NEIL GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Osmania University, Hyderabad)

D.No.10TC-111, Kachivanisingaram (V), Uppal, Hyderabad – 500088, Telangana

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MANUAL

Student Name: …………………………………………………

Roll No:………………………………………………………………

Branch:……………………………..Section……………………

Year …………………………Semester………………………..

FACULTY INCHARGE
 INDEX

SNO EXPERIMENT NAME DATE REMARKS SIGNATURE

 PREFACE

Engineering institutions have been continually modernizing and updating their curriculum
to keep pace with the technological advancements and to meet the demands of the industry. In recent past,
numerous universities brought a significant change in the graduate programs of engineering at first year
level .To meet the needs of the light–current engineering industries (electronics, communication,
instrumentation, controls, computers, etc.) and to enhance the employability of their graduates. The present
course has been designed and developed to ensure that the fundamentals of this course are well understood
by students of all circuit branches. Simultaneously, fundamentals of important topics, in major subject
areas, have been discussed to provide a foundation for the study of advanced topics, by students of various
current engineering disciplines in their subsequent programmes of study. This course ideally meets the
requirement of the first level course in ‘Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory’.

It is firmly believed that this course will help students to overcome their initial apprehensions and
initiate a life-long affair with electrical and electronics engineering. It also presents a clear and concise
exposition of the principles and applications of electrical and electronics engineering.

Faculty of BEE
NGIT
 BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

COURSE OUTCOMES

CO-1: Get an exposure to common electrical components and their ratings

CO-2: Comprehend the usage of common electrical measuring instruments

CO3: Comprehend the circuit analysis techniques using various circuit laws and theorems
CO4: Analyze the performance single phase and three phase circuits

CO5: Analyze the performance of DC machines

CO6: Test the basic characteristics of transformers and induction motors

 NEIL GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

I Year BE - CSE/CSE-AIML -I & II SEM

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Verification of KVL and KCL, Superposition Theorem with DC Excitation.
2. Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems with DC Excitation.
3. Sinusoidal Steady State Response of R-L, R-C Circuits.
4. Measurement of 3-Phase Power by One Wattmeter Method in balanced Star
and Delta connected 3-Phase Circuit.
5. Load Test on Single Phase Transformer.
6. Synchronous speed of Four Pole 3-Phase Induction Motor by reversal of phase
sequence.
7. OCC of DC Shunt Generator.
8. Load test on DC Shunt Motor.
9. Three Phase Transformer connections
 INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

 Before entering the lab the student should carry the following things.
o Identity card issued by the college.
o Class notes
o Lab observation book
o Lab Record
o Wear Shoes and Apron
 Student must sign in and sign out in the register provided when attending the lab session without
fail.
 Come to the laboratory in time. Students, who are late more than 15 min., will not be allowed to
attend the lab.
 Students need to maintain 100% attendance in lab if not a strict action will be taken.
 All students must follow a Dress Code while in the laboratory
 Foods, drinks are NOT allowed.
 All bags must be left at the indicated place.
 The objective of the laboratory is learning. The experiments are designed to illustrate phenomena
in different areas of Physics and to expose you to measuring instruments, conduct the experiments
with interest and an attitude of learning
 You need to come well prepared for the experiment.
 Work quietly and carefully
 Be honest in recording and representing your data.
 If a particular reading appears wrong repeat the measurement carefully, to get a better fit for a
graph
 All presentations of data, tables and graphs calculations should be neatly and carefully done
 Graphs should be neatly drawn with pencil. Always label graphs and the axes and display units.
 If you finish early, spend the remaining time to complete the calculations and drawing graphs.
Come equipped with calculator, scales, pencils etc.
 Do not fiddle with apparatus. Handle instruments with care. Report any breakage to the Instructor.
Return all the equipment you have signed out for the purpose of your experiment.
 SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES FOR BEE LABORATORY

 You must not damage or tamper with the equipment or leads.

 You should inspect laboratory equipment for visible damage before using it. If there is a
problem with a piece of equipment, report it to the technician or lecturer. DONOT return
equipment to a storage area
 You should not work on circuits where the supply voltage exceeds 40 volts without very
specific approval from your lab supervisor. If you need to work on such circuits, you should
contact your supervisor for approval and instruction on how to do this safely before
commencing the work.
 Always use an appropriate stand for holding your soldering iron.
 Turn off your soldering iron if it is unlikely to be used for more than 10 minutes.
 Never leave a hot soldering iron unattended.
 Never touch a soldering iron element or bit unless the iron has been disconnected from the
mains and has had adequate time to cool down.
 Never strip insulation from a wire with your teeth or a knife, always use an appropriate wire
stripping tool.
 Shield wire with your hands when cutting it with a pliers to prevent bits of wire flying about
the bench.
 CONTENTS

Page
S.No Name of the experiment
Number
Verification of KVL and KCL and Superposition theorem.
1 2-10
Verification of Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorem.
2 11-19
3 Sinusoidal Steady State Response of R-L, R-C Circuits. 20-23
4 Measurement of 3-Phase Power by One Wattmeter 24-27
Method in balanced Star and Delta connected 3-Phase
Circuit.

5 Load test on Single Phase Transformer. 30-33

6 Synchronous speed of Two & Four Pole 3-Phase Induction 34-36

Motors by reversal of phase sequence.

7 OCC of DC Shunt Generator. 37-40

8 Load Test of DC Shunt Motor 41-45

9 Three-phase transformers: Star and Delta connections Voltage 46-54

and Current relationships
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES ANS
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

CYCLE – 1

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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1. VERIFICATION OF KVL, KCL &SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

AIM: To verify the Kirchhoff’s voltage law and Kirchhoff’s current law and superposition
theorem for the given circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the equipment Range Type Quantity
1 KVL Verification Kit - - 1
2 KCL Verification Kit - - 1
3 Superposition theorem Kit - - 1
4 Dual Regulated Power DC, (0-30V),2A -
Supply(DRPS)
5 Voltmeter (0-20V) Digital 4
6 Ammeter (0-200mA) Digital 5

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

PRACTICAL CIRCUIT:
1.KVL:
V
1 _
+
V

_
R = 22 ohm s
1
V V
4 R
4 +
+
= 100 ohm s R V V
2 2
_
= 33 ohm s

R = 47 ohm s
3

V
_
+
V
3

2.KCL
_
+
A
I
T + + + +
A A A A
I I _ I _ I _
(0 - 30 V) 1 _ 2 3 4

22 33 47 100
ohms
ohms ohms ohms

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3. SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
Step 1 : when both sources are active
82 ohms 100 ohms

+
I
A
+ +
_
V V
1_ _ 2
47
ohms

56 ohms

Step 2 : when 𝑽𝟏 is active and 𝑽𝟐 is deactivated

82 ohms 100 ohms

+
I
A 1
+
_
V
1_
47
ohms

56 ohms

Step 3 : when 𝑽𝟏 is deactivated and 𝑽𝟐 is active

82 ohms 100 ohms

+
I
A 2
+
_
V
_ 2
47
ohms

56 ohms

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 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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THEORY:
KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:
Kirchhoff’s Voltage law states that the algebraic sum of the voltage around any closed
path in a given circuit is always zero. In any circuit, voltage drops across the resistors always have
polarities opposite to the source polarity. When the current passes through the resistor, there is a
loss in energy and therefore a voltage drop. In any element, the current flows from a higher
potential to lower potential. Consider the fig (1a) shown above in which there are 3 resistors are in
series. According to kickoff’s voltage law….
V = V1 + V2 + V3

KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:

Kirchhoff’s current law states that the sum of the currents entering a node equal to the
sum of the currents leaving the same node. Consider the fig (1b) shown above in which there are
3 parallel paths. According to Kirchhoff’s current law...
I = I1 + I2 + I3
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:
Superposition theorem states that in a lumped, linear, bilateral network consisting more number
of sources each branch current(voltage) is the algebraic sum all currents ( branch voltages), each of
which is determined by considering one source at a time and removing all other sources. In removing the
sources, voltage and current sources ar e replaced by internal resistances

PROCEDURE:
1. Kirchhoff’s Voltage law:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
2. Measure the voltages across the resistors.
3. Observe that the algebraic sum of voltages in a closed loop is zero.
2. Kirchhoff’s current law:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
2. Measure the currents through the resistors.
3. Observe that the algebraic sum of the currents at a node is zer
3.Superposition Theorem
1. Connect the circuit as per the fig (1).
2. Adjust the output voltage of sources X and Y to appropriate values (Say 15V and
13V respectively).
3. Note down the current (IL) through the 47 0hm resistor by using the ammeter.
4. Connect the circuit as per fig (2) and set the source Y (13V) to 0V and X to 15V.
5. Note down the current ( IL l) through 47ohm resistor by using ammeter.
6. Connect the circuit as per fig(3) and set the source X (15V) to 0V and source Y to 13V.
7. Note down the current (ILll) through the 47 ohm resistor branch by using ammeter.
8. Reduce the output voltage of the sources X and Y to 0V and switch off the supply.
9. Disconnect the circuit.

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OBSERVATION TABLE: KVL:

S.No VS(V) V1(V) V2(V) V3(V) V4(V) V1+V2+ V3+ V4(V)

1. Theory
2. Practical

KCL:
S.No VS(V) I(A) I1(A) I2(A) I3(A) I4(A) I1+I2+I3+I4(A)
1. Theory
2. Practical

SUPER POSITION THEOREM:

S.No V1(V) V2(V) I1(mA) I2(mA) I1+I2(mA) IL(mA)
1. Theory
2. Practical

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Avoid loose connections.

2. Keep all the knobs in minimum position while switch on and off of the supply.

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EXERCISE QUESTIONS:
1. In The Circuit Given In Fig Find A)The Current I B)The Voltage Across 30 Ω
resistance

2. Determine The Current In All Resistors In The Circuit Shown In Fig.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is another name for KCL & KVL?

2. Define network and circuit?
3. State Super Position Theorem.
4. What is the Importance of Super Position Theorem?
5. If two or more voltage sources are connected in series then what is the net voltage
applied to the circuit and voltage sources are connected in parallel what is the net
voltage applied to the circuit?

6. What is the difference between the resistance, reactance and impedance of a circuit element and
how they are measured?

7. What is the property of inductor and capacitor?

Outcomes:

After performing the experiment the student will be

 Able to solve any electric circuit excited by dc source by applying KCL, KVL and
Super Position Theorem

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RESULT:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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2. VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM AND NORTON’S THEOREM

AIM: To verify Theremin’s and Norton’s theorem for the given circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name Of The Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Thevenin’s& Norton’s - - 1
Verification Kit
2 Ammeter (0-200mA) Digital 1
3 Multi-meter - 1
4 DC, (0-30V),2A - 1
Dual Regulated Power
Supply(DRPS)

5 Connecting Wires - - As Required

PRACTICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

TO FIND IL:

To Find RTh or (RN):

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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To Find VTh:

To Find IN:

To Find ILusing Thevenin’sEquivalentCircuit:

To Find ILusing Norton’s Equivalent Circuit:

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THEORY:

THEVENIN’S THEOREM:
It states that in any lumped, linear network having more number of sources and elements the
equivalent circuit across any branch can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of
Theremin’s equivalent voltage source Vth in series with Theremin’s equivalent resistance Rth.
Where Vth is the open circuit voltage across (branch) the two terminals and Rth is the
resistance seen from the same two terminals by replacing all other sources with internal
resistances.

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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NORTON’S THEOREM:
Norton’s theorem states that in a lumped, linear network the equivalent circuit across any
branch is replaced with a current source in parallel a resistance. Where the current is the
Norton’s current which is the short circuit current though that branch and the resistance is the
Norton’s resistance which is the equivalent resistance across that branch by replacing all the
sources sources with their internal resistances

FOR NORTON’s CURRENT

Load Current through Load Resistor

IL = IN x [RN / (RN+ RL)]

PROCEDURE:
THEVENIN’S THEOREM
1. Connect the circuit as per fig (1)
2. Adjust the output voltage of the regulated power supply to an appropriate value (Say 15V).
3. Note down the response (current, IL) through the branch of interest i.e. AB (ammeter
reading).
4. Reduce the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply.
5. Disconnect the circuit and connect as per the fig (2).
6. Adjust the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 15V.
7. Note down the voltage across the load terminals AB (Voltmeter reading) that gives Vth.
8. Reduce the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply.
9. Disconnect the circuit and connect as per the fig (3).
10. Connect the digital multimeter(DMM) across AB terminals and it should be kept in
resistance mode to measure Thevenin’s resistance(RTh).

NORTONS THEOREM :
1. Connect the circuit as per fig (1)
2. Adjust the output voltage of the regulated power supply to an appropriate value (Say 20V).
3. Note down the response (current, IL) through the branch of interest i.e. AB (ammeter
reading).
4. Reduce the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply.
5. Disconnect the circuit and connect as per the fig (2).
6. Adjust the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 20V.
7. Note down the response (current, IN) through the branch AB (ammeter reading).
8. Reduce the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply.
9. Disconnect the circuit and connect as per the fig (3).
Connect the digital multimeter (DMM) across AB terminals and it should be kept in
resistance mode to measure Norton’s resistance(R N)

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

Tabulation for Thevenin’s Theorem:

𝑽𝒔 (volts) 𝑽𝒕𝒉 (volts) 𝑹𝒕𝒉 (𝛀) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨𝒎𝒑) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨𝒎𝒑)

Using
Thevenin’s
equivalent
Theoretical
values
Practical
values

TABULATION FOR NORTON’S THEOREM:

𝑽𝒔 (volts) 𝑰𝑵 (Amp) 𝑹𝑵 (𝛀) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨𝒎𝒑) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨𝒎𝒑)

Using
Norton’s
equivalent
Theoritical
values
Practical
values

EXERCISE QUESTIONS:
1. Determine current through current 5 ohms resistor using Norton’s theorem.

2. Determine the current flowing through the 5 ohm resistor using Thevenin’s theorem

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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1. Determine current through current 5 ohms resistor using Norton’s theorem.

2. Determine the current flowing through the 5 ohm resistor using Thevenin’s theorem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) The internal resistance of a source is 2 Ohms and is connected with an

External l o a d Of 10 Ohms Resistance. What is Rth ?
2) In the above question if the voltage is 10 volts and the load is of 50 ohms
What is the load current and Vth? Verify IL?
3)If the internal resistance of a source is 5 ohms and is connected with an
External Load Of 25 Ohms Resistance. What is Rth?
4)In the above question if the voltage is 20V and the load is of 50 Ohms,
What is the load current and IN ? Verify IL ?
5)The internal resistance of a source is 2 Ohms and is connected with an
External Load Of 10 Ohms Resistance. What is Rth?
6)In the above question if the voltage is 10 volts and the load is of 50 ohms. What is the load
current and Vth? Verify IL?
7) If the internal resistance of a source is 5 ohms and is connected with an External Load Of
25 Ohms Resistance. What is Rth?
8)In the above question if the voltage is 20V and the load is of 50 Ohms. What is the load
current and IN ? Verify IL ?

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RESULT:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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3. STEADY STATE RESPONSE OF SERIES RL AND RC CIRCUIT

AIM: To observe the steady state response of series R-L and R-C circuits with single phase AC Supply.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No Name of the Component Specifications Quantity

1. RLC Study Kit - 1
2. Ammeter (0-5A) MI 1
(0-300V) MI 2
3. Voltmeter
(0-150V) MI 2
4. Single Phase Auto Transformer (0-230V) MI 1
5. Connecting Wires - As required

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Series R-L Circuit:

Series R-C Circuit:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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Theory:

In series R-L circuit:

VS = VR + VL
Z = V/I

R = VR/I
XL= VL/I
Power Factor = CosΦ = R/Z
Power = VI CosΦ

In series R-C circuit:

VS = VR + VC
Z = V/I
R = VR/I
XC= VC/I
Power Factor = CosΦ = R/Z
Power = VI CosΦ

Procedure:

1) Connect the Series R-L circuit as shown inFig:3.1.

2) Apply the suitable voltage to the circuit by using Single Phase auto transformer in steps.
3) Note down the readings of voltmeters and ammeter.
4) Plot VR Vs VL Graph and Disconnect the Circuit.
5) Connect the Series R-C circuit as shown inFig:3.2.
6) Apply the suitable voltage to the circuit by using Single Phase auto transformer in steps.
7) Note down the readings of voltmeters and ammeter.
8) Plot VR Vs VCGraph.

Tabular Columns:
R-L Circuit
Z= R= XL= Power Power =VI
Vs VR VL I
S.No
(V) (V) (V) (A) V/I VR/I VL/I Factor CosΦ L(H)
(Ω) (Ω) (Ω) CosΦ=R/Z (Watts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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HUMANITIES AND
AND
SCIENCES
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

R-C Circuit
Z= R= XC= Power Power =VI C
Vs VR VC I
S.No
(V) (V) (V) (A)
V/I VR/I VC/I Factor CosΦ (f)
(Ω) (Ω) (Ω) CosΦ=R/Z (Watts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Expected Graphs:

Short answer Questions:

1) What do you understand by the terms steady state and transient response.
2) Draw the response of an RL circuit for a unit step input.
3) Draw the response of an RC circuit for a unit step input.

Outcomes:

After performing this experiment the student will be able to

 Understand the behavior of circuit parameters R, L and C
 Use Kirchoff’s laws to solve a given circuit .Understand the response of RL, RC and
RLC circuit.

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Result:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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4.MEASUREMENT OF 3-PHASE POWER BY USING 1-WATTMETER WITH STAR AND DELTA

CONNECTED LOADS

AIM: To Measure 3-Phase Power by using One Wattmeter Method in balanced Star and Delta
connected 3-Phase Resistive Circuit.

APPARTUS REQUIRED:

S. No Name of the Component Specifications Quantity

1. 3-phase Auto transformer 0-440V, 10A 1
2. Voltmeter 0 – 600V (MI) 1
3. Ammeter 0 – 10A (MI) 1
4. Wattmeter 10A, 600V,UPF 1
5. Loading Rheostat 5.75 KW, 415V 1
6. Connecting Wires - As requires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
With Star Load:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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With Delta Load:

Procedure:

1. Connect as per the circuit diagram shown with Star Load

2. Apply 415V across the 3-Phase Star connected Resistive load by varying 3-phase Auto
transformer.
3. Vary the load in steps, note down the readings of various meters and tabulate the values.
4. Calculate the power factor angle by using the formula

√3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos𝜙 =3 × watt meter reading

5. Repeat the above procedure for 3-Phase Delta connected Resistive Load also.

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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Tabular Column:

Star load
Watt Three Phase
𝑽𝑳 𝑰𝑳 meter Φ Power factor Power=
S.No (V) (A) reading (Deg) Cos Φ 3*Wattmeter
(W)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Delta load
Watt Three Phase
𝑽𝑳 𝑰𝑳 meter Φ Power factor Power=
S.No (V) (A) reading (Deg) Cos Φ 3*Wattmeter
(W)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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RESULT:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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CYCLE – 2

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5. Load Test on Single Phase Transformer

AIM:
To perform load test on 1-phase transformer and determine Efficiency and Regulation of the
transformer.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of the
S.NO Type Range Quantity
Equipment
1. Single Phase 1KVA, 1
Transformer 230V/230V
2. Wattmeter Dynamometer (0-300)V, 5/10 1
A 150/300/600 V
3. Ammeter MI (0-5-10)A, AC 1
4. Voltmeter MI (0-150-300) V, 1
AC
5. Lamp Bank Resistive Resistive 1 KW, 1
Load 230 V

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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THEORY:
The transformer is a device which transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another
electrical circuit through magnetic field as coupling medium. In this process it does not
change the frequency of voltage or current. It works on the basic principle of electromagnetic
induction (mutually induced e. m. f.). Being a static device it has a very high efficiency as
compared to rotating machine of same rating as the losses are less.
Power input to the transformer
𝑃1 = 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑝𝑜𝒘𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑃2 = 𝑉2 ∗ 𝐼2 ( cosØ being unity for lamp bank load) Now:

%Efficiency (𝜼)
𝑷𝟐
=( ) ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑷𝟏
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

When primary winding of transformer is energized with source of voltage V1 an e.m.f. E2 is

induced across the secondary winding and it is also equal to secondary terminal voltage V 2 till
there is no load across secondary winding. As soon as load is applied across the secondary
winding the terminal voltage is decreased from E 2 to V2 this phenomenon of changing the
voltage is called “voltage regulation”.
We can define voltage regulation in numerical term as “it is change in secondary terminal
voltage from no load to full load with respect to the secondary no load voltage”.

Thus,
𝐸2 − 𝑉2
% 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ( ) ∗ 100
𝐸2

The voltage regulation should be as small as possible. Transformer being highly inductive
device works on lagging power factor unless the load of highly capacitive nature is connected
across the secondary winding to make overall circuit resistive purely or capacitive in nature.

PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the switch S on secondary side open so that load is zero to measure no load
voltage. Also keep knob of auto transformer at zero output voltage position.
3. Now increase the voltage through auto transformer until voltage in voltmeter V2 reads
rated value of secondary winding & read no load voltage E2.
4. Switch on certain lamps in the lamp in the bank load such that secondary winding
current be approximately 10% of the rated current of secondary side.
5. Take the readings from Wattmeter W2, Voltmeter V2, & Ammeter I2.
6. Increase the load current in steps of 10% of the rated value by switching on few more
lamps & take the readings of the Wattmeter, Ammeter & Voltmeter till it reaches to
rated value.
7. Reduce the load to zero by switching of the lamps one-by-one.
8. Switch off the AC-Supply.

𝐸2 −𝑉2
% 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ( ) ∗ 100
𝐸2

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 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl. 𝑾𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝑽𝟐 𝑰𝟐
𝑷𝟐 = 𝑽𝟐 ∗ 𝑰𝟐 %Efficiency (𝜼)
(Watts) (Amp) % 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
No. (volts) (Volts) 𝑷
(Watts) 𝐸2 − 𝑉2
= (𝑾𝟐 ) ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏 = ( ) ∗ 100
𝐸2

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Instruments used should be of proper range.
2. All the connections should be tight.
3. The parallax error should not be there.
4. Give constants supply through the auto Transformer.
5. Never touch live conductors or Terminals.

RESULT:
The efficiency of given Transformer is .
The Voltage Regulation of the given Transformer is .

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

6.DIRECTION OF ROTATION ON FOUR POLE THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR BY

REVERSAL OF PHASE SEQUENCE

AIM: To observe the direction of rotation by reversing the phase sequence and to measure
Speed and to calculate Slip.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name Of The
S.NO Type Range Quantity
Equipment
1 3-phase induction - 1
motor
2 Star-delta Starter - 1
3 TPIC switch - 1
4 Speedometer - 1
5 Connecting leads - As required

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

THEORY:
When a 3-Φ supply is provided to a three- phase wound stator of an induction motor, a
rotating magnetic field is established, rotating at synchronous speed. At start, stationary rotor
conductors cut across the revolving magnetic field and emf is induced in them by the
electromagnetic phenomenon. Current flows through the rotor conductors, as they form a closed
path, and so rotor field is developed. By interaction of stator magnetic field and rotor field, torque
develops and causes the rotation of rotor in the same direction as that of revolving magnetic field.
Motor is connected to the 3-phase ac supply mains through star-delta starter and TPIC switch. The
direction of rotation of a 3-phase induction motor can be reversed by interchanging any two
terminals at the TPIC switch and speed can be measured by Speedometer.

PROCEDURE

1) The connections of a 3-phase induction motor are made to the star-delta starter and to the TPIC
switch, as shown in figure.
2) The TPIC switch is closed and the motor is started by taking the lever of the starter to the start (star)
position and then with a jerk to the run (delta) position. The direction of the rotation of the motor is
observed. Say, it is in clockwise direction.
3) Speed of the motor is measured by a speedometer.
4) Now the motor is stopped by pushing the stop button and supply to the motor is removed by
opening the TPIC switch.
5) The two leads of the motor are interchanged to the TPIC switch.
6) TPIC switch is closed and the motor is started again.
7) The direction of rotation of the motor is observed. Speed of motor is again measured by a
speedometer.
8) The push button is pushed and the TPIC switch is made off.

TABULAR COLOUMN:
𝑽𝑳 (𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨𝒎𝒑) 𝑵𝒓 (𝒓𝒑𝒎)
%Slip (s)
S.NO
𝑵𝒔 − 𝑵𝒓
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑵𝒔

FORWARD

𝑽𝑳 (𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨𝒎𝒑) 𝑵𝒓 (𝒓𝒑𝒎)

%Slip (s)
S.NO
𝑵𝒔 − 𝑵𝒓
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑵𝒔

REVERSE

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

OBSERVATIONS:
1. The direction of rotation of the motor in second case is found opposite to that in first case.
2. The speed of the motor is same in both cases.

PRECAUTIONS:
(i) All connections should be tight.
(ii) Never touch the live terminals.
(iii) Before changing the connections switch off the power supply..
(iv) Increase the load slowly.
(v) Don’t wear loose dress during the experiment, it may be dangerous.
(vi) Care must be taken to put lever of the starter at star position at the time of starting.

RESULT:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

7.OCC OF A DC SHUNT GENERATOR

AIM: To obtain the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of a DC Generator and Critical field resistance.
.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO Description Type Range Quantity

1. Voltmeter MC 0-300V 1
2. Ammeter MC 0-2A 1
3. Field regulator - 600Ω, 1.7A 2
4. Tachometer - 0-9999 RPM 1
5. Connecting wires - As required As required

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NGIT 38
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

THEORY:
This characteristic is also called no load characteristics or Magnetization characteristics. It is the curve plotted
between No load EMF EO and field current (If). The field winding is disconnected from armature and connected
to the source through a variable resistance and ammeter. A voltmeter is connected across the generator.

Critical Field Resistance is defined as the maximum field circuit resistance at which the shunt
generator would just excite at any given speed. At this value the generator will just excites. If
the field circuit resistance is increased beyond this value, the generator will fail to excite. It is
the initial slope value of the OCC in the linear region passing through the origin.

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig 6.1. Keep the field
regulator in the generator field circuit in the maximum resistance position.
2. Start the motor with the starter and note the speed at which the MG Set runs
3. Keep the field switch open and note the voltmeter reading.
4. Close the field switch and note the voltmeter and ammeter readings.
5. Increase the field current by reducing the field regulator resistance in steps and note the
voltmeter and ammeter readings at each step in table 6.1.
6. Once rated voltage of the generator is reached start decreasing the field current in steps
and note the voltmeter and ammeter readings at each step.
7. Bring the generator field regulator to the maximum resistance position and open the field
switch.
8. Switch off the supply to the motor.
9. Plot the graph of no load EMF (E0) Vs Field Current (If). Draw a tangent to the
ascending curve. The slope of the tangent gives the critical resistance.

TABULAR COLUMN:
Induced voltage
If(A)
S.No EO(V) EO(V)
(Gen Field Current)
(Increasing) ( Decreasing)

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Precautions:

While changing the field current to and fro motion must be avoided, i.e. either increase or
decrease continuously.

GRAPH:

Discussions:

1. What are the merits of separate excitation

2. If the generator does not build up voltage, what are the possible causes/
3. How are two generators operated in parallel?
4. What are the different methods of excitation?

OUTCOMES:
After performing the experiment the student will be
 Start the motor generator set using 3-point starter and suitable values of rheostat in the
proper position.
 Able to choose proper rating of fuse and various instruments
 Able to draw magnetization characteristics and find critical resistance and speed.

RESULT:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

8.LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To determine the efficiency of a DC shunt motor by conducting load test (brake test).

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO Description Type Range Quantity

0 – 300V
1. Voltmeter MC 1
0 – 30A
2. Ammeter MC 1
MC 0-2A
3. Ammeter 1
Tachometer
4. Digital 0-9999 RPM 1
5. Connecting Wires - - As required
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB
NGIT 41

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NGIT 42

DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND

SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Theory:

The performance characteristics of a DC shunt motor can be obtained by

1. Direct load test (Brake Test)
2. Indirect load test (Swinburne’s Test)
The DC motor is loaded with the help of brake drum, belt and spring balance arrangement.
Load is increased by tightening the belt. The net force can be obtained by spring balance.
Let S1 and S2 are the spring balance readings.
The pull or Force on the brake drum = 9.81 (S1 - S2) Newton
Torque on the drum TSh = 9.81 (S1 - S2)*r N-m where r is the radius of the drum Motor
2𝜋𝑁
power output Psh=T sh watts; where N is the rpm of the motor.
60
Let input voltage and current be V and I, the power input to the motor Pin = V*I
The efficiency = η = output/ input

Procedure:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig 5.1.
2. Start the motor using the starter.
3. Increase the load by tightening the brake band and note the readings of the ammeter,
voltmeter, tachometer and applied loads S1 &S2 till rated current is attained , Tabulate the
Values.
4. Unload the motor by slackening the brake band.
5. Switch off the supply to the motor by opening the DPST switch. Find the radius of the
Brake drum.

Precautions:
 Before starting the experiment pour some water into brake drum &also while doing the
experiment.
 Stay away from the brake drum when switching off the motor.
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 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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Tabular Column:(“r” is the radius of the brake drum=100cm=0.1m)

W Output Input %η =
S. V IL N S1 S2 T=9.81Wr
N (V) (A) (RPM) (Kg) (Kg) (S1-S2) (N-m) 2πNT/60 VIL (Output/Input)*100
o (Kg) (W) (W)

Expected graph:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Discussions:

1. What are the methods for finding the efficiency?

2. What are the basic requirements to conduct the load test?
3. Compare the load characteristics for different types of DC motors.
4. If two motors are required to drive a common load, how will they share the total load?
5. What are the functions of a DC motor Starter?

Outcomes:

After performing the experiment the student will be

 To analyse and estimate the performance of any DC motor with the help of various
characteristics such as T 𝑉𝑠𝐼𝑎, N 𝑉𝑠𝐼𝑎, N 𝑉𝑠T, ή 𝑉𝑠 output.
 Start the motor generator set using 3-point starter and suitable values of Rheostat in the
proper position.
Applying mechanical load on a dc motor with drum and belt arrangement

Result:

NGIT 45
 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

9.Three-phase transformers: Star and Delta connections Voltage and

Current relationships
AIM:

To study the balanced three phase system for star & delta relationships.

APPARATUS:
Sr.
Name of Apparatus Range/Rating Make
No.
1 Three phase dimmer stat

2 Ammeter(AC)

3 Voltmeter(AC)

4 Rheostats

5 Multi-function meter

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Theory:-
Any three phase system, is divided into two major parts
i) Three phase supply system and
ii) Three phase load. Both of these either load or supply can be connected in two ways
either star or delta.
(i) Star Connection→ In this connection, the starting or termination ends of all windings are
connected together & along with their phase ends this common point is also brought out
called as neutral point.
(ii) Delta Connection- If the terminating end of one winding is connected to starting end of other
& If connection are continued for all their windings in this fashion we get closed loop. The
three supply lines are taken out from three junctions. This is called as three phase delta connected
system.
The load can be connected in similar manner. In this experiment we are concerned with
balanced load.
The load is said to be balanced when
i. Voltagesacrossthreephasesareequal&phasesaredisplacedby120°electrical.
ii. The impedance of each phase of load is same.

iii. The resulting current in all the three phases are equal & displaced by
120° electrical from each other.
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

STAR CONNECTION

DELTA CONNECTION

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

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 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

STAR- STAR CONNECTION DIAGRAM

STAR- DELTA CONNECTION DIAGRAM

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 DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

DELTA- DELTA CONNECTION DIAGRAM

DELTA- STAR CONNECTION DIAGRAM

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
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Note: cos (Ø)=1 ,since load is resistive in nature.

Observation table :-For Star- star connected three phase load:

Line Phase
Sr Phase Ratio of
Voltage Voltage
No current VL/Vph
VL(volts) Vph(volts)
Iph(Amp)
1
2
3

Observation table :-For Star-Delta connected three phase load:

Line Phase
Sr Phase Ratio of
Voltage Voltage
No current VL/Vph
VL(volts) Vph(volts)
Iph(Amp)
1
2
3

Observation table:-For Delta -Delta connected three phase load:

Sr Line Line Current Phase Ratio

No Voltage IL (Amp) current of
VL(volts) Iph(Amp) IL /Iph
1

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Observation table:-For Delta -Star connected three phase load:

Sr Line Line Current Phase Ratio

No Voltage IL (Amp) current of
VL(volts) Iph(Amp) IL /Iph
1

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Phasor diagram:

 Draw Phasor diagrams for star and delta connected three phase balanced load.

Result and Conclusion:

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

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DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND
SCIENCES BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB