
Op tamhm
Cesh mL
B-OÍ tamhml ’

o ehmx - AiohmL sahmx

CAshmL

CohmL.
e ouah -x)
Cesh mL
9- Txj-To)
CTo-To)
Ch cL-x)

e know that
-7A dA
dx X0

FHom ea^ C)
9 Acehmxt bainhmx
do = Amainhmxt BmLeshmx
dx
z Amsinhmot Bmeshmo.
dx
 Bafna Gold
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axJyo
dx

Exom ea,

Aub Bt val wwill qet

tomhm
VkA
9:hokA (To-Tao) tomh mL.
|uhat is umped ayatem anayais ? doxive thu temguralue
Voiaton wing Lumped ayatem panomutH analyui.
AAAOlids hawL a linite thenmal oaductivy d thue
ullbe abwaysa fempuxctus qHadlent inatde the ADlid
luhemoOH the hect is addod HOmoved. Ihe inteunal
HAtane kA) Can bu amumed to be mall o
uaigible with convective Heaiutomc Cha at th
ulace. Thu pHoum in uhiih indeunal HListama is
amumed nugligible in companision wuith ila AwHlae
siatomia is caled the nNtoiaM Heating 1Cooling.
pAoUm. Ihe tempaHctwe in this pHocem is oraicud
to be mom at a qiuen ttmu such an amalynis is
called humped paramte analinis &auch syatem is
called humped aytem..

Soltag
Fluid
 ot coaidH a bodu ahown above

K. Theimal conductivits e the sold

C: spcihc heat d the solid
T: Tempxatwe thu solid at the qiven tine intMVa
To =vailenm initial tumpnatuu
la ine aolid suddeny immuwed io a well atiRd)duicd
kepl at umilom JempHatwHe Tao at Hme
Amuming lempsxatw'e is a unction attonu only
Rate e heat low into thel<[InuheoAe în inieunal enuiqy
Aolid o< velumy
hA o-1) = mc dI
dt

hA (To-)= Vc dt
dI
d) hA CTo-)
dt
dT 2 - he dt
(T-To) Svc
Intearating the ahove enpuonion
d - hA ldt
(T-Too)

Appying iniial boundaxs condiriona

fvc
 Bafna Gold.
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Aubatituti the vaw o Cin the eouation c)

lnc- Too) -hAttn CTo-Tao)
dn(- To)-n (To-To) = -hA t
vc
- hA t
Ti-To

ic
This i the empsuoUHL VOHiation expADD0Dn \o4
L0imenaiona tHonsient Heat conduction.
migy
wt Bi hl and fo =fouAieH nUmhM- dt 2

uhae oz Thexmal diusivíty (m/s).

t = ht
k2 K L2

wheLe y/A

-B;Fo
.

0. OelinL Bist e fonie umhey. uuith notahionu

signilicoe?
Biet umbet Tis the otio intena conduction
HOniatamce to swH<ace convctive HoAistanoc.
HOniatarnce.
K.
 iqnilicancL
*uhnthu Bi i Amalit indcats that the intunal
HOAiAtamce has aAmall iatamee, i Hlaivdy
patical uni<em tempeatwu uuithin the Ayateron
I Bi<O:1 the wmped hect cap acity an00ch cam be
sedtO advantage uith Aimple Ahans such as
plates, ulindsr d uwbes.
Fouie umben i-Iis the Hatio o difeaive e1

Hate.
2
t
L

Aignilicane
heatng ß1 cosling lec thxough a Aokd.
t chaHarteHises thu balamce blw heat conduckion
heat ato1age Hates within a matental e body
Ahighu (ouieM mbet aignilies a mu Honid heat
IHojex'hough thu body, conveHA ely a LowH (ouiLA
LoumbH Coesponds t0 a sloes Hate hettamale
utthin the body