CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION – RCC UG TANK

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CONTENT

 Types of Cracks

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 Why Should We Control The Cracks

 IS 3370 Recommendation for Crack Width

 Crack Width Calculation

 Crack Width Calculation due to Bending

 Crack Width Calculation due to Direct Tension

 Crack Width Calculation due to Combine Bending and Direct Tension

 TYPES OF CRACKS

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TYPES OF CRACKS

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 Cracks due to Direct Tension  Cracks due to Bending  Cracks due to Shear

Structural Cracks

Non-Structural Cracks

 Cracks due to Shrinkage  Cracks due to Heat of Hydration  Cracks due to Corrosion
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WHY SHOULD WE CONTROL THE
CRACKS
WHY SHOULD WE CONTROL THE CRACKS

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Leakage

Appearance Corrosion
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IS 3370 RECOMMENDATION FOR
CRACK WIDTH
IS 3370 RECOMMENDATION FOR CRACK WIDTH

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CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION

 Crack Width Calculation due to Bending

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 Crack Width Calculation due to Direct Tension

 Crack Width Calculation due to Combine Bending and Direct Tension

STEPS FOR CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION

Determine Neutral Axis (X) & Lever Arm (Z)

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1.

2. Strain Resisted Due To Stiffening Effect Of Concrete

3. Service Strain At Considered Level

4. Average Strain

5. Design Surface Crack Width

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO BENDING
# Design Surface Crack Width

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3𝑎𝐶𝑟 𝜀𝑚
𝜔=
2(𝑎𝐶𝑟 −𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 )
1+ 𝐷−𝑥

2
𝑆 ⅆ𝑏
𝑎𝑐𝑟 = + 𝑑 ′2 −
2 2
Where,
• 𝜔 = Design Surface Crack Width
• 𝜀𝑚 = Average Strain
• 𝑎𝐶𝑟 = Distance From Point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
• S = Spacing of Bars
• d’ = Effective Concrete Cover
• db = Dia of Bar
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO BENDING
Where,
# Average Strain

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• 𝜀1 = Strain at the level considered
𝜀𝑚 = 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
• 𝜀2 = Strain resisted due to stiffening effect of concrete bet. Cracks
# Service Strain
• 𝜀𝑠𝑡 = Strain due to Service Stress
𝐷−𝑥
𝜀1 = 𝜀𝑠𝑡 • D = Overall depth of The Member
𝑑−𝑥
• d = Effective Depth
𝑓𝑠𝑡
𝜀𝑠𝑡 = • 𝑥 = Depth of Neutral Axis
𝐸𝑠

𝑀 • 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = Area of Tension Reinf.

𝑓𝑠𝑡 = ≯ 0.5𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑧
• 𝑓𝑠𝑡 = Service Stress

• 𝑀 = Service Moment

• 𝑧 = Lever Arm
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO BENDING
# Strain Resisted Due to Stiffening Effect of Concrete

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• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.2mm Where,

• 𝑏𝑡 = Width of Section at Centroid of Tension Reinf.

𝑏𝑡 𝐷 − 𝑥 𝑎′ − 𝑥
𝜀2 =
3𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥 • D = Overall depth of The Member

• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.1mm • d = Effective Depth

1.5 𝑏𝑡 𝐷 − 𝑥 𝑎′ − 𝑥 • 𝑥 = Depth of Neutral Axis
𝜀2 =
3𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥
• 𝑎′ = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack

width is being calculated

• 𝐴𝑠 = Area of Tension Reinf.

• 𝐸𝑠 = Modulus of Elasticity of Reinf.

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO BENDING
# Depth of Neutral Axis Where,

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• m = Modular Ratio
−𝑚𝐴𝑠𝑡 + 𝑚𝐴𝑠𝑡 2 + 2𝑚 ⅆ𝑏𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑥= • db = Dia of Bar
𝑏
• b = Width of the Section
# Lever Arm
• 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = Area of Tension Reinforcement
• For Singly Reinforced Sections

𝑥
𝑧=𝑑−
3

280
𝑚=
3 × 𝜎𝑏𝑐
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO DIRECT TENSION
# Design Surface Crack Width

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𝜔 = 3𝑎𝐶𝑟 𝜀𝑚

2
𝑆 ⅆ𝑏
𝑎𝑐𝑟 = + 𝑑′2 −
2 2

Where,
• 𝜔 = Design Surface Crack Width
• 𝜀𝑚 = Average Strain
• 𝑎𝐶𝑟 = Distance From Point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
• S = Spacing of Bars
• d’ = Effective Concrete Cover
• db = Dia of Bar
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO DIRECT TENSION
# Average Strain Where,

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𝜀𝑚 = 𝜀1 − 𝜀2 • 𝜀1 = Strain at the level considered

• 𝜀2 = Strain resisted due to stiffening effect of concrete bet. Cracks

# Service Strain
• 𝜀𝑠𝑡 = Strain due to Service Stress
𝜀1 = 𝜀𝑠𝑡
• 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = Area of Tension Reinf.
𝑓𝑠𝑡
𝜀𝑠𝑡 = • 𝑓𝑠𝑡 = Service Stress
𝐸𝑠

𝑇 • 𝐸𝑠 = Modulus of Elasticity of Reinf

𝑓𝑠𝑡 =
𝐴𝑠𝑡
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO DIRECT TENSION
# Strain Resisted Due to Stiffening Effect of Concrete

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• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.2mm Where,

• 𝑏𝑡 = Width of Section at Centroid of Tension Reinf.

2𝑏𝑡 𝐷
𝜀2 =
3𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠 • D = Overall depth of The Member

• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.1mm • 𝐴𝑠 = Area of Tension Reinf.
𝑏𝑡 𝐷 • 𝐸𝑠 = Modulus of Elasticity of Reinf.
𝜀2 =
𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATION DUE TO COMBINE BENDING AND
DIRECT TENSION

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2
𝑀 𝑑 𝑑′
ⅇ= 𝑒lim = 1−2
𝑇 2 D

 If e ≤ elim …………………….. Tension Predominates

 If e > elim …………………….. Flexure Predominates

CASE 1 : TENSION PREDOMINATES
# Design Surface Crack Width

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𝜔 = 3𝑎𝐶𝑟 𝜀𝑚

2
𝑆 ⅆ𝑏
𝑎𝑐𝑟 = + 𝑑′2 −
2 2
Where,
• 𝜔 = Design Surface Crack Width
• 𝜀𝑚 = Average Strain
• 𝑎𝐶𝑟 = Distance From Point considered to the surface of the nearest
longitudinal bar
• S = Spacing of Bars
• d’ = Effective Concrete Cover
• db = Dia of Bar
CASE 1 : TENSION PREDOMINATES
Where,
# Average Strain

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• 𝜀1 = Strain at the level considered
𝜀𝑚 = 𝜀1 − 𝜀2
• 𝜀2 = Strain resisted due to stiffening effect of concrete bet. Cracks
# Service Strain
• 𝜀𝑠1 & 𝜀𝑠2 = Strain in Reinforcement
𝑑 𝑓𝑠1
𝜀1 = 𝜀𝑠1 + 𝜀𝑔 𝜀𝑠1 =
𝐷 𝐸𝑠 • 𝜀𝑔 = Strain Gradient
𝑓𝑠2
𝜀𝑠1 − 𝜀𝑠2 𝜀𝑠2 = • 𝑓𝑠1 & 𝑓𝑠1 = Service Stress in Reinforcement
𝜀𝑔 = 𝐸𝑠
𝐷 − 2𝑑′
• 𝜌1 & 𝜌2 = Percentage of Reinf.
𝑇 𝑀
𝑓𝑠1 = + • D = Overall depth of The Member
2𝑏𝐷𝜌1 𝑑′
2𝑏𝐷2 0.5 − 𝐷
• d' = Effective Cover
𝑇 𝜌1 𝑓𝑠1
𝑓𝑠2 = − • 𝑀 = Service Moment
𝑏𝐷𝜌2 𝜌2
• 𝐸𝑠 = Modulus of Elasticity
CASE 1 : TENSION PREDOMINATES
# Strain Resisted Due to Stiffening Effect of Concrete

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• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.2mm Where,

• 𝑏𝑡 = Width of Section at Centroid of Tension Reinf.

2𝑏𝑡 𝐷
𝜀2 =
3𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠 • D = Overall depth of The Member

• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.1mm • 𝐴𝑠 = Area of Tension Reinf.
𝑏𝑡 𝐷 • 𝐸𝑠 = Modulus of Elasticity of Reinf.
𝜀2 =
𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠
CASE 2 : FLEXURE PREDOMINATES
# Design Surface Crack Width Where,

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• 𝜔 = Design Surface Crack Width
3𝑎𝐶𝑟 𝜀𝑚
𝜔= • 𝜀𝑚 = Average Strain
2(𝑎𝐶𝑟 −𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 )
1+ • 𝑎𝐶𝑟 = Distance From Point considered to the surface of the nearest
𝐷−𝑥
longitudinal bar
2 • S = Spacing of Bars
𝑆 2
∅
𝑎𝑐𝑟 = + (𝑑") − • d” = Effective Concrete Cover
2 2
• ∅ = Dia of Bar
• 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = Clear Cover
CASE 2 : FLEXURE PREDOMINATES
# Average Strain

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𝜀𝑚 = 𝜀1 − 𝜀2

# Service Strain

𝐷−𝑥
𝜀1 = 𝜀𝑠1
D − 𝑥 − ⅆ"
𝑓𝑠1
𝜀𝑠1 =
𝐸𝑠
𝐷 − 𝑑" − 𝑥
𝑓𝑆1 = 𝑚𝑓𝐶𝑏
𝑥

𝑇
𝑓𝑐𝑏 =
𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
CASE 2 : FLEXURE PREDOMINATES
# Strain Resisted Due to Stiffening Effect of Concrete

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• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.2mm Where,

• 𝑏𝑡 = Width of Section at Centroid of Tension Reinf.

𝑏𝑡 𝐷 − 𝑥 𝑎′ − 𝑥
𝜀2 =
3𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠1 𝑑 − 𝑥 • D = Overall depth of The Member

• For a Limiting Design Surface Crack Width of 0.1mm • d = Effective Depth

1.5 𝑏𝑡 𝐷 − 𝑥 𝑎′ − 𝑥 • 𝑥 = Depth of Neutral Axis
𝜀2 =
3𝐸𝑠𝐴𝑠1 𝑑 − 𝑥
• 𝑎′ = Distance from compression face to the point at which the crack

width is being calculated

• 𝐴𝑠1 = Area of Tension Reinf.

• 𝐸𝑠 = Modulus of Elasticity of Reinf.

CASE 2 : FLEXURE PREDOMINATES

# Depth of Neutral Axis

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1 𝐷 𝑥 𝑀
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑥 𝑦1 = − 𝑎𝑦1 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑦3 + 𝑎+𝑏−𝑐 =0
2 2 3 𝑇

𝐷
𝑥 − 𝑑′ 𝑦2 = − 𝑑′
𝑏 = 1.5 m −1 𝐴𝑆2 2
𝑥

𝐷 − 𝑑" − 𝑥 𝐷
𝑐 = 𝑚𝐴𝑠1 𝑦3 = − 𝑑"
𝑥 2
 THANK YOU

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