DC GENERATORS RATING

AND EFFICIENCY
 GENERATOR
 Electrical Machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

POWER INPUT
 The power received by the dynamo
Pin= E*Ia=Pout + Ploss

POWER OUTPUT
 The power delivered by a dynamo
Pout=V*Il
Recall:
1 hp=746 W=33,000 ft.lb

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉∗𝐼𝑙
Efficiency= 𝑥 100 = 𝑥 100
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝐸∗𝐼𝑎
 Dynamo
Losses Losses Affected by How it is Determined and
computation
Rotational or stray power loss
Friction
a. Bearing
b. Brush Speed changes
c. Windage
Armature Core
a. Hysteresis-which are magnetic in nature, which Usually by test
cause magnetization or demagnetization of the 1. No –load test
revolving armature core. Speed and flux changes 2. Open Circuit Method
b. Eddy Current-which is electromagnetic in nature, 3. Short Circuit Method
generated voltages in the iron near the outside
surface area greater than those closer to the
center of the shaft because of the higher speed.

Copper:
Armature winding
Interpole – use to overcome the effects of reactance Ia^2 x Ra
and self induction of the machine. Load Ia^2 x Ri
Series field Ia^2 x Rse or Il^2 x Rse
Compensating winding – use to compensate and add Ia^2 x Rc
resistance to the armature winding. Terminal Voltage changes (1 to 6) x Ia
Brush contact Et x Ise
Diverter
Shunt field…….
Stray load Flux distortion and commutation 1% of output for machines 150 kw (200 hp) and over
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A 5 kw generator has a total loss of 700 watts when operating at full load.Calculate the per cent efficiency
2. A 50 kw generator has full load efficiency of 90.5 per cent. Determine the total losses.
3. The following information is given in connection with a 10 kw 250 V long shunt compound generator: shunt field
resistance=125 ohms;armature and interpole resistance=0.4 ohm;series field resistance=0.05 ohm;stray power loss=
540 watts;brush drop at full load (assumed)=2 volts. Calculate the efficiency of the generator at full load. All
resistances are given for a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius.
4. A 200 kw 220 V long shunt compound generator is operated at the proper armature and speed, from which the
rotational loss calculations are determined to be 705 W. The shunt field resistance is 110 ohms, armature resistance
is 0.0265 ohms and the series field resistance is 0.035 ohms, assuming a 2 V brush drop and a stray load loss is
equivalent to one percent of output power, calculate the full load efficiency.
5. The following is given in connection with a short shunt compound generator, output voltage= 220 V, output= 40 kw,
stray load loss= 850 W, rotational loss=quarter of the stray load loss Rsh= 110 ohms, Ra= 0.0365 ohms, Rse=0.035
ohms, Ri= 0.04 ohm, brush drop= 2 V.Calculate the efficiency of the machine.
6. A 250 kw 230 V short shunt compound generator is operated at the proper armature and speed, from which the
rotational loss calculations are determined to be 800 W. The shunt field resistance is 120 ohms, armature resistance
is 0.03 ohms ,series field resistance is 0.025 ohms and compensating winding of 0.035 ohm, assuming a 1.8 V brush
drop and a stray load loss is equivalent to one percent of output power, calculate the full load efficiency.
7. The following is given in connection with a long shunt compound generator, output voltage= 220 V, output= 80 kw,
stray load loss= 900 W, rotational loss=half of the stray load loss Rsh= 120 ohms, Ra= 0.04 ohms, Rse=0.045 ohms,
brush drop= 1.2 V.Calculate the efficiency of the machine at half load.
8. A 230 kw 400 V short shunt compound generator is operated at the proper armature and speed, from which the
frictional loss calculations are determined to be 950 W. The shunt field resistance is 130 ohms, armature resistance
is 0.035 ohms ,series field resistance is 0.045 ohms and compensating winding of 0.04 ohm., assuming a 2 V brush
drop and a stray load loss is equivalent to one percent of output power, calculate the quarter load efficiency.
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
9. The following information is given in connection with a 20 kw 230 V long shunt compound generator: shunt
field resistance=120 ohms;armature and interpole resistance=0.035 ohm;series field resistance=0.045 ohm;stray
power loss= 900 watts;brush drop at full load (assumed)=2 volts. Calculate the efficiency of the generator at full
load and the generated emf.
10. A 220 kw 400 V long shunt compound generator is operated at the proper armature and speed, from which
the rotational loss calculations are determined to be 850 W. The shunt field resistance is 130 ohms, armature
resistance is 0.035 ohms and the series field resistance is 0.0365 ohms, assuming a 2 V brush drop and a stray
load loss is equivalent to one percent of output power, calculate the full load efficiency.
11. The following is given in connection with a short shunt compound generator, output voltage= 220 V, output=
60 kw, stray load loss= 750 W, rotational loss=quarter of the stray load loss Rsh= 130 ohms, Ra= 0.0465 ohms,
Rse=0.0365 ohms, Ri= 0.045 ohm, brush drop= 2 V.Calculate the efficiency and the generated emf of the
machine at quarter load.