MINISTERIO

DE EDUCACIÓN
 Lengua
LenguaCastellana
Extrajera

COMUNIDAD Y SOCIEDAD
Lengua Extranjera

TYPES OF WRITTEN TEXTS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

1. Talking about plans after school. (Hablamos de los planes para después de la clase)
Let’s look at the pictures and
describe in our notebook
what is he doing? (Miremos
las imágenes y describamos
en nuestro cuaderno ¿qué
está haciendo?)

Let´s answer the following questions in our notebook. (Respondamos las siguientes preguntas en nuestro cuaderno)

- What do you do after school? - Do you study any career or work?

- What subject do you like? - Do you prefer study or work?

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1.1.The Simple Present, Past and Future (Review). El presente simple, pasado y futuro (repaso).
Actions to be done in Future.
Present is used to express To show when an action will
Past is used to express actions done in the past.
daily activities, routines take place in the future.
Used to show the duration of the past action.
and scientific events. To show the duration of the
future action.
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST FUTURE (WILL)
Regular Verbs Irregular verbs
Affirmative
Affirmative Affirmative Affirmative
I will travel.
I work. I worked. I went to the park.
You will study.
You study. You studied. You bought a card.
He will work on vacation.
He travels. He traveled. He had a pet.
Negative Negative Negative Negative
I don’t work. I didn’t work. I didn’t go to the park. I won’t travel.
You don’t study. You didn’t study. You didn’t buy a card. You won’t study.
He doesn’t travel. He didn’t travel. He didn’t have a pet. He won’t work on vacation.
Interrogative Interrogative
Interrogative
Do you work?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Did you work?
Did you go to the park?
Yes, he did. / No, he
Interrogative
Will you travel?
213
Yes,I did. / No,I didn’t.
Does he travel? didn’t. Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
Did he travel?
Yes, he does. / No, he Did he have a pet? Will he work on vacation?
Yes, he did. /No, he didn’t.
doesn’t. Yes, he did. /No, he Yes,he will. / No, he won’t.
didn’t.
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

1.2. Sequence connectors. (Conectores de secuencia).

Let’s analyze “The connectors” of the table to understand their functions. (Analicemos “Los conectores” de la tabla para
comprender sus funciones.)

CONNECTORS EXAMPLES CONNECTORS EXAMPLES

First of all First of all, I’d like to sleep a lot. In conclusion In conclusion, nobady is perfect.

First, I brush my teeth, then I go to

Then At last At last, she passed the math test.
the park.

Next, leave it for 5-10 minutes, She studied hard, and in the end, she
Next In the end
depending on the tea. passed the test.

My son may not be brilliant, but all in all, as

Later They’ll call you later today. All in all
far as I know, he did quite well in his tests.

Swimming might take her five weeks Pablo writes short stories, in addition, he
Eventually In addition
but she will do it eventually. writes articles for a book.

Let’s look at and learn about the essay´s structure. (Observamos y aprendamos sobre la estructura del ensayo)

What is an essay? An essay is a piece of writting that usually has five or more paragraphs. An
essay is written about one topic that has several main points. The main points are introduced in an
introductory paragraph and supported in body paragraphs. The conclusion is the last paragraph.

GENERAL ESSAY STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE COMMENT
Introduction It tells what your topic and main ideas are.
- State your points/arguments.
Topic 1
- Explore both sides of debate (in a better answer).
- State your points/arguments.
Topic 2
- Explore both sides of debate (in a better answer).
- State your points/arguments.
Topic 3
- Explore both sides of debate (in a better answer).
It gives the same information that the introductory paragraph gives, but it is
Conclusion
written from a dijfferent perspective and ideas.

¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

1.3. Writing: argumentative texts. (Escritura: textos argumentativos)

Let’s read the following text to reflect on its content. (Leamos el siguiente texto para reflexionar sobre su contenido.)

LET’S COMPARE UNIVERSITIES AND CAREERS

Some universities offer a lot of careers in different areas, we have the option to choose between public and private
universities. Bolivian universities, military institutions, superior school for teachers and institutes give you the chance to
get a profession in four or five years. After that you may continue studying for higher degrees, of course if you get a higher
degree in your area, you are going to have a better opportunity of job that means maybe a good level of life for you and
your future family. Now the questions would be: what career should I study? How should I choose the best option of
214 universities? Is it a good option to study a technic career? Is it difficult to be a military?

Just let me suggest you my dear student , you should study the career you like, that’s why you should think about your
favorite subjects at school, talk and get information with your relatives or profesional people about the option you
are thinking of.
 Primer Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

Before you choose the university, check the real information about them, because they say they are the best, but
sometimes they do not have their documents or licenses in order. So, it is important to verify on line or personally
before registering in one. Anyway, you should study what you like no matter if you study a technic career or if you
want to be a military.

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

Let´s write a paragraph according to these questions, using the connectors.

(Escribamos un párrafo de acuerdo a las siguientes preguntas, utilizando conectores)
- Are the careers offer by the universities in your context?
- Do they respond the productive capacities of your region?
Let’s write an essay in our notebook about “how to choose a career”. (Escribamos un ensayo en nuestro cuaderno sobre
“cómo elegir una carrera)

1.4. Tag questions

Let’s analyze this table of “tag questions” to understand the difference between them. (Analicemos la tabla de "tag
questions" para comprender la diferencia entre ellos).

We use tag questions to confirm information that you already think is true.
It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?
The statement can be affirmative and negative.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
You’re Luis, aren’t you? You’re not Luis, are you?
He speaks Quechua, doesn’t he? He doesn’t speak Quechua, does he?
He’s going to study, isn’t he? He’s not going to study, is he?
You were at the party, weren’t you? You were not at the party, were you?
They went to Beni, didn’t they? They didn’t go to Beni, did they?
It has been a great year, hasn’t it? It has not been a great year, has it?
You can hear me, can’t you? You can’t hear me, can you?

ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

1.1. Reading: Don’t waste water!

Let’s read the following text. (Leamos el siguiente texto.)

Water pollution is increasing throughout the water cycle. Due to population growth, accelerated urbanization
and economic development, the quantity of wastewater being generated and its overall pollution load are
increasing globally.
Industry and agriculture are often big water polluters. Increased usage of chemical fertilizers, pesticides,
and untreated wastewater in irrigation, pollutes groundwater and surface water. Industry in many areas still
discharges waste directly into water courses.
Wastewater management is being seriously neglected. Across the world, safely reused wastewater is grossly
undervalued as a potentially affordable and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable
materials.
Untreated wastewater in cities is a major issue. In poorer urban areas, a large proportion of wastewater is 215
discharged untreated directly into the closest drainage channel or water body. Household effluent, human
waste, toxic chemicals and medical waste are exposed to the air, contaminating the environment in often
densely-populated residential zones.
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

Let’s discuss these questions with our classmate. (Discutamos estas preguntas con nuestro compañero de clase.)
• Do you agree that industry and agriculture are often big water polluters?
• How can we help solve these environmental problems?

Let’s look at the pictures and answer the following questions. (Observemos las imágenes y respondemos las siguientes
preguntas)

-What kind of environmental problems

do you have in your context? 1 2
-What do you do to prevent these
environmental problems?

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1.2. Direct speech – reported speech.

Let’s learn about the function of Direct and Indirect Speech. (Aprendamos sobre las funciones del reporte directo e
indirecto.)

TENSE DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple Present I like ice cream a lot. He said that he liked ice cream a lot.
Present Continuous I am living in Bolivia. He said that he was living in Bolivia.
Past Simple I bought a laptop. He said he bought a laptop.
Past Continuous I was walking a long the Street. He said he had been walking along the Street.
Present Perfect I haven’t seen Marie. He said he hadn’t seen Marie.
Past Perfect I had taken Aymara lessons before. He said he had taken Aymara lessons before.
Will I’ll see you later. He said he would see me later.
Would I would help, but I have to buy fruits. He said he would help, but he has to buy fruits.
Can I can speak perfect Guaraní. He said he could speak perfect Guaraní.
Could I could swim when I was four. He said he could swim when he was four.
Should I should call my mother. He said he should call his mother.
Might I might be late. He said he might be late.

1.3. Verbs: Tell, say, add, point out, remark, whisper, yell, order, and ask.
Let’s learn new verbs. (Aprendamos nuevos verbos.)

Tell (decir contar,narrar) Say (decir) Add = añadir Yell = gritar

216

Point out = indicar,señalar Remark = comentar Whisper = susurrar Order = ordenar,pedir

 Primer Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

Let’s reflect about the following text and write a list of suggestions of how to prevent forest fire in Bolivia. (Reflexionemos
sobre el siguiente texto y escribamos una lista de sugerencias de cómo prevenir los incendios forestales en Bolivia)

Forest fire causes in Bolivia

NASA satellite images show unusual forest fires in the landlocked Andean nation, with meteorologists saying the
blazes are a consequence of extreme drought, delayed rainfall and deforestation for farmland. "It is due to the
burning of plant biomass, what we call in Bolivia ‘chaqueos’,” said Marcos Andrade, director of the Laboratory
for Atmospheric Physics, referring to slash-and-burn practices to clear land for farming. “Satellite images show a
lot of smoke all over Bolivia, especially in the lowlands. But it is not only in Bolivia. There is also deforestation in
Peru and Argentina, so it is a regional phenomenon. "Around the Andean region farmers have been praying for
rains, with a third straight La Niña weather pattern leading to drier conditions that have ravaged crops.
“The delay in rainfall is because circulation patterns are not normalized," said meteorologist Marison Portucal.

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

1.4.Writing: expositive texts or paragraphs:

Let’s write a paragraph about the forest fire in Bolivia and the consequences in our notebook. (Escribamos un parrafo
sobre el incendio forestal en Bolivia y las consecuencias en nuestro cuaderno)

FREE TIME ACTIVITIES

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

1.1. Holiday activities in our community. (Actividades vacacionales en nuestra comunidad.)

Let’s read the paragraph, then answer the following questions in our notebook . (Leamos el párrafo, luego respondamos
las siguientes preguntas en nuestro cuaderno).

In Bolivia there are many activities to do on holidays .Most families use these
dates to spend time with their loved ones. They can visit many places such as
Salar de Uyuni, Copacabana city, Visit the Casa de la Moneda in Potosi, The
Zoo in Santa Cruz,Carnival in Oruro is the most popular festivity and visiting
Cochabamba the capital of gastronomy where you can find all kind of delicious food. Besides, you can enjoy
the beautiful landscapes around Bolivia.

• What places do you recommend to visit in your community?

• What do you do on holidays?
Let’s learn new vocabulary of “holiday activities”. (Aprendamos nuevo vocabulario de “Actividades vaca-
cionales”)

FREE TIME ACTIVITIES

217

Go fishing Listen to music Internet Read books Watch TV

 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

Go swimming Play video games Go shopping Play sports Play an instrument

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1.2. Adjectives: enough and too

Let’s learn about the rules of VERY, TOO and ENOUGH. (Aprendamos sobre las reglas de MUY, DEMASIADO y SUFICIENTE)

We use too when something is not satisfactoty:

- That cell phone is too expensive

- That bag of potatoes is too heavy.
TOO
Makes the meaning of adjectives stronger. But too expresses the idea of “more tan enough.”

- That movie is too long, because it lasts for three hours.

We use enough when something is satisfactory:

ENOUGH
- This laptop is cheap enough. I will take it.

1.3. Non separable Phrasal Verbs

Let’s learn the phrasal verbs, then notice the difference between them. (Aprendamos los phrasal verbs y observemos
las diferencias entre ellos.)
INSEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS
back out of Fail to keep a promise He backed out of the agreement.
come across Find accidentally I came across an old photo while cleaning.
come down with Become ill with a cold She came down with a cold.
face up to Accept that a difficult situation exists He needs to face up to his mistakes.
get around Evade; avoid How can you get around this problem?
get in Enter (a vehicle) Please get in the taxi.
go over Review Let’s go over this again.
hang around Stay in a place without a specific purpose We’re hanging around town too much.
hear about Learn about, sometimes, accidentally She hears about your new house.
keep up with Maintain the pace of She’s fast! I can’t keep up with her.
look after Take care of Will you look after my iguana next week?
look forward to Anticipate something with pleasure He’s looking forward to seeing his girlfriend.

¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

218 Let’s reflect about the questions, then answer the following questions in our notebook. (Reflexionemos sobre las
preguntas y respondamos las siguientes preguntas en nuestro cuaderno.)
• What kind of activities do you do with your family on holidays?
• Do you think it is important to share time with your family?
 Segundo Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

Let’s write an essay about holidays’ activities using vocabulary and grammatical structure in our notebook.
(Escribamos un ensayo sobre las actividades de las vacaciones usando vocabulario y estructura gramatical en
nuestro cuaderno.)

DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS REFLECTING INTERCULTURALITY

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

1. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? (¿Qué harías?)

1.1. We take responsibility for our decisions
Let’s read the following text to reflect, then answer the questions. (Leamos el siguiente texto para reflexionar, luego
respondamos las preguntas.)

If I ruled the world, I would erase the borders! We would live in a world without
countries. If we don’t have any countries, we won’t have any wars. If I had enough
money, I would spend it on education and new technologies. People would live in a
better world if every child could go to the university and learn about other cultures
and traditions. I would finance new scientific projects to take care our health.

• What would you do if you were president of Bolivia?

• What changes would you do in our country?

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1.2. Conditionals: Affirmative and Negative form

Let’s learn the difference between these conditionals. (Aprendamos la diferencia entre estos condicionales).

CONDITIONALS STRUCTURE EXAMPLE

ZERO CONDITIONAL Simple Present + Simple Present If I get sick, I go to the doctor.

Express the present or future results of real conditionals.

FIRST CONDITIONAL Simple Present + will/won’t If it rains, we will cancel the trip.

Express a posible situation in the future.

SECOND CONDITIONAL Simple Past + Would/ Would not If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car.

Express an hypothetical or unlikely situations.

THIRD CONDITIONAL Past Perfect + Would have /has If I had studied, I would have passed the test.

When we imagine a different past that did not happen.

1.3. If, unless 219

Let’s analyze the conditional “If, unless” to understand the difference between them. (Analicemos el condicional “si, a
menos que” para entender la diferencia entre ellos.)
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

WORD FUNCTION EXAMPLE

Unless We use “unless” in place of “if + not” in negative form. Unless they buy a freezer, they’ll have to go shopping every day.

If We use for a scientific or general truth. If I have time, I study English.

1.4. Verb forms: following wish

Let’s study the different functions of the Verb “WISH”. (Estudiemos las distintas funciones del verbo “DESEAR”.)

HOW TO EXPRESS WISHES IN ENGLISH

We use WISH to express that we regret something or we would like something to be different than the way it is.
WISH + Simple Past We want a situation in the present (or future) I wish I ate more vegetables. (but I don’t)
to be different.

WISH + Past Continuous We want to be doing a different activity in the I wish it weren’t raining now. (It is raining
present (or the future). now.)

WISH + Past Perfect We want to be able to change a situation in I wish I hadn’t done it.
the past. (I did it.)

WISH + Would We want something to happen. I wish the lesson would end.

We want someone to start doing something. I wish you would listen to me!

We want someone to stop doing something I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes!
which annoys us.

WISH + to infinitive We can also use “wish” to express “want” in a I wish to make a complaint and would like
formal situation. to see the boss.

1.5. Using “Would” to make wishes about the future

Let’s analyze the rules of the verb “wish”. (Analicemos las reglas del verbo “desear”)
We use “wish” with “would” to say how we would like somebody to behave in the future.

- I wish you would stop yelling.

- I wish this lesson would end, because I want to play soccer.
We can also use this pattern in situations that do not involve people:

- I wish this car would go faster.

1.6. Frequency words: once a day – twice a day – three times a day

FREQUENCY WORDS
We use frequency words to say how often we do something.
Number + Times + a + time period Example:
I eat my breakfast once a day.
Once a day My friend drinks water three times a day.
My brother brushes his teeth three times.
Twice a day
Three times a day

220 ¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

Let’s reflect, what would you do to save our planet? (Reflexionemos: ¿qué haría usted para salvar nuestro planeta?)
Let’s write our reflection in our notebook. (Escribamos nuestra reflexión en nuestro cuaderno).
 Segundo Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

Let’s make a comic according the environmental problems and use the structure grammatical “Conditions” or “Verb
- wish.” (Hagamos un cómic sobre los problemas medioambientales y utilicemos la estructura gramatical “Condiciones”
o “Verbo - deseo”)

HOW ARE THINGS MADE?

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

Let’s read the following conversation. (Leemos la siguiente conversación)

TALK ABOUT WHAT DO YOU DO

(Habla sobre lo que haces.)

Rosa: What do you do?

( ¿A qué te dedicas?)
Jairo: I’m a carpenter. And you?
(Yo soy un carpintero. ¿Y tú?)
Rosa: I’m a mechanic. What do you need to do your job?
(Yo soy una mecánica. Qué necesitas para realizar tu trabajo?)
Jairo: I start my work looking for a good wood.
(Yo empiezo mi trabajo buscando una buena madera.)
Rosa: How beautiful job.
(Que bonito trabajo.)
Jairo: Thank you.

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1. Adjective order (Orden de los adjetivos)

Adjectives have an order of use,
ADJECTIVE ORDER
here are some examples:
- There are 2, bad, small, old, red,
Quantity/
Quality Size Shape Age Color Nationality Material
American, plastic shoes.
Number - Hay dos zapatos, malos,
One Best Small Straight Old Red American American pequeños, viejos, rojos,
Three Good Big Round Young Yellow Bolivian Bolivian Americanos, de plástico.
Twenty Bad Tall Square New Black Japanese Japanese - There is a tall, black dog.
- Hay un perro alto negro.

2. How is plastic made? Step by step (¿Cómo está hecho el plástico? Paso a paso)
Plastic is one of the most widely used materials in the world.
The polymer is used in various applications, ranging from
food packaging to construction. Synthetic plastic is made
from natural gas, which can be found in abundance around
the world.

(El plástico es uno de los materiales más utilizados en el

mundo. El polímero se utiliza en diversas aplicaciones, desde
el envasado de alimentos hasta la construcción. El plástico
221
sintético está hecho de gas natural, que se puede encontrar
en abundancia en todo el mundo.)
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

2.1. Manufactures in our country. (Fábricas en nuestro país)

COPACABANA COFFEE
Esta industria boliviana nace el 8 de abril
de 1957; los fundadores Don José Camacho
y su esposa Doña Martha García, cuando
tenían alrededor de 20 años de edad.

Consume ours,
employ ours!
Consume lo
nuestro, emplea a
los nuestros!

2.2. Expression: It is said that… it is believed that… (Expresión: Se dice que… se cree que… )

It is said that this It is said that this It is believed

year there will year there will be that the year
be a drought. no double Christmas 2023 will be very
(Se dice que este bonus in Bolivia. successful.
año habrá una (Se dice que este (Se cree que el
sequía.) año no habrá doble año 2023 será de
aguinaldo en Bolivia.) mucho éxito.)

2.3. The passive voice (La voz pasiva)

The passive voice is a grammatical structure that is used when you do not want to emphasize who
or what performs the action, but rather who or what receives it.

PASSIVE VOICE IN ENGLISH

TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE

Simple Present I do my homework. My homework is done.

Present Continuous I am doing my homework. My homework is being done.

Simple Past I did my homework. My homework was done.

Past Continuous I was doing my homework. My homework was being done.

Present Perfect I have done my homework. My homework has been done.

Past Perfect I had done my homework My homework had been done.

Let’s talk about the specific careers of the “BTH”. (Hablemos de las carreras específicas del “BTH”.)

THE ACCOUNTING – LA CONTABILIDAD

222 Accounting is the system for recording and managing all financial transactions in your
business, which may include operations, such as, purchases, sales, and payments.
Accountants oversee all costs and revenues.
 Tercer Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

Let’s answer the following questions in our notebook. (Respondamos las siguientes preguntas en nuestro cuaderno.)
1. What is your favorite subject in your school?
2. Is Math an important subject? And why?
3. Do you think English subject is an important subject for your professional life? And why?
4. Do you know the meaning of “BTH”? And what do you think about “BTH”?

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

Let’s read the article and write our opinion in the notebook. (Leamos lectura y escribamos nuestra opinión en el cuaderno.)

THE POLLUTION
Plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes,
reducing ecosystems' ability to adapt to climate change,
directly affecting the livelihoods of millions of people,
their food production capacity and their social well-
being.
La contaminación por plástico puede alterar los hábitats
y los procesos naturales, reduciendo la capacidad de
los ecosistemas para adaptarse al cambio climático,
afectando directamente a los medios de vida de millones
de personas, a su capacidad de producción de alimentos
y a su bienestar social.

SPEECHES WITH (EMERGING) TOPICS RELATED

TO DIFFERENT AREAS OF EXPERTISE

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

1. FAMOUS PEOPLE IN BOLIVIA. (Personas famosas en Bolivia)

Let’s read and listen to the following conversation. (Leamos y escuchemos la siguiente conversación.)

Conversation:
Cecilia: Do you have an athlete who inspires you?
Tienes algún deportista que te inspira?
Antonio: Yes, I do. Marco Etcheverry inspires me.
Si. Marco Etcheverry me inspira.
Cecilia: Why he inspires you?
Por qué él te inspira?
Antonio: Because, he took Bolivia to a World Cup.
Porque él llevó a Bolivia a un Mundial.
Cecilia: That explains why you play soccer?
Eso explica porque tú juegas futbol. 223
Antonio: Yes, I do.
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1.1. Biography of famous people in our community

(Biografía de los personajes famosos de nuestra comunidad.)
Let’s learn about the biography of some famous people who were part of the history of our country. (Aprendamos
sobre la biografía de algunos famosos personajes que formaron parte de la historia de nuestro país.)

This is Avelino Siñani. He was Meet Víctor Paz Estenssoro.

born in 1881. He was the first He was born in Tarija Bolivia
teacher of the indigenous. Siñani in October 2 of 1907. He died
lived in Llajma Warisata, in La Paz in 2001. Paz was a lawyer,
city. He was the fundator of the statesman and Bolivian politician.
indigenous education in Boliva. He decreed the Agrarian Reform
and the nationalization.

This is Bartolina Sisa. She was Meet Franz Tamayo. He was

born in 1750 and she died born in La Paz in 1879. He was a
in 1782. Sisa was declared a poet, politician and intellectual.
national Aymara heroine. She He founded the Partido Radical.
fought with her husband against Tamayo studied in La Sorbona,
the Spanish. She was hanged. France. His face was on the 200
Bills. Tamayo died in 1956.

1.2. Best Bolivian soccer player. (Mejores futbolistas bolivianos)

Let’s learn about the biography of some soccer players who were part of the history of our country. (Aprendamos sobre
la biografía de algunos futbolistas que formaron parte de la historia de nuestro país.)

This is Marco Antonio Etcheverry. Meet Carlos Emilio Lampe. He

He was born in Santa Cruz, in was born in Santa Cruz in 1983.
1970. He has been recognized as He is a Bolivian nationalized
the “best Bolivian soccer player Argentine professional soccer
of all time.” He took Bolivia to a player. Lampe play’s as
World Cup. goalkeeper in Club Bolivar.

This is Marcelo Martins. He was Meet Alejandro Chumacero. He

born in Santa Cruz in 1987. His was born in La Paz in 1991. He plays
nick name is “flecheiro”. He plays as a midfielder. His measurement
as a striker in Cerro Porteño in is 1.63 m and he weighs 60 kg.
Paraguay. He is the captain of the He started playing on “The
Bolivian team. Strongest” in April 2007 until 2013.

224
1.3. Conditional: Interrogative form. (Condicional: Forma Interrogativa)
Let’s learn the grammatical structure of conditional in interrogative form. (Estudiemos la estructura gramatical de
condicional en forma interrogativa).
 Tercer Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

We use the conditional in English to form hypotheses about any topic and describe its consequences.
First the sentence in the future tense, then the comma and then the sentence with “if”.

What will he do if he runs out of time? ¿Qué hará (él) sí se le acaba el tiempo?

Who’ll be my manager if you resign? ¿Quién será mi jefe sí tú dimites?

Where will we live if we have to move? ¿Dónde viviremos sí tenemos que mudarnos?

1.4. Indefinite pronouns (Pronombres indefinidos)

Let’s analyze these “Indefinite pronouns” to understand the difference between them. (Analicemos “Pronombres
indefinidos.” para comprender la diferencia entre ellos).

Body One Thing Where

Somebody Someone Something Somewhere

Some
(Alguien) (Alguien) (Algo) (En cualquier lugar)

Anybody Anyone Anything Anywhere

Any
(Cualquiera) (Nadie) (Cualquier Cosa) (En cualquier lugar)

Nobody No One Nothing Nowhere

No
(Nadie) (Nadie) (Nada) (En ninguna parte)
Everybody Everyone Everything Everywhere
Every
(Todo El Mundo) (Todos) (Todo) (En todas partes)

1.5. Modal verbs: Ought, May and Might (Verbos modales: Ought, May y Might)
Let’s learn the different functions of the verb “Ought, May and Might”. (Aprendamos las distintas funciones del verbo
“Debería, puede y podría “.)

OUGHT: Úsalo más una forma base de algún verbo - You ought to return that to its owner.
para expresar una opinión o dar un consejo, debemos Tú debes regresar eso a su dueño.
recordar que debe ir acompañado con la palabra - He ought to care of his son.
to entre el verbo modal y el verbo principal de la Él debe cuidar de su hijo.
oración. También podemos usarlo para decir algo - I ought to respect you.
que es normalmente correcto o es deber de alguien. Yo debo respetarte

- Mario may be coming to see us tomorrow. MAY: Es usado cuando no estamos seguros
Mario puede venir a vernos mañana. de algo en el presente o pasado, también
- She may be tired. puede ser usado para pedir permiso en una
Ella debe estar cansada. manera formal. El may not puede ser usado
- May you lend me the car tomorrow? para rechazar un permiso o para denegar un
permiso.
Podrías prestarme el coche mañana?

MIGHT: Se usa cuando deseas sugerir una - I might see you tomorrow.
situación o explicación posible, aunque no Podría verte mañana.
afirmamos que sea cierta al 100 % o bien - It looks nice, but it might be very expensive.
cuando no estamos seguros de lo que ocurrirá. Se ve bien, pero puede ser muy caro.
El might have es usado para hacer conjeturas - Might we ask you a question?
en tiempo pasado. Podemos hacerte una pregunta?

225
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

Let’s remember the famous people of the readings, then answer the questions in our notebook. (Recordemos los
personajes famosos de las lecturas y respondamos las preguntas en nuestro cuaderno.)
1. What was the name of the best goalkeeper of Bolivia?
2. Where was he born?
3. Who took Bolivia to a World Cup?

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

Let’s write about an important athlete of our community that you want to meet.
(Escribamos sobre un atleta importante de nuestra comunidad que quieras conocer.)

APPROACH ON TRANSLATION (Enfoque sobre la Traducción)

¡INICIEMOS DESDE LA PRÁCTICA!

Coal Fires
Mabel: It’s colder today, isn’t it?
(Hace más frío hoy, ¿no?)
Brian: yes, it’s not very warm, is it? I will have to light the fire soon.
(Sí, no hace mucho calor, ¿verdad? Tendré que encender el fuego pronto.)
Mabel: Oh, you have coal fires, do you?.
(Oh, tienes fuegos de carbón, ¿verdad?.)
Brian: Yes. We don’t have central heating. You have central heatin, don’t you?
Si. No tenemos calefacción central. Tienes calefación central, ¿no?)
Mabel: Yes, we do. But coal fires are nice, aren’t they? More comforting than a radiator.
(Sí, lo tenemos. Pero los fuegos de carbon son agradables, ¿no? Más reconfortable que un radiador.)
Brian: Yes, but they’re a lot more work than just switching on the heating. We keep talking about getting central heating put in.
(Sí, pero son mucho más trabajo que simplemente encender la calefacción. Seguimos hablando de instalar
calefacción central.)
Mabel: I suppose coal fires aren’t very convenient, are they?.
(Supongo que los fuegos de carbón no son muy convenientes, ¿Verdad?
Brian: They certainly aren’t.
(Ciertamente no lo son.)

¡CONTINUEMOS CON LA TEORÍA!

1. Reflexive pronouns (Pronombres reflexivos)

Let’s learn the different functions of the “Reflexive pronouns". (Aprendamos las distintas funciones de los "Pronombres
reflexivos")
PERSONAL
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS SENTENCES
PRONOUNS
I forced myself to get up today in the morning.
I Myself (me, mi, yo mismo)
(Me obligué a levantarme hoy por la mañana.)
You’re going to have to drive yourself to school.
You Yourself (te, tú, si mismo)
(Vas a tener que conducir tú mismo a la escuela.)
226 He burnt himself when he was cooking.
He Himself (se, él mismo, si mismo)
(Se quemó mientras cocinaba.)
Her real name is Magaly, but she calls herself Magi.
She Herself (se, ella misma, si misma)
(Su verdadero nombre es Magaly, pero se hace llamar Magi.)
 Tercer Trimestre: Lengua Extrajera

The refrigerator defrosts itself.

It Itself (a si mismo)
(El refrigerador se descongela solo.)
We painted our house by ourselves.
We Ourselves (nos, nosotros mismos)
(Pintamos nuestra casa nosotros mmismos.)
You learned the lesson by yourselves.
You Yourselves (ustedes mismos)
(Ustedes aprendieron la lección por ustedes mismos.)
The boys themselves guided the team to success.
They Themselves (si mismos, ellos mismos)
(Los propios chicos guíaron el equipo hacia el éxito.)

2. Speech: Prepare a dissertation. (Discurso: Preparar una disertación)

In order to strengthen oral skills, the structure of a narrative text must also be
taken into account, so here are some figures that you can use.

STRUCTURING A NARRATIVE

Setting the scene Resolution

Problem Rising Action Climax Falling action
(Exposition) Denouement

1. Organiza la información de tu PARTS OF NARRATIVE TEXT

exposición en inglés.
2. Usa expresiones estándar. Title Relates to the story and grabs the reader’s attention.
3. Prepara diapositivas que apoyen tu Orientation Introduces the characters and describes the setting.
STEPS

presentación en inglés.
Complication The problem in the story.
4. El secreto para exponer en inglés:
practice, practice and more practice. Resolution The resolution to the problem.
5. También puedes usar esta
estructura. Ending What has come from the experience?

3. Reading and translate texts: newspapers, magazines and others (English to Spanish/ Spanish to
English)
(Lectura y traducción de textos: periódicos, revistas y otros (inglés a español/español a inglés).
In the English language, it must be taken into
account that the word-for-word translation is rarely
applicable because it must have the same structure
between both languages for it to work, the
grammatical categories must be taken into account,
since sometimes the order of the words is different
between the English and Spanish languages.
Keep researching.

4. Target language (Idioma de destino)

227
Some people bow Some people Kiss once. Some shake hands. And some hug.
Some Kiss twice.
 Educación Secundaria Comunitaria Productiva

5. How to write an essay? (¿Cómo escribir un ensayo?)

• Decide the topic (where it is not given). • Write the essay following the outline.
• Jot down the points (or ideas you want to discuss). • Edit
• Organize your points and outline. • Read once more and correct.

¡REALICEMOS LA VALORACIÓN!

Let’s create our own essay with the characteristics and structure, that be constructed with the
teacher’s help, based on brainstorming. (Realicemos nuestro propio ensayo con las características y la
estructura, esta se construirá con la ayuda de la maestra, a partir de una lluvia de ideas.)

¡ES HORA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN!

Let’s look for two articles from the physical or digital newspaper and then translate them taking into
account the guidelines provided in this lesson. Afterwards you should read it in class. (Buscamos dos
artículos del periódico físico o digital y luego traducir las mismas tomando en cuenta las orientaciones
brindadas en esta lección. Posteriormente debes leerlo en la clase.).

228
Equipo de redactores de texto de aprendizaje 6to. Año de Educación Secundaria Comunitaria
Productiva.

Primer Trimestre Segundo Trimestre Tercer Trimestre

Biología Geografía Biología Geografía Biología Geografía

José Luis Chambi Barrientos José Luis Chambi Barrientos José Luis Chambi Barrientos
(La Paz) (La Paz) (La Paz)

Física Física Física

Pamela Mayta Arcani Romer Waldimar Chacolla Cama Andres Jose Duran Arévalo
(El Alto - La Paz) (La Paz) (Cochabamba)

Química Química Química

Fili Arteaga Aguilar (Tarija) Fili Arteaga Aguilar (Tarija) Fili Arteaga Aguilar (Tarija)

Ciencias Sociales Ciencias Sociales Ciencias Sociales

Roger Sanjines Poma - IIPP Roger Sanjines Poma - IIPP Roger Sanjines Poma - UG - BCB -
INE
Comunicación y lenguaje Comunicación y lenguaje
Giovana Silvia Luizaga Soliz Giovana Silvia Luizaga Soliz Comunicación y lenguaje
(Cochabamba) (Cochabamba) Giovana Silvia Luizaga Soliz
(Cochabamba)
Lengua Extranjera Lengua Extranjera
Rossemarie Patiño Cuestas Betty Ticona Mamani (La Paz) Lengua Extranjera
(Cochabamba) Betty Ticona Mamani (La Paz)
Educación Musical
Educación Musical Brito David Cari Copa (Cochabamba) Educación Musical
Omar Eliud Conde Cutile (La Paz) Elmer Condori Copa (Santa Cruz)
Cosmovisiones Filosofía y
Cosmovisiones Filosofía y Psicología Cosmovisiones Filosofía y
Psicología Ruben Dario Nina Flores (La Paz) Psicología
Ruben Dario Nina Flores (La Paz) Valeria Patino Gomez
Valores Espiritualidades y (Cochabamba)
Valores Espiritualidades y Religiones
Religiones Patricia Adelfa Michel Loayza Valores Espiritualidades y
Patricia Adelfa Michel Loayza (La Paz) Religiones
(La Paz) Patricia Adelfa Michel Loayza
Matemática (La Paz))
Matemática Eli Gerson Mena Romero
Eli Gerson Mena Romero (Santa Cruz) Matemática
(Santa Cruz) Eli Gerson Mena Romero
(Santa Cruz)

El presente texto es un amplio trabajo colectivo en el que han participado los profesores
mencionados en los créditos, así como diversas instituciones y que, además, recupera pasajes de
los textos de aprendizaje publicados en la anterior gestión, 2022.