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7_Design of jump type Stilling basins

The document discusses the hydraulic design of jump-type stilling basins, which are used to dissipate excess energy from supercritical flow to subcritical flow in water channels. It outlines the parameters, classification, and design considerations for hydraulic jumps, including energy loss and pressure distribution. Additionally, it details the design procedures for various types of stilling basins, emphasizing their role in energy dissipation downstream of hydraulic structures.

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Tripti Choudhary
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6 views

7_Design of jump type Stilling basins

The document discusses the hydraulic design of jump-type stilling basins, which are used to dissipate excess energy from supercritical flow to subcritical flow in water channels. It outlines the parameters, classification, and design considerations for hydraulic jumps, including energy loss and pressure distribution. Additionally, it details the design procedures for various types of stilling basins, emphasizing their role in energy dissipation downstream of hydraulic structures.

Uploaded by

Tripti Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDRAULIC

DESIGN OF
JUMP TYPE
STILLING
BASINS
1. INTRODUCTION
A hydraulic jump is formed in a channel whenever supercritical flow
changes to subcritical flow. At the jump location, there is a sharp
discontinuity in the water surface and considerable amount of energy is
dissipated due to turbulence.
Uses of hydraulic jump

(a) to dissipate the excess energy of flowing water

(b) efficient operation of flow-measurement flumes,

(c) mixing of chemicals,

(d) to aid intense mixing and gas transfer in chemical processes,

(e) in the desalination of sea water, and

(f) in the aeration of streams which are polluted by bio-degradable wastes.


2. PARAMETRS OF HYDRAULIC JUMP
(IN A HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR CHANNEL)

2.1 Sequent depths

y2 1
(
= − 1 + 1 + 8F12
y1 2
) F 1 = V1 / gy1
2.2 Energy loss ( y2 − y1 ) 3
EL =
4 y1 y2

EL
=
(
− 3 + 1 + 8F 1
2
)
3

E1 8(2 + F12 )(−1 + 1 + 8F12 )


.
2.3 Classification of hydraulic jump
The surface roller makes
its appearance .
The water surface is
undulating with a very
small ripple on the
surface.

This category of jump is


characterized by an
instability of the high-
velocity flow in the jump
which oscillates in a
random manner
between the bed and
the surface.
In this range of Froude
numbers, the jump is well-
established; the roller and jump
action is fully developed to
cause appreciable energy loss.
The relative energy loss
ranges from 45 per cent to 70%
in this class of jump.

In this class of jump, the


water surface is very rough
and choppy. The water
surface downstream of the
jump is also rough and
wavy
2.4 Length of the jump and roller

Length of the Jump and roller

Lrj F 
= 160 tanh 1  + 12
y1  20 
2.5 Pressure Distribution

The pressures at the toe of the jump and at the end of the jump follow
hydrostatic pressure distribution. However, inside the body of the jump, the
strong curvatures of the streamlines cause the pressures to deviate from the
hydrostatic distribution.

2.6 Water-Surface Profile

Knowledge of the surface profile of the jump is useful in the efficient design of
side walls and the floor of a stilling basin. It can be obtained from

Y = tanh(1.5 X )

In which X=x/Lr; Y=(y-y1)/(y2-y1);

y = depth of flow at distance x from start of the jump and Lr = length of


the roller.
3. LOCATION OF HYDRAULIC JUMP

Free jump
Repelled jump

Drown jump
The location of a jump may be controlled
by providing a number of appurtenances,
such as baffle blocks, sill, drop or rise in
the channel bottom.
4. HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF JUMP TYPE BASINS

▪ The high energy loss that occurs in a hydraulic jump has led to its adoption as a part of
the energy-dissipator system downstream a hydraulic structure.

▪ The downstream portion of the hydraulic structure where the energy dissipation is
deliberately allowed to occur so that the outgoing stream can safely be conducted to the
channel below is known as a stilling basin. It is a fully paved channel section and may
have additional appurtenances, such as baffle blocks and sills.

▪ Stilling basins are so designed that not only a good jump with high energy-dissipation
characteristics is formed within the basin but it is also stable. For economic
considerations the basin must be as small as practicable.

▪ Generalized stilling basins have been developed by many agencies as an aid to


preliminary designs. The designs of USBR are by far the most extensively used ones.
Three stilling basin designs called respectively as USBR Basin Type II, III and IV are
recommended for energy dissipation below spillways and at outlets of canal structures.
Stilling Basin-IV

For F1 = 2.5 - 4.5 and suitable for canal and diversion structures. Basins that
accommodate the flows are least effective in providing satisfactory dissipation
because the attendant wave action ordinarily cannot be controlled by the usual
basin devices. Wave generated by the flow will persist beyond the end sill. To
control the sweeping of jump, tail-water should be 1.1 times the conjugate
depth.
Stilling Basin-III

For F1 > 4.5 and V 1 < 15-18 m/s and suitable for small spillway, outlet works,
small canal structures. Height of baffle blocks and end sill can by computed by

h3 = y1 1.3 + 0.164(F1 − 4.0)


h4 = y1 1.25 + 0.056(F1 − 4.0)
Stilling Basin-II

For F1 > 4.5 and V1 > 18 m/s and suitable for high spillway, large canal structures.

To control the sweeping of jump, tail-water should be 1.05 times the conjugate depth.
Length of basins

F1
Design Procedure

1. Calculate total energy upstream of spillway (TE1)


2. Calculate total energy downstream (TE2) of spillway.
3. Compute energy loss HL = TE1-TE2
4. For known value of q and HL, estimate Ef2 from Blench curve.
5. Compute y2 from specific energy Ef2.
6. Draw a line at depth Ef2 below TE2, and locate the point where this line
intersects the sloping apron. Locate the horizontal apron at or below this
elevation, the hydraulic jump is likely to form at or above the toe of the
sloping apron.
7. Ef1=Ef2+HL, compute y1, V1 and F1 corresponds to Ef1
8. Adopt suitable type of basin corresponding to V1 and F1
9. Fix the dimension of the basin. Bed level of basin=TE2-*Ef2
=1.1 for basin-IV; 1.0 for basin-III and 1.05 for basin -II
HL

Ef2
BLENCH CURVE
References

1. Flow through open channels - Ranga Raju, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi, 2003

2. Open channel Hyraulics - Chow V.T., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1959

3. Peterka, A.J. (1984). Hydraulic design of stilling basins and energy dissipators. USBR
Engineering Monographs No. 25.

4. Design of Small Dams-Third Edition, 1987 A Water Resources Technical Publication -


US Bureau of Reclamation.

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