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IM Module 17

The document discusses the concepts of leading and lagging power factor loads, and the equivalent resistance and reactance in transformers. It provides formulas for calculating equivalent values referred to both primary and secondary circuits, along with specific problems related to transformer operations. The problems include calculations for current, turns, and equivalent resistance and reactance in various transformer scenarios.

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alwingracious02
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2 views

IM Module 17

The document discusses the concepts of leading and lagging power factor loads, and the equivalent resistance and reactance in transformers. It provides formulas for calculating equivalent values referred to both primary and secondary circuits, along with specific problems related to transformer operations. The problems include calculations for current, turns, and equivalent resistance and reactance in various transformer scenarios.

Uploaded by

alwingracious02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Leading power factor load .

I2 leads V2 by Φ 2

Inductive load

Lagging power factor load . I2 lags V2 by Φ 2

EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE AS REFERRED TO BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

TRANSFORMER WITH RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE

 Resistance of primary winding is represented by R1and that of secondary is represented by


R2,it represent the voltage drop in the transformer.
 The reactance of primary winding is represented by X1 and that of secondary is represented
by X2,it represents the leakage flux in the transformer.

Two independent circuit can be resolved in to single circuit to make calculation simpler
Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to primary.

X2’=X2/K2 and X1’=K2X1

XO1 =X1+X2’ =X1+X2/K2

RO1=R1+R2’=R1+R2/K2

ZO1=√(𝑅2 + 𝑋2
𝑂1 𝑂1

Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to secondary.

X2’=X2/K2 and X1’=K2X1

XO2 =X2+X1’ =X2+K2 X1

RO2=R2+R1’=R2+K2 R1

ZO2=√(𝑅2 + 𝑋2
𝑂2 𝑂2
Exact Equivalent circuit of transformer

I1 = Primary current I2 = Secondary current

V1=Primary voltage V2= Secondary terminal voltage

E1= Primary induced e.m.f. E2=Secondary induced e.m.f

R1 =Primary resistance R2= secondary resistance

X1= Primary reactance X2= Secondary reactance

I0= No load current

PROBLEMS

1) An ideal transformer has a primary winding of 100 turns and secondary winding of 50
turns. The voltage applied to the primary winding of the transformer is 230V and the
secondary winding is connected to an 1150W load. Calculate the current carried by the

primary winding of the transformer. (3 mark)


2) A single-phase, 250kVA, 11kV/415V, 50Hz transformer has 80turns on the secondary.
Calculate the
(a) approximate values of the primary (high voltage side) and secondary currents at full load

(b) approximate number of primary turns and maximum value of the flux. (6 mark)

3) A 3 phase, 50Hz, 11000/415V Delta/Star, 6kVAtransformer is operating with a flux


of0.05Wb. Find (i) number of HV and LV turns per phase (ii) EMF per turn (iii) Full load HV
and LV phase currents.(6 mark)
4) A 25kVA 2200/220V, 50Hz single phase transformer has the following resistance and
leakage reactance. R1 = 0.8Ω, R2 = 0.009Ω, X1 = 3.2Ω, X2 = 0.03Ω. Calculate equivalent
resistance referred to primary and secondary and equivalent reactance referred to
primary and secondary.(6 mark)

5) A 2200/250V transformer takes 0.5 A at a pf of 0.3 on open circuit. Find magnetizing and
working components of no load primary current. (6 mark)

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