CSEN2021P

CN Lab

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Network Interface Card

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Types of NIC

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Twisted-Pair Cable & RJ45 Connector

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Network Utilities

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 Network Utilities
• Network Utilities provides a variety tools that can be
used related to computer network information
gathering and analysis.
• Network Utility shows information about each of your
network connections, including the Mac Address of
the interface, the IP addresses assigned to it, its
speed and status, a count of data packets sent
and received, and a count of transmission errors and
collisions.

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 Network Utilities
Examples of what the Network Utility can help with:
• Check your network connection
• View network routing tables and statistics
• Test whether you can contact another computer
• Test your DNS server
• Trace the paths of your network traffic
• Check for open TCP ports

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 Ipconfig
• Ipconfig (sometimes written as IPCONFIG) is a command
line tool used to control the network connections on
Windows NT/2000/XP machines.
• Ipconfig displays all current TCP/IP network configuration
values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings.
• Displays current info of your network
• IP address of system
• Ip add of router

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 Ipconfig
The syntax for using ipconfig is:
>ipconfig /parameter_name.
For example, "ipconfig /all" displays the entire TCP/IP
configuration of all available network adapters.

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ipconfig

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ipconfig/all

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 ping
• Ping is a basic Internet program that allows a user to verify
that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests.
• Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer, the
user is trying to reach is actually operating. Ping works by
sending an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo
Request to a specified interface on the network and waiting
for a reply. Ping can be used for troubleshooting to test
connectivity and determine response time.
• Allow you to send a signal to another device, if a device is
active it will send you reply back.
• It’s a subset of ICMP.
• Echo request
• Echo response
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 ping
• As a verb, ping means "to get the attention of" or "to check
for the presence of" another party online. The computer
acronym (for Packet Internet or Inter- Network Groper).
• Tip: To find out the dot address (such as 205.245.172.72) for
a given domain name, Windows users can go to their
command prompt screen (start/run/cmd) and enter ping
www.google.com.

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Ping – google

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Ping – options

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Ping – with ip address – when active

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Ping – with ip address – when device is not active

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 Tracert/ Traceroute
• Trace the route to HOST
• Tracert is a Windows based command-line tool that you can
use to trace the path that an Internet Protocol (IP) packet
takes to its destination from a source.
• Tracert will determine the path taken to a destination. It does
this by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Echo Request messages to the destination.
• When sending traffic to the destination, it will incrementally
increase the Time to Live (TTL) field values to aid in finding
the path taken to that destination address. The path is
outlined from this process.

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Tracert

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Tracert - google

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 nslookup
• Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given
HOST optionally using a specified DNS server.
• nslookup is the name of a program that lets an Internet
server administrator or any computer user enter a host
name (for example, "whatis.com") and find out the
corresponding IP address. It will also do reverse name
lookup and find the host name for an IP address you
specify.

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 nslookup
• nslookup sends a domain name query packet to a designated
(or defaulted) domain name system (DNS) server. Depending
on the system you are using, the default may be the local DNS
name server at your service provider, some intermediate
name server, or the root server system for the entire domain
name system hierarchy.
• Using the Linux and possibly other versions of nslookup, you
can locate other information associated with the host name
or IP address, such as associated mail services. nslookup is
included with some UNIX-based operating systems and in
later Windows systems. In Windows XP, the command can be
entered on the "Command prompt" screen.

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nslookup

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 arp
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an
Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine
address that is recognized in the local network.
• For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use
today, an address is 32 bits long.
• In an Ethernet local area network, however, addresses for
attached devices are 48 bits long. (The physical machine address is
also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address.)

• A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain

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arp

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 netstat
• Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics,
masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.
• netstat is a common command line TCP/IP networking utility
available in most versions of Windows, Linux, UNIX and other
operating systems.
• netstat provides information and statistics about protocols
in use and current TCP/IP network connections. (The name
derives from the words network and statistics.)

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netstat

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