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public speaking

The document outlines key aspects of public speaking, presentation skills, informal communication, comprehension, sound production, and functional English. It emphasizes the importance of effective communication for professional growth, academic development, and social influence, while providing techniques and strategies for improvement. Additionally, it highlights the opportunities that proficiency in functional English can offer in global careers and higher education.

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maheenraja778
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11 views4 pages

public speaking

The document outlines key aspects of public speaking, presentation skills, informal communication, comprehension, sound production, and functional English. It emphasizes the importance of effective communication for professional growth, academic development, and social influence, while providing techniques and strategies for improvement. Additionally, it highlights the opportunities that proficiency in functional English can offer in global careers and higher education.

Uploaded by

maheenraja778
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Public Speaking

Definition:
The process of addressing an audience to inform, persuade, entertain, or inspire. It involves
crafting a compelling message and delivering it effectively.

Importance of Public Speaking:


Professional Growth:
Enhances leadership and persuasion skills.
Academic Development:
Improves articulation and critical thinking.
Social Influence:
Builds personal confidence and helps in networking.
Types of Public Speaking:

1. Informative Speech:
Shares knowledge or explains a concept (e.g., lectures).

2. Persuasive Speech:
Convince the audience to adopt a viewpoint (e.g., debates).

3. Entertaining Speech:
Designed to amuse or engage (e.g., after-dinner speeches).

4. Inspirational Speech: Motivates or uplifts (e.g., TED Talks).

Techniques for Effective Public Speaking:

1. Preparation:
Research your topic thoroughly.
Understand your audience's needs.

2. Structure:

Introduction: Capture attention with a hook (e.g., a story, question, or fact).


Body: Present 2-3 main points with evidence or examples.
Conclusion: Reinforce your key message and end with a call to action.

3. Delivery:

Maintain eye contact with the audience.


Use hand gestures for emphasis.
Practice proper voice modulation (avoid monotony).

4. Overcoming Stage Fright:

Practice in front of a mirror or record yourself.


Focus on deep breathing exercises.
Visualize a successful outcome.

2. Presentation Skills

Definition: The ability to effectively deliver content using verbal and non-verbal
communication, supported by visual aids, to engage the audience.

Steps to Develop Presentation Skills:

1. Planning:
Know your audience's demographics, interests, and expectations.
Set clear objectives (What should the audience learn or do?).

2. Content Creation:

Start with a powerful opening (quote, question, or anecdote).


Use logical transitions between points.
End with a strong summary or takeaway.

3. Visual Design:

Use simple, clean slides (limit text to key points).


Use charts, graphs, or images to explain complex ideas.
Choose readable fonts and contrasting colors.

4. Practice:

Rehearse multiple times to build confidence.


Record yourself to identify areas of improvement.
Practice with a timer to stay within time limits.

Key Strategies for a Successful Presentation:

Use storytelling to make concepts relatable.


Incorporate humor or personal anecdotes where appropriate.
Handle questions professionally by pausing and answering clearly.

3. Informal Communication

Definition:
Casual, unstructured communication between individuals, often spontaneous and not bound
by organizational rules.

Types of Informal Communication:

1. Face-to-Face: Conversations during breaks or social gatherings.

2. Digital: Chats via social media or instant messaging apps.


3. Grapevine Communication: Word-of-mouth or gossip within groups.

Advantages:

Encourages teamwork and collaboration.


Facilitates quick decision-making.
Builds stronger personal relationships.

Disadvantages:

Can lead to misinformation or rumors.


Difficult to trace accountability.

Examples in Everyday Life:

A casual chat between colleagues about a weekend trip.


Sharing updates informally in a WhatsApp group.

4. Understanding Comprehension

Definition: The ability to process written text, derive meaning, and integrate it with prior
knowledge.
Types of Comprehension:

1. Literal Comprehension: Understanding the explicit meaning of the text.


2. Inferential Comprehension: Drawing conclusions based on context and prior knowledge.
3. Critical Comprehension: Analyzing and evaluating the text for deeper meaning.

Techniques to Enhance Comprehension Skills:

1. Preview the text for headings, subheadings, and keywords.


2. Annotate by underlining key points and writing summaries in margins.
3. Practice paraphrasing passages to ensure understanding.
Sample Passage Practice:

Passage:
"Climate change is a pressing issue that affects ecosystems and economies worldwide.
Rising sea levels and extreme weather events are its evident consequences."

Questions:
1. What is the central issue discussed?
2. What are two effects of climate change mentioned in the passage?
3. Suggest one way to address climate change.

5. Sound Production and Pronunciation

Phonetics: The study of speech sounds.


Articulators: Tongue, lips, teeth, palate, and vocal cords.

Categories of Speech Sounds:

1. Vowels: Open vocal tract (e.g., /a/, /e/).

2. Consonants: Partial or complete closure of the vocal tract (e.g., /p/, /t/).

3. Diphthongs: Combination of two vowel sounds (e.g., /ai/ in “time”).

Common Pronunciation Problems:

1. Mispronouncing silent letters (e.g., “knife”).

2. Stressing the wrong syllable (e.g., “present” vs. “present”).

Practice Tips:
Use apps like Forvo or YouTube for pronunciation practice.
Record and compare your speech with native speakers.
Repeat tongue twisters to improve articulation (e.g., “She sells seashells by the seashore”).

6. Components of Functional English & Opportunities

Grammar: Proper sentence structures, verb tenses, and syntax.

Reading: Critical reading skills for academic and professional contexts.

Writing: Crafting emails, reports, and essays effectively.

Speaking & Listening: Engaging in real-life dialogues and understanding diverse accents.

Opportunities with Functional English:


Global Career Options: English is the language of international business.
Higher Education: Access to English-medium institutions and scholarships.
Personal Growth: Improved social skills and confidence in diverse settings.

Practical Exercises:

1. Conduct mock interviews or role plays.


2. Assign daily writing tasks (e.g., journaling or business letters).
3. Encourage group discussions on real-world topics.

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