Scribd
Upload
2 views

IM Module 15

The document discusses the phasor diagram of a transformer, focusing on the primary and secondary voltage components, resistance, and reactance. It explains how to calculate equivalent resistance and reactance referred to both primary and secondary sides, along with various load power factors. Additionally, it includes problems related to transformer calculations, such as current, turns, and equivalent values.

Uploaded by

alwingracious02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

IM Module 15

The document discusses the phasor diagram of a transformer, focusing on the primary and secondary voltage components, resistance, and reactance. It explains how to calculate equivalent resistance and reactance referred to both primary and secondary sides, along with various load power factors. Additionally, it includes problems related to transformer calculations, such as current, turns, and equivalent values.

Uploaded by

alwingracious02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Transformer phasor diagram neglecting internal voltage drop for different loads is given in

figure(internal voltage drop neglected)

Transformer with resistance and leakage reactance

Consider a transformer as shown in figure

The primary voltage V1 has now three components

1. I1R1 the drop across the resistance ,in phase with I1

2. I1X1 the drop across the reactance,leadind I1 by 90o

3.-E1 the induced e.m.f. which opposes V1.

V1=-E1+I1R1+jI1X1

V1=-E1+I1(R1+jX1)

V1=-E1+I1Z1

The secondary induced e.m.f. also has three components.

1. I2R2 the drop across the resistance ,in phase with I2


2. I2X2 the drop across the reactance,leadind I2 by 90o
3. V2 the terminal voltage across the load
E2=V2+I2R2+jI2X2
E2=V2+I2(R2+jX2)
E2=V2+I2Z2
we know that I2=I2’+IO

The phasor diagram for the transformer on load depends on the nature of the load power factor.let
us consider the various cases of the load power factor.

Resistive load

Unity power factor load .cos Φ 2=1, V2I2 are in phase

Capacitive load
Leading power factor load . I2 leads V2 by Φ 2

Inductive load

Lagging power factor load . I2 lags V2 by Φ 2

EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE AS REFERRED TO BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

TRANSFORMER WITH RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE

 Resistance of primary winding is represented by R1and that of secondary is represented by


R2,it represent the voltage drop in the transformer.
 The reactance of primary winding is represented by X1 and that of secondary is represented
by X2,it represents the leakage flux in the transformer.

Two independent circuit can be resolved in to single circuit to make calculation simpler
Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to primary.

X2’=X2/K2 and X1’=K2X1

XO1 =X1+X2’ =X1+X2/K2

RO1=R1+R2’=R1+R2/K2

ZO1=√(𝑅2 + 𝑋2
𝑂1 𝑂1

Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to secondary.

X2’=X2/K2 and X1’=K2X1

XO2 =X2+X1’ =X2+K2 X1

RO2=R2+R1’=R2+K2 R1

ZO2=√(𝑅2 + 𝑋2
𝑂2 𝑂2
Exact Equivalent circuit of transformer

I1 = Primary current I2 = Secondary current

V1=Primary voltage V2= Secondary terminal voltage

E1= Primary induced e.m.f. E2=Secondary induced e.m.f

R1 =Primary resistance R2= secondary resistance

X1= Primary reactance X2= Secondary reactance

I0= No load current

PROBLEMS

1) An ideal transformer has a primary winding of 100 turns and secondary winding of 50
turns. The voltage applied to the primary winding of the transformer is 230V and the
secondary winding is connected to an 1150W load. Calculate the current carried by the

primary winding of the transformer. (3 mark)


2) A single-phase, 250kVA, 11kV/415V, 50Hz transformer has 80turns on the secondary.
Calculate the
(a) approximate values of the primary (high voltage side) and secondary currents at full load

(b) approximate number of primary turns and maximum value of the flux. (6 mark)

3) A 3 phase, 50Hz, 11000/415V Delta/Star, 6kVAtransformer is operating with a flux


of0.05Wb. Find (i) number of HV and LV turns per phase (ii) EMF per turn (iii) Full load HV
and LV phase currents.(6 mark)
4) A 25kVA 2200/220V, 50Hz single phase transformer has the following resistance and
leakage reactance. R1 = 0.8Ω, R2 = 0.009Ω, X1 = 3.2Ω, X2 = 0.03Ω. Calculate equivalent
resistance referred to primary and secondary and equivalent reactance referred to
primary and secondary.(6 mark)

5) A 2200/250V transformer takes 0.5 A at a pf of 0.3 on open circuit. Find magnetizing and
working components of no load primary current. (6 mark)

You might also like