PROCEDURE FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis involves description or explanation of the data collected. The analysis could be express in frequencies, percentages,
means, standard deviation, etc. Note that the description of the instruments for analyses and methods of its application
(calculations involved in analysis) is not required here. Only summaries of such analyses in the form of tables and figures are
presented.
It is usually advisable to present the results according to the research questions or hypotheses to which they relate. Thus, the
procedure for data analysis is:
 first state research question/hypothesis as it was stated in chapter one of your study,
 briefly describe the procedure employed in collecting data for the stated research question,
 refer the reader to the table that shows the result of data analysis in respect of question one
 present the table (s) showing frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, etc
 interpret the data or results displayed in the table
 The same process should be followed for other research questions and /or hypothesis
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
This section entails explanation of the findings and relating it to the findings of previous works as contained in the literature
reviewed (empirical studies). In discussing the results, probable reasons for the results, significance of the results and how the
results are related to or different from other research findings and/or theory should be stated.
SUMMARY
This section contains a short and concise account of what the researcher have done from chapter one to five. The important
aspects of the study are briefly highlighted.
CONCLUSION
This involves highlights of the major findings of the research and the inferences/judgment made from the findings.
RECOMMENDATIONS
These are suggested actions that could serve as solutions to the problems. Recommendations must be based on the findings of the
study. It is require that the researcher should state how recommendations should be implemented.
PRELIMINARIES
Dedication
In this subsection the researchers dedicate their research work to any person (s) or corporate bodies.
Acknowledgement
In this subsection the researcher in their own words express gratitude and indebtedness to individuals, institutions or corporate
organizations that provided assistance during their research work and preparation of research project.
Table of content
This subsection contains the list of all component parts of the research project and the respective pages on which they begin. The
table of content enables the readers to locate without difficulty any topic of interest to them in the research report. It also gives the
reader an overview of all the topics covered by the research report.
List of tables
This subsection which follows after the table of content contains a complete list of tables in the order in which they appear in the
project report. The serial number, title and page on which a table appears should be given in that order.
List of figures
This subsection which follows after the list of tables contains a complete list of figures (graphs, diagrams, maps etc) in the order in
which they appear in the project report. The serial number, title and page on which a figure appears should be given in that order.
Abstract
Research reports are preceded by brief abstract that summarizes the entire content of the report in about two hundred and fifty
words. The abstract should contain the purpose of the study, precise description of the research design, the sample size and the
procedure followed in selecting the sample, the instruments used for data collection, its validity and reliability. The abstract must
also contain the findings of the study, conclusion arrived at and the recommendations made. The abstract helps the reader to
comprehend the content of the research project quickly. It should be typed in single line spacing.
Abbreviation
In this section of a research project the nomenclature of the symbols and technical jargon (terminology) used in the text of the
work must be explained as a prelude to the main text. This facilitates understanding by the reader.

SUPPLEMENTARY
References
This subsection contains the list of sources which were made use of in preparing the study. That is references are a list of all
sources that were cited in the research project.
Appendices
This subsection consists of all materials that are related to the report and which may be referred to for greater details but which are
not suitable for inclusion in the main body of the report. In other words it contains materials generated and utilized in the process
of conducting the research but are too bulky to be in the main body of the research report. Such materials include the letter of
introduction, instruments used for data collection, raw data, calculations, correspondence related to the study etc. The numbering
should be in letters such as: Appendix A, B, C, D, E, etc