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COMMUNICATION

The Communication Cycle outlines the process of sending, receiving, and responding to messages, consisting of seven elements: Sender, Message, Encoding, Channel, Receiver, Decoding, and Response/Feedback. It also discusses various types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual), their advantages and disadvantages, and the importance of clarity, conciseness, correctness, and other principles in effective communication. Additionally, it highlights barriers to communication and measures to overcome them, such as active listening and using simple language.

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10 views

COMMUNICATION

The Communication Cycle outlines the process of sending, receiving, and responding to messages, consisting of seven elements: Sender, Message, Encoding, Channel, Receiver, Decoding, and Response/Feedback. It also discusses various types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual), their advantages and disadvantages, and the importance of clarity, conciseness, correctness, and other principles in effective communication. Additionally, it highlights barriers to communication and measures to overcome them, such as active listening and using simple language.

Uploaded by

69172
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION CYCLE

Communication Cycle refers to the process by which a message is sent from


a source, received by a recipient, and responded to by the recipient in a
certain medium.

Communication cycle consists of seven elements:


i) Sender
ii) Message
iii) Encoding
iv) Channel
v) Receiver
vi) Decoding
vii)Response/Feedback
i) SENDER – The sender is an individual, group, or an organization that
begins the communication.

ii) MESSAGE – A message is a communication shared by the sender with an


individual, group or an organization.

iii) ENCODING – It is the process of turning thoughts into communication


using symbols, words, or pictures.

iv) CHANNEL - It is the medium through which the message is delivered to


the intended audience example – email or speech.

v) RECEIVER – The receiver can be an individual, grup, or an organization


who receives the message.
vi) DECODING – The process of interpreting and understanding the
message.

vii) RESPONSE/FEEDBAC – The process of conveying feedback on


understanding of the message to the sender.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

VERBAL NON - VERBAL WRITTEN VISUAL


COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
VERBAL
i.e. , Communicating orally.
COMMUNICATION

NON - VERBAL
COMMUNICATION i.e. , Communicating using body language, gestures or tone and pitch.

WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION i.e. , Communicating via handwritten or printed information.

VISUAL
COMMUNICATION i.e. , Communicating via pictures, logos, posters, maps or charts etc.
VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

ORAL WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

ORAL COMMUNICATION: It is the most common means of communication.


It implies communication through spoken words.

ADVANTAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

• Oral communication is interpersonal.


• It is time-saving means of communication.
• The feedback in case of oral communication is instantaneous.
• It helps in immediate resolution of conflicts and disputes.
DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

• It is not wise to rely on oral communication, as there is a high chance of


messages being distorted due to the presence of various barriers.
• Long messages cannot be conveyed orally. If the message is long, there is
a chance that the receiver would forget the initial points that were said.
• Oral communication is not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady.
• It is not a complete form of communication.
• It is not possible to represent thing officially, legally and for another
purpose that requires recorded information.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: Written communication refers to
communicating through written words.

ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

• Written communication is an authoritative document, and provides a


permanent record of the communication. Therefore, it is a highly reliable
means of communication.
• It is suitable for long distance communication.
• It is easy to circulate and can be sent to many people at the same time.
• Statistical data can be presented only in written form.
DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

• Written communication is a time-consuming process.


• Written communication acts as a record, so it cannot be changed once it has
been circulated.
• There is no scope for immediate clarification in the case of written
communication.
• Effective communication in the written form requires good writing skills,
which not all people may have.
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Non-verbal communication refers to the communication that happens in the


absence of spoken words or written words. Here the message is conveyed
through facial expressions, gestures, body movements and posture.

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Facial Expressions Touch

Body Posture Eye Contact

Gestures
Space
(Hand movements)
ADVANTAGES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Non – verbal communication adds meaning to spoken communication.


• Information can be presented more effectively using visual and audio-visual
means of communication.
• Non-verbal communication is quick and immediate.
• Non-verbal messages can substitute the spoken message.
DISADVANTAGES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Non – verbal communication cannot be used to convey long and detailed


messages.
• Some types of non-verbal communication are specific to certain cultures,
while others are universal.
• Non-verbal communication lacks clarity.
VISUAL COMMUNICATION

• Visual communication is a means to communicate ideas through logos, signs,


codes, symbols, images and pictures.

ADVANTAGES OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION

• Visual aids enhance oral and written communication.


• It is easy to convey an idea using visual communication tools.
• It adds variety to the written or oral presentations.
• It can be used to explain complex ideas.
DISADVANTAGES OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION

• There is a huge possibility to the visual tools not being designed or


presented well.
• All the topics cannot be present using visual communication tools.
• Using visual communication tools is expensive.
FORMAL COMMUNICATION

• Formal communication can be both oral and written. All official


communications are examples of formal communication. Conferences,
formal letters, emails are all examples of formal communication.

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

• It is casual and spontaneous and does not conform to any rule, process, or
system as formal communication does.
7 Cs OF COMMUNICATION

• CLEAR – While communicating with someone, it is important to be clear


about the goal or message.
• CONCISE – While communicating, it is necessary to be precise and to stick
to the point.
• CORRECT – Correct communication is one that gives accurate
information.
• CONCRETE – A concrete message is specific and to the point, and not
vague and general.
• COHERENT – When your message is coherent, it is logical.
7 Cs OF COMMUNICATION

• COMPLETE – A communication must be complete, that is, it should


include all the required information.
• COURTEOUS – Courteous communication is friendly, open, honest, and
does not contain any hidden insults or passive-aggressive tone.
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• PHYSICAL BARRIER – Communication become less effective when the


receiver is not able to see the non-verbal cues, such as gesture, posture and
general body language.
• LANGUAGE – It becomes difficult when people do not understand each
other’s language.
• VISUAL PERCEPTION – Different people have different visual perceptions.
• PAST EXPERIENCE – The past experiences of a person regarding a work
situation or colleague may affect communication.
MEASURES TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

ACTIVE LISTENING – Active listening involves concentrating fully on what is


being said rather than just hearing the message. The listener must listen attentively,
otherwise the speaker may feel that the listener finds the message uninteresting.

USING SIMPLE LANGUAGE – Simple language increases the chances of the


message being understood clearly by the receiver.

GIVING CONSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK – It is important to ensure that feedback is


constructive in nature. It should enable the speaker to communicate better.

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