MAPEH REVIEWER

MUSIC
CONTEMPORARY MUSIC
Life&works of
Francisco Santiago
-Francisco Santiago Santiago, PhD was born on January 29, 1889 in Sta. Maria, Bulacan to
musically inclined parents Felipe Santiago and Maria Santiago. He is known as the "Father of
the Kundiman" and belongs to the "Triumvirate of Filipino Composers." He finished his music
specialization at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago, where he obtained his
Doctorate Degree in 1924. Santiago's music was Romantic in style, incorporating Western forms
and techniques with folk materials. He composed several works such as kundiman, symphonies,
piano concerti, and other music pieces for the piano, violin, and voice. Among his famous works
are Pakiusap, Madaling Araw, Sakali Man, Hibik ng Pilipinas, Ano Kaya ang Kapalaran, and
Kundiman (Anak Dalita). This piece was sung before the Royal Court of Spain upon the request
of King Alfonso II. Santiago was also a musical director for films. Among the films whose music
he supervised were Kundiman, Leron Leron Sinta, Madaling Araw, Manileña, and the movie
inspired by his own composition Pakiusap. He became the first Filipino Director of the
University of the Philippines' (UP) Conservatory of Music. He died on September 28, 1947.
Felipe P. De Leon Sr.
- FELIPE P. DE LEON SR. (1912-1992) National Artist for Music Image: wikia.com Felipe Padilla de
Leon was born on May 1, 1912 in Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija. His parents were Juan de Leon and
Natalia Padilla. Felipe de Leon married pianist Iluminada Mendoza with whom he had six
children. One son Bayani is a well-known composer, and another son Felipe Jr. is a writer and
the present chairman of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). De Leon's
talent in painting and drawing was discovered during his school days and was admired by his
peers. People asked him to make illustrations and sketches, for which he was paid. When he
was studying at the Nueva Ecija High School, he went on trips with his hometown band and
wrote short pieces for them. He took up Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines in 1927,
but he had to stop schooling in order to make a living. He played the trombone in dance
orchestras which performed in cabarets, circuses, and bodabil (vaudeville) shows. He then
worked as an assistant conductor of the Nueva Ecija High School Orchestra where he started
doing musical arrangements and eventually writing music for the zarzuela. De Leon decided to
study music formally and enrolled at the Conservatory of Music, University of the Philippines.
He studied under National Artists Col. Antonino Buenaventura and Antonio Molina. He
contributed articles to the school paper and vernacular magazines, and later wrote music
columns for the Manila Times (then known as Manila Tribune) and Taliba. He graduated with a
music teacher's diploma, major in conducting, in 1939. Much later, he took advanced studies in
composition under Vittorio Giannini of the Julliard School of Music in New York, USA. De Leon
received many awards, such as Composer of the Year (1949), Manila Music Lovers Society;
Musician of the Year (1958), UP Conservatory of Music. He was conferred an honorary degree,
Doctor of Philosophy in the Humanities, by the University of the Philippines in 1991. De Leon
wrote piano compositions, hymns, marches, art songs, chamber music, symphonic poems,
overtures, band music, school songs, orchestral works, operas, kundiman, and zarzuelas. He
was known as a nationalist composer who expressed the Philippines' cultural identity through
his compositions. His two operas, Noli Me Tangere (1957) and El Filibusterismo (1970), are
considered his masterpieces and have been staged in the Philippines and abroad. He also wrote
a march during the Japanese regime entitled Tindig, Aking Inang Bayan, and another march
Bagong Lipunan during the martial law period. He wrote the popular Christmas carols Payapang
Daigdig (1946), Noche Buena, and Pasko Na Naman. both in 1965. De Leon died on December 5,
1992 and received a posthumous award as National Artist for Music in 1997.
Lucio D. San Pedro
-LUCIO D. SAN PEDRO (1913-2002) National Artist for Music Image: globalpinoy.com Lucio
Diestro San Pedro was born on February 11, 1913 in Angono, Rizal. He started composing as
early as his elementary days. He studied the banjo which inspired him to become a serious
musician. He later pursued his music degree at the University of the Philippines and the Juilliard
School in New York, USA. Upon returning to the Philippines, he became a professor of theory
and composition at the University of the Philippines' College of Music. San Pedro is known as a
"romantic nationalist." He incorporated Philippine folk elements in his compositions with
Western forms to create highly tonal melody and rich expressive harmonies. His chords have a
rich expressive tonality, as represented in his well-loved Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, a lullaby melody
sung by his mother. His orchestral compositions are best represented by the Suite Pastorale
(1956), a poetic aural description of his hometown Angono, and his nationalistic symphonic
poem Lahing Kayumanggi (1962). His other compositions include songs, as well as pieces for
violin, cello, piano, and chorus. His works for the Symphony Band were his most prolific and
productive, both as a composer and conductor. San Pedro's musical prowess was
internationally recognized when he was invited to be a judge at the prestigious Van Cliburn
International Piano Competition in 1980. He was declared National Artist for Music in 1991 and
passed away on March 31, 2002. ROSENDO E. SANTOS JR. (1922-1994)
Ryan Cayabyab
-RAYMUNDO CIPRIANO "RYAN" P. CAYABYAB (born 1954) Raymundo Cipriano "Ryan" Pujante
Cayabyab was born on May 4, 1954 in Manila. He obtained his Bachelor of Music degree at the
University of the Philippines' College of Music and became a faculty member for Composition at
the same university. He is a popular contemporary composer who also has classical
compositions to his credit, such as Misa, Four Poems for Soprano and Piano, and Te Deum. His
compositional style makes much use of syncopation, extended chords, and chromatic harmony.
He spans both popular and classical worlds with his pop music, ballads, operas, zarzuelas,
orchestral arrangements, musicals, masses, psalms, and choral compositions. His compositions
are mostly of traditional Western influence. Image mb.com.ph Among his numerous
compositions are the award-winning Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika (1978), as well as the modern
zarzuela Alikabok (2003), the opera Spoliarium with libretto by Fides Cuyugan-Asensio, and a
variety of choral pieces and song cycles. He has also produced numerous recordings, including
the memorable album One, where he personally sang the unaccompanied songs on different
tracks to produce 16 voices. Cayabyab also served as the Executive and Artistic Director of the
San Miguel Foundation for the Performing Arts, which oversaw the San Miguel Philharmonic
Orchestra and the San Miguel Master Chorale. At present, he continues to be a much sought-
after professor, musical director, composer, arranger, and conductor in the Philippine concert
and recording scenes.
Antonio J. Molina
-ANTONIO J. MOLINA (1894-1980) National Artist for Music Image: globalp om Antonio J.
Molina was born on December 26, 1894 in Quiapo, Manila. He is the first National Artist for
Music. He is considered one of the "Triumvirate of Filipino Composers" which includes Nicanor
Abelardo and Francisco Santiago. He began his music career as an orchestral soloist at the
Manila Grand Opera House. He went on to serve as Dean of the Centro Escolar University
Conservatory of Music from 1948 to 1970. He was also a faculty member of the University of
the Philippines' Conservatory (now College) of Music. Molina was a product of both the
Romantic and impressionist styles. He was fascinated by the dynamics and harmonies of
Debussy, but retained much of the Romantic style in his melody. A characteristically
impressionist work is his piano composition Malikmata (Transfiguration). The mysteriously
exotic chords of this piece gradually lead to a lyrical melody, with the traditional harmonies
abruptly returning to the initial mood. Molina wrote several compositions for piano, violin, and
voice as well as a Spanish-style opera form known as the zarzuela. 95 P You sent S. MUSIC
Quarter Ill He is best known for his poignantly romantic serenade for violin and piano
Hatinggabi. Subsequent transcriptions of this piece were written for the cello, flute, piano, and
guitar. Other works by Molina include orchestral music - Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass,
Ang Batingaw, Kundiman-Kundangan; chamber music - String Quartet, Kung sa Iyong Gunita,
Pandangguhan; and vocal music - Amihan, Awit ni Maria Clara, and Larawan Nitong Pilipinas. He
received the National Artist for Music award in 1973, and passed away on January 29, 1980.

ARTS
Photography
-In its early stages during the late 19th century, photography was viewed as a purely materials.
In fact, its very name-from the Greek "photos" (meaning light) and "graphos" (meaning
writing)-states this process literally.
In comparison to the highly regarded arts of painting and sculpture, then, photography was not
immediately considered an art. But it was not long before the artistry of 20th- century
photographers elevated this "light writing" to an aesthetic form in its own right.
The Photographer as Artist
Focusing a camera at a subject and clicking the shutter is photography as process. Discerning a
significant moment or a unique expression, framing it in the camera viewfinder with an eye for
composition, and then clicking the shutter is photography as art. That discernment and that eye
for composition are the factors that elevate a photographer from a mere recorder of images to
an artist.
In a pictorial shoot, the photographer may position lighting, modify the lens setting, or use
filters to create an effect he or she has conceptualized beforehand. The tools and techniques
may not be those of the traditional artist, but the aesthetic principles are the same.
For today's
photographers, the process goes even further. They may take the exposed film into a dark
room or subject the digital images.to
their photo editing software and there manipulate the images with a myriad photo
enhancement techniques and tools currently available.
Whether left untouched from the instant the image was captured or was digitally or manually
altered, the resulting photographs can be startlingly impactful. It becomes clear how the
photographer has captured the elements of form, color, light and shadow, texture, and
composition to create a true work of art.
Photography as Communication
-Being a modern art form means that photography is now being viewed as more than just about
the beautiful. It is also considered one of the most powerful means of communication

Next to the printed word, the photographic image is today's most important means of
conveying information and ideas, expressing emotions, even championing causes.
This power comes from two distinctive characteristics of photography: immediacy and detail.
An image recorded by a camera has a sense of authenticity. Because the lens captures the
image objectively, the resulting photograph is regarded as 'true to life' and 'of the moment. At
the same time, the camera takes in every detail of an image. Thus the photograph has a sense
of completeness.
For these reasons, photographs are vital tools in communication fields such as journalism,
advertising, education, and even in courts of law. They have also been used to eloquently speak
out against social and political issues.
Noteworthy Philippine Photographers
The Philippines has joined the rest of the world in applying the wonders of modern
photography to every aspect of life from personal to professional to national to global. And
with our country's natural beauty, a number of local photographers have taken on the
Philippines and our people as a major focus of their lenses.
Among these are:
George Tapan
John K. Chùa
Manny Librodo
Members of the Federation of Philippine Photographers Foundation (FPPF)
George Tapan
-George Tapan is an award-winning travel photographer who has won two Pacific Asia Tourism
Association (PATA) Gold awards, an ASEAN Tourism Association award, and first place in the
2011 National Geographic Photo Contest. His highly acclaimed work has been published in five
travel photography books.
Into the Green Zone
Tapan's first place-winning image in the 2011 National Geographic Photo Contest.
John K. Chua
-John K. Chua is best known as an advertising and commercial photographer, with over 40 years
of experience in this field and numerous local and international awards for his work. At the
same time, he has applied his photo artistry to showcasing the beauty of the
Philippines.
Film
-Another art form which has risen to tremendous heights within the last century is film or
cinema. As its early name "motion pictures" declared, film brought yet another dimension into
play that of moving images. The possibilities of this medium created a new art form that was to
become a powerful social and economic force, and a legacy of the 20th century to the world.
Film directing - It is the director, like the painter and sculptor in traditional art, who envisions
the final effect of the film on its viewers, visually, mentally, and emotionally. While the painter
and sculptor work with physical materials, the film piece of art. He or she conceptualizes the
scenes, directs the acting, supervises the director works with ideas, images, sounds, and other
effects to create this unique cinematography and finally the editing and sound dubbing in much
the same way as a visual artist composes an artwork. Clearly, however, the director does not do
all these alone. Through the years, the complexity of filmmaking gave rise to numerous allied
arts that did not previously exist.
Acting - First and foremost, there was the art of acting for film. With live theater as the only
form of acting at that time, film actors had to learn to express themselves without the
exaggerated facial expressions and gestures used on stage. With the addition of sound in the
1930s, they then had to learn to deliver their lines naturally.
and believably.
Cinematography - Behind the scenes, there was cinematography or the art of film camera work.
This captured the director's vision of each scene through camera placement and movement,
lighting, and other special techniques.
Editing - This was joined by film editing, the art of selecting the precise sections of film, then
sequencing and joining them to achieve the director's desired visual and emotional effect.
Sound editing was also developed, as films began to include more ambitious effects beyond the
dialogue and background music.
Production/Set design - Underlying all these was the art of production and set design. This
recreated in physical terms-through location, scenery, sets, lighting, costumes, and props-the
mental image that the director had of how each scene should look, what period it should
depict, and what atmosphere it should convey. This included creating worlds that did not exist
as well as worlds that were long gone, designing each production component down to the very
last detail.
Again, all these allied arts were made possible through the advances of modern technology.
From cumbersome machines that could barely be moved, today's highly sophisticated cameras
and accessories can handle even the most demanding camera work. From the era of silent
films, today's films incorporate a vast range of voice, music, and sound effects to suit an ever-
widening array of film genres. From manual rendering, today's animated films use the awesome
capabilities of computers to amaze moviegoers of all ages.

Animation
-In recent decades, a whole new career opportunity has emerged for creative been
in the creation of some of the best-loved-and technically challenging-animated feature films
produced in the last few years. Among these are Toy Story, Up. The Incredibles, Monsters
University, Cars, Finding Nemo, Planes, Brave, Shrek, Kung Fu Panda, and more. Such
recognition of Philippine talent abroad has spurred the development of the local animation
industry as well.
Animation Council of the Philippines Inc.
-The Animation Council of the Philippines Inc. (ACPI) is a nonstock, nonprofit organization that
aims to create an identity for the Philippines within the animation industry, making it one of the
preferred sources for animation services worldwide. The organization works hand in hand with
participating colleges and universities, the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA) and other government agencies, and local government units to develop
animation as a promising career option for Filipinos. In 2013, TESDA and ACPI began offering 2D
and 3D Animation Scholarships to interested high school graduates,between the ages of 18&45.
The showpiece of the ACPI is Animahensayon, an annual festival and competition featuring the
works of Filipino animators. Apart from this major project, the ACPI grants the annual
"Outstanding Emerging Artist in Animation Award" for outstanding young and fast-rising
cartoonists and animators in the country. It also confers the Animahenasyon's "Lifetime
Achieve- ment Award" on notable animators and other contributors to the Philippine animation
industry.
Philippine Animation Studio Inc.
-The Philippine Animation Studio Inc. (PASI) was established in 1991 and has since collaborated
on numerous animation projects and series with foreign partners. Among these have been
Captain Flamingo, Producing Parker, Groove High, and Space Heroes Universe. For this last
cartoon, PASI was tapped by a children's entertainment company based in Sydney, Australia
and went on to win the Best Animation Category in the 2012 Pixel Awards.
Among the other exciting milestones in the fast-emerging Philippine animation industry was the
creation in 2008 of Urduja, an animated film adaptation of the legend of the warrior princess of
Pangasinan. Produced by APT Entertainment, Seventoon, and Imaginary Friends,, Urduja is
recognized as the first fully animated Filipino film, created by an all-Filipino group of animators
using the traditional (hand-drawn) animation process with some 3D effects. The characters
were voiced by an all-star cast of actors from Philippine cinema and television, with the
screenplay written in Filipino.
Also released in 2008 was Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia, said to be the country's first all-
digital full-length animated feature film. Produced by Cutting Edge Productions, the film
presents Philippine mythical creatures as heartwarming characters in a young boy's adventure.
The production involved over 500 local animators and featured a "tra-digital animation"
technique. Its characters were rendered in 2D animation, while the backdrops were
created using 3D animation. Dayo was also the first- ever animated movie to be screened
during the Metro Manila Film Festival, as it was entered in the 34th MMFF in December 2008.
Another breakthrough was the first Filipino full 3D- animated film, RPG Metanoia, co-produced
by Ambient Media, Thaumatrope Animation, and Star Cinema in 2010.
Print Media
-Alongside the digital media forms discussed above, there remains the more conventional form
known as print media. Included here are large-scale publications such as newspapers,
magazines, journals, books of all kinds, as well as smaller-scale posters, brochures, flyers,
menus, and the like. Of course, all of these now have their digital counterparts that may be
accessed and read on the Internet. However, there continues to be a demand and a purpose for
the actual printed forms of these materials. And whether printed on paper or viewed on the
web, these materials once again involve and showcase Filipino artistry.

Advertising
-One major field that still relies heavily on print media is advertising. Despite the soaring
popularity and seemingly limitless possibilities of online advertising and social media, Philippine
artists are still called upon to create advertisements that will be physically printed. These
appear in newspapers, maga- zines, posters, brochures, and flyers each with their specific
target readerships and markets, and highly specialized approaches for reaching these target
groups.

Comic Books
-A comic popularity of another field of print media that highlights the artistic gifts of Filipinos is
that of Philippine comics began in the 1920s when Liwayway magazine started featuring comic
strips, such as Mga Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy (The Misadventures of Kenkoy) created by Tony
Velasquez. Velasquez went on to be recognized as the "Father of Filipino Comics."

PE
Street dance refers to dance styles that have evolved outside of dance studios. It is performed
in streets, dance parties, parks, school yards, or in any available space. It is often
improvisational and social in nature, encouraging interaction and contact with spectators and
other dancers.
A full street dance is a collection of various similar dance moves and styles put together into
one practice and regarded as the same dance.
Hip-hop is a cultural movement best known for its impact on music in the form of the musical
genre of the same name. It has its origins in the Bronx, in New York City, during the 1970s,
mostly among African Americans and some influence of Latin Americans. Hip-hop culture is
composed of the pillars such as DJ-ing, rapping, breakdancing, and graffiti art.
Hip-hop dance, on the other hand, refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop
music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. Hip-hop music incorporates a number of
iconic elements, most notably DJing and rapping, along with things like beat boxing, sampling,
and juggling beats on turntables.
STREET AND HIP-HOP DANCE STYLES
B-Boying
B-boying or breaking, also called breakdancing, is a style of street dance and the first hip-hop
dance style that originated among Black and Puerto Rican youths in New York City during the
early 1970s. A practitioner of this dance is called a 5-hoy b-girl, or breaker. Although the term
breakdance is frequently used to refer to the dance, b-boying and breaking are the original
terms.
Four Movements:
Toprock- footwork-oriented steps performed while standing up
Downrock- footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor
Freezes- stylish poses done on your hands
Power moves- comprise full-body spins and rotations that give the illusion of defying gravity
Popping
Popping was popularized by Samuel "Boogaloo Sam" Solomon and his crew the Electric
Boogaloos. It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a
jerk in a dancer's body.
Popping forces parts of your body outwards, similar to an explosion within parts of your body.
Popping also contracts muscles, but it is followed by relaxation that gives it the jerking
appearance of popping.
Locking
Locking or campbellocking, was created by Don "Campbellock" Campbell in 1969 in Los Angeles,
California. It was popularized by his crew, The Lockers. Locking can be identified by its
distinctive stops. It is usually performed by stopping the fast movement that you are doing,
locking your body into a position, holding it, and then continuing at the same speed as before.
In locking, dancers hold their positions longer. The lock is the primary move used in locking. It is
similar to a freeze or a sudden pause. A locker's dancing is characterized by frequently locking
in place and after a brief freeze moving again.
Krumping
Krumping is a form of dancing that originated in the African-American community of South
Central Los Angeles, California and is a relatively new form of the "Urban" Black dance
movement. It is free, expressive and highly energetic Most people paint their faces in different
designs. Krumping is a dance style to release anger. that gang riots in the United States
decreased because of krumping style.
Tutting
It is a creative way of making geometric shapes forming right angle using your body parts. The
style was originally practiced by young funk dancers. It is derived from the positions people
were drawn in during the days of the Ancient Egyptians. It is the positions seen in these
portraits that have been adopted by dancers today. Tutting is still a greatly respected move and
King Tut aka Mark Benson is widely acclaimed for
pioneering the style.
Shuffling
The Melbourne Shuffle (also known as Rocking or simply The Shuffle) is a rave and club dance
that originated in the late 1980s in the underground rave music scene in Melbourne, Australia.
The basic movements of the dance are a fast heel-and- toe action with a style suitable for
various types of electronic music. Some variants incorporate arm movements. People who
dance the shuffle are often referred to as rockers, due in part to the popularity of shuffling to
rock music in the early 1990s.
Waacking
Waacking" is an African American form of street dance originating from the 1970's disco era of
the underground club scenes in Los Angeles and New York City. Waacking consists of stylized
posing and fast synchronized arm movements to the beat of the music. Today, waacking is a
popular element of hip hop dance.
HEALTH
Global Health and the Development Goals
The term "global health" rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization. Both terms
improved public awareness of vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities among people for the
different injustices in the world.
Ilona Kickbush (2006), director of the Global Health Program at the Graduate Institute of
International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland states that global health
pertains to various health issues, concerns, and trends which go beyond national boundaries
and call for global initiatives for the protection and promotion of peoples' health across the
world.
Koplan and Associates (2009) states that global health is an area for study, research and
practice that prioritizes health improvement and achieving impartiality in healthcare and
wellness worldwide. Beaglehole and Bonita (2010) gave a short but meaningful definition of
global health: cooperative research and action of international communities to promote health
for all.

A.
The 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Millennium Development
-Goals were The United Nations created through the United Nations Millennium Declaration
agreed and signed upon back in September 2000. This Millennium Development Goals are eight
targets that all 191 UN Member States agreed to achieve in 2015 and hold all governments to
account for their development efforts. However, this global approach fell short to create
indivisible and balance transformations to all countries in the world.

The following are the eight (8) MDGs

1 .Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve Maternal Health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, MALARIA and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Global partnership for development

B. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

-In September 2015, a global plan known as the 2030 Agenda was adopted to effect
developments for future generations to enjoy.

Based on the 2030 Agenda, there are five dimensions known as 5P's that need to be uniformly
aimed people, planet,prosperity peace and partnership. The Sustainable Development (SDGs) is
part of the 2030 agenda agreed by all 193 UN Member States as replacement for the
Millennium Development Goals (MDG's). It is a new universal approach for all UN member
states building on the goals targets and indicators with a deadline for attainment by 2030.It
seeks to realize that all countries will resolve to create a sustainable development in
aspects of economic, social and environmental.

E. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization is a global strategy which aims to strengthen
children's immunization programs and introduce new generation of licensed vaccines into use
in developing countries across the globe. These new vaccines which could help reduce the
number of deaths in children aged 5 years old and below includes:
-Hepatitis B vaccine
-Childhood meningitis vaccine
-Yellow fever vaccine
-Influenza vaccine
-Vaccine for pneumonia

F. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria.

-The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria is a funding project rather than an initiative.
Nevertheless it helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of the negative impacts of the
three diseases to humanity which contributes to the fulfillment of the Millennium Development
Goals.
Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and
Alcohol Use
-WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
-The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is the prime international
treaty negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came into existence in reaction to the global
epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. It reaffirms the right of every individual across the world to
the highest standard of health promoting public health and providing new legal means for
global health cooperation.