Geometry and Trigonometry questions [987 marks]

−
→

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1.

2.
[Maximum mark: 15]
Points A and B have coordinates (1,

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)

(b)
Express AB in terms of m.

The line L, which passes through B, has equation r

Find the value of m.

Consider a unit vector u, such that u

p > 0.

Point C is such that BC

Find the coordinates of C.

[Maximum mark: 7]

= 10 −
7

4
t
2
= 9u

≥ 0
1, 2)

In this question, all lengths are in metres and time is in seconds.

and (9,

= pi −

Consider two particles, P and P , which start to move at the same time.

is given by s(t)
1 2

Find an expression for the velocity of P at time t.

Particle P also moves in a straight line. The position of P is

given by r
2

= (
−1

6
) + t(
4

−3
) .
1
m,

Particle P moves in a straight line such that its displacement from a fixed-point
1

, for t .

⎜⎟
⎛

j +
−3

−19

24

3
⎞

⎠
+ s

, where
k

2
20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_9
− 6) respectively.

⎝
−5
⎠
2

4
⎞

.
[2]

[5]

[8]

20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_7

[2]
 The speed of P is greater than the speed of P when t
1 2 > q .

Find the value of q. [5]

3. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.T_1

Iron in the asteroid 16 Psyche is said to be valued at 8973 quadrillion euros (EUR)
, where one quadrillion = 10
15
.

(a) Write down the value of the iron in the form a × 10 where
k

1 ≤ a < 10 , k ∈ Z . [2]

James believes the asteroid is approximately spherical with radius 113 km. He
uses this information to estimate its volume.

(b) Calculate James’s estimate of its volume, in km .3

[2]

(c) The actual volume of the asteroid is found to be

6. 074 × 10
6
km
3
.

Find the percentage error in James’s estimate of the volume. [2]

4. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_2

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC.
 AC = 15 cm, BC = 10 cm , and AB̂C = θ .

Let sin CÂB = .

√3

(a) Given that AB̂C is acute, find sin θ. [3]

(b) Find cos (2 × CAB)

ˆ . [3]

5. [Maximum mark: 15] 20N.2.SL.TZ0.T_3

Using geometry software, Pedro draws a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 8 cm and
CD = 9 cm. Angle BAD = 51. 5° and angle ADB = 52. 5°. This information

is shown in the diagram.

 (a) Calculate the length of BD. [3]

CE = 7 cm , where point E is the midpoint of BD.

(b) Show that angle EDC = 48. 0° , correct to three significant

figures. [4]

(c) Calculate the area of triangle BDC. [3]

(d) Pedro draws a circle, with centre at point E, passing through

point C. Part of the circle is shown in the diagram.

Show that point A lies outside this circle. Justify your

reasoning. [5]

6. [Maximum mark: 14] 20N.2.SL.TZ0.S_8

The following diagram shows a water wheel with centre O and radius 10 metres.
Water flows into buckets, turning the wheel clockwise at a constant speed.

The height, h metres, of the top of a bucket above the ground t seconds after it
passes through point A is modelled by the function

π π
h(t) = 13 + 8 cos(
18
t) − 6 sin(
18
t) , for t ≥ 0 .
(a.i) Find the height of point A above the ground. [2]

(a.ii) Calculate the number of seconds it takes for the water wheel to
complete one rotation. [2]

(a.iii) Hence find the number of rotations the water wheel makes in
one hour. [2]

A bucket moves around to point B which is at a height of 4. 06 metres above the

ground. It takes k seconds for the top of this bucket to go from point A to point
B.

(b) Find k. [3]

The chord [AB] is 17. 0 metres, correct to three significant figures.

(c) Find AOB

ˆ
. [3]
 (d) Determine the rate of change of h when the top of the bucket is
at B. [2]

7. [Maximum mark: 7] 20N.2.SL.TZ0.S_7

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 1 cm. Points A
π
and B lie on the circumference of the circle and AÔB = 2θ , where 0 < θ <
2
.

The tangents to the circle at A and B intersect at point C.

(a) Show that AC = tan θ . [1]

(b) Find the value of θ when the area of the shaded region is equal
to the area of sector OADB. [6]

8. [Maximum mark: 20] 20N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_11

A particle P moves in a straight line such that after time t seconds, its velocity, v
π
in m s −1
, is given by v = e
−3t
, where 0
sin 6 t < t <
2
.
 (a) Find the times when P comes to instantaneous rest. [2]

At time t, P has displacement s(t); at time t ,

= 0 s(0) = 0 .

(b) Find an expression for s in terms of t. [7]

(c) Find the maximum displacement of P , in metres, from its initial

position. [2]

(d) Find the total distance travelled by P in the first 1. 5 seconds of

its motion. [2]

At successive times when the acceleration of P is 0 m s , the velocities of P−2

form a geometric sequence. The acceleration of P is zero at times t , t , t 1 2 3

where t < t < t and the respective velocities are v , v , v .

1 2 3 1 2 3

(e.i) Show that, at these times, tan 6t = 2 . [2]

π
(e.ii) Hence show that
v2
=
v3
= −e
−
2
. [5]
v1 v2

9. [Maximum mark: 16] 20N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_10

The plane Π has equation 3x − y + z
1 = −13 and the line L has vector

equation

1 −3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

r = 2 + λ −1 , λ ∈ R .
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
−2 4

(a) Given that L meets Π at the point P, find the coordinates of P.

1 [4]

(b) Find the shortest distance from the point O(0, 0, 0) to Π .1 [4]

The plane Π contains the point O and the line L.

2
 (c) Find the equation of Π , giving your answer in the form
2

r. n = d. [3]

(d) Determine the acute angle between Π and Π . 1 2 [5]

10. [Maximum mark: 20] 20N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_11

A particle P moves in a straight line such that after time t seconds, its velocity, v
π
in m s −1
, is given by v = e
−3t
sin 6 t, where 0 < t <
2
.

(a) Find the times when P comes to instantaneous rest. [2]

At time t, P has displacement s(t); at time t = 0 s(0) = 0, .

(b) Find an expression for s in terms of t. [7]

(c) Find the maximum displacement of P , in metres, from its initial

position. [2]

(d) Find the total distance travelled by P in the first 1. 5 seconds of

its motion. [2]

At successive times when the acceleration of P is 0 m s , the velocities of P −2

form a geometric sequence. The acceleration of P is zero at times t , t , t 1 2 3

where t < t < t and the respective velocities are v , v , v .

1 2 3 1 2 3

(e.i) Show that, at these times, tan 6t = 2 . [2]

π
(e.ii) Hence show that
v2
=
v3
= −e
−
2
. [5]
v1 v2

11. [Maximum mark: 8] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_6

Let f (x) = 4 cos ( x

2
) + 1 , for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 6π . Find the values of x for
which f (x) > 2√ 2 + 1 . [8]
−
−

−
−
12.

→
→

13.

14.
[Maximum mark: 17]

Point C has position vector

Find, in terms of k,

(a.i)

(a.ii)

(b)

(c)
OA ∙ OC

OB ∙ OC
.

Given that AOC

ˆ

⎜⎟
The points A and B have position vectors

ˆ
−1

= BOC
⎞
k

0
⎠
⎛

⎝
−2

−4

, show that k

Calculate the area of triangle AOC.

[Maximum mark: 5]
Three planes have equations:

2x − y + z = 5

x + 3y − z = 4

3x − 5y + az = b

points of intersection.

[Maximum mark: 7]
, where a, b ∈ R .
⎞

⎠
4 and

. Let O be the origin.

= 7 .

Find the set of values of a and b such that the three planes have no
6
⎛ ⎞

8
⎝ ⎠
0
19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_9

respectively.

[2]

[1]

[8]

[6]

19N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_3

[5]

19N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_4
−
−

−
−
→

→
→

→
⎛
15.

16.

10 − 2p
A

⎜⎟
and B are acute angles such that cos A

Show that cos (2A + B)

[Maximum mark: 6]

and p.

[Maximum mark: 17]

tetrahedron.

(a.i)
⎞

(a.ii)

(b.i)

(b.ii)
Show that AB × AV

expression for AC × AV.

ACV
= −

A straight line, L , has vector equation r

=
5
⎛ ⎞

⎝ ⎠
0
0 + λ

p
⎛

⎝
θ

sin θ

cos θ

The plane Π , has equation x

⎠
⎞

=
2√ 2

27

, λ, θ ∈ R

= −10

2
.

= p, p ∈ R
−

6p −40p+100
4√ 5

27

Show that the angle between L and Π is independent of both θ

p

Consider the case where the faces ABV and ACV are perpendicular.

Find the two possible coordinates of V.

=

.
.

Hence, show that, if the angle between the faces ABV and
is θ, then cos θ
p(3p−20)

Comment on the positions of V in relation to the plane ABC.

.
2

3
and sin B

⎠
=
1

19N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_11
Points A(0 , 0 , 10) , B(0 , 10 , 0) , C(10 , 0 , 0) , V(p , p , p) form the vertices of a
.

and find a similar

[7]

19N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_8

[6]

[3]

[5]

[3]

[1]
 The following diagram shows the graph of θ against p. The maximum point is
shown by X.

(c.i) At X, find the value of p and the value of θ. [3]

(c.ii) Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph. [2]

17. [Maximum mark: 14] 19N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_9

(a) Given that cos 75 ∘
= q , show that cos 105 ∘
= −q . [1]

In the following diagram, the points A, B, C and D are on the circumference of a

circle with centre O and radius r. [AC] is a diameter of the circle. BC = r,
∧ ∧

AD = CD and ABC = ADC = 90

∘
.
 (b) ∧

Show that BAD = 75

∘
. [3]

(c.i) By considering triangle ABD, show that

BD
2
= 5r
2 2
− 2r q√ 6 . [4]

(c.ii) By considering triangle CBD, find another expression for BD 2

in terms of r and q. [3]

(d) Use your answers to part (c) to show that cos 75 ∘

=
1
. [3]
√ 6+√ 2

18. [Maximum mark: 6] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.S_6

The diagram below shows a triangular-based pyramid with base ADC
.
Edge BD is perpendicular to the edges AD and CD.
 [6]

AC = 28.4 cm , AB = x cm , BC = x + 2 cm , AB̂C = 0.667 ,

ˆ
BAD = 0.611

Calculate AD

19. [Maximum mark: 14] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.S_10

A rocket is travelling in a straight line, with an initial velocity of 140 m s−1. It
accelerates to a new velocity of 500 m s−1 in two stages.

During the first stage its acceleration, a m s−2, after t seconds is given by
a (t) = 240 sin (2t), where 0 ⩽ t ⩽ k.

(a) Find an expression for the velocity, v m s−1, of the rocket during
the first stage. [4]

The first stage continues for k seconds until the velocity of the rocket reaches
375 m s .
−1

(b) Find the distance that the rocket travels during the first stage. [4]
 (c) During the second stage, the rocket accelerates at a constant
rate. The distance which the rocket travels during the second
stage is the same as the distance it travels during the first stage.

Find the total time taken for the two stages. [6]

20. [Maximum mark: 5] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.S_2

Consider the lines L and L with respective equations
1 2

L1 : y = −
2

3
x + 9 and L2 : y =
2

5
x −
19

5
.

(a) Find the point of intersection of L and L . 1 2 [2]

A third line, L , has gradient − .

3
3
4

(b) Write down a direction vector for L . 3 [1]

(c) L3 passes through the intersection of L and L . 1 2

Write down a vector equation for L . 3 [2]

21. [Maximum mark: 7] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.S_4

The following diagram shows a right-angled triangle, ABC, with AC = 10 cm,
AB = 6 cm and BC = 8 cm.

The points D and F lie on [AC].

[BD] is perpendicular to [AC].

BEF is the arc of a circle, centred at A.

The region R is bounded by [BD], [DF] and arc BEF.

 (a) Find BAC
ˆ
. [2]

(b) Find the area of R. [5]

22. [Maximum mark: 7] 19N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_4

The following shape consists of three arcs of a circle, each with centre at the
opposite vertex of an equilateral triangle as shown in the diagram.

For this shape, calculate

(a) the perimeter. [2]

 (b) the area. [5]

23. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.1.SL.TZ1.S_6

The magnitudes of two vectors, u and v, are 4 and √3 respectively. The
angle between u and v is π

6
.

Let w = u − v. Find the magnitude of w. [7]

24. [Maximum mark: 2] 19M.1.SL.TZ1.T_1

A calculator fits into a cuboid case with height 29 mm, width 98 mm and length
186 mm.

(c) Find the volume, in cm3, of this calculator case. [2]

25. [Maximum mark: 1] 19M.1.SL.TZ1.T_8

A buoy is floating in the sea and can be seen from the top of a vertical cliff. A boat
is travelling from the base of the cliff directly towards the buoy.

The top of the cliff is 142 m above sea level. Currently the boat is 100 metres from
the buoy and the angle of depression from the top of the cliff to the boat is 64°.
26.

27.
(a)

[Maximum mark: 6]

A line, L , has equation r

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)
1

Find c.

[Maximum mark: 6]
2
=

⎜⎟
Draw and label the angle of depression on the diagram.

⎝
−3
⎞

10
⎠

Write down a vector equation for L .

+ s

2
6
⎛ ⎞

⎝ ⎠
2
0 . Point P (15,

A second line, L , is parallel to L and passes through (1, 2, 3).

Write down an equation for the area, A, of the curved surface

in terms of r.

Find dA
dr
.
9, c) lies on L .

19M.1.SL.TZ1.T_15
A cylinder with radius r and height h is shown in the following diagram.

The sum of r and h for this cylinder is 12 cm.

1
[1]

19M.1.SL.TZ1.S_2

[4]

[2]

[2]

[2]
 (c) Find the value of r when the area of the curved surface is
maximized. [2]

28. [Maximum mark: 8] 19M.1.SL.TZ1.S_3

The following diagram shows a right triangle ABC. Point D lies on AB such that
CD bisects AĈB.

AĈD = θ and AC = 14 cm

(a) Given that sin θ =

3

5
, find the value of cos θ. [3]

(b) Find the value of cos 2θ. [3]

(c) Hence or otherwise, find BC. [2]

29. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.1.SL.TZ1.T_10

Three airport runways intersect to form a triangle, ABC. The length of AB is 3.1
km, AC is 2.6 km, and BC is 2.4 km.
 A company is hired to cut the grass that grows in triangle ABC, but they need to
know the area.
(a) Find the size, in degrees, of angle BÂC. [3]

(b) Find the area, in km2, of triangle ABC. [3]

30. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.T_9

A ladder on a fire truck has its base at point B which is 4 metres above the
ground. The ladder is extended and its other end rests on a vertical wall at point
C, 16 metres above the ground. The horizontal distance between B and C is 9
metres.
 (a) Find the angle of elevation from B to C. [3]

(b) A second truck arrives whose ladder, when fully extended, is 30

metres long. The base of this ladder is also 4 metres above the
ground. For safety reasons, the maximum angle of elevation
that the ladder can make is 70º.

Find the maximum height on the wall that can be reached by

the ladder on the second truck. [3]

31. [Maximum mark: 3] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.S_7

Consider the graph of the function f (x) = 2 sin x, 0 ≤ x < 2π . The graph of f
intersects the line y = −1 exactly twice, at point A and point B. This is shown in
the following diagram.
 (b) Consider the graph of g (x) = 2 sin px , 0 ≤ x < 2π, where p > 0.

Find the greatest value of p such that the graph of g does not
intersect the line y = −1. [3]

32. [Maximum mark: 10] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.S_9

Let θ be an obtuse angle such that sin θ =
3

5
.

(a) Find the value of tan θ. [4]

(b) Line L passes through the origin and has a gradient of tan θ.
Find the equation of L. [2]

Let f (x) = e
x
sin x −
3x
4
.

(d) The following diagram shows the graph of f for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. Line

M is a tangent to the graph of f at point P.
 [4]

Given that M is parallel to L, find the x-coordinate of P.

33. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.S_2

0 0
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

Consider the vectors a = 3 and b = 6 .

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
p 18

Find the value of p for which a and b are

(a) parallel. [2]

(b) perpendicular. [4]

34. [Maximum mark: 4] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_1

2 −3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

Let a = k and b = k + 2 ,k ∈ R .
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
−1 k
 Given that a and b are perpendicular, find the possible values of k. [4]

35. [Maximum mark: 4] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_3

A sector of a circle with radius r cm , where r > 0, is shown on the
following diagram.
The sector has an angle of 1 radian at the centre.

Let the area of the sector be A cm2 and the perimeter be P cm. Given
that A = P , find the value of r. [4]

36. [Maximum mark: 20] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_11

Two distinct lines, l and l , intersect at a point P. In addition to P, four distinct
1 2

points are marked out on l and three distinct points on l . A mathematician

1 2

decides to join some of these eight points to form polygons.

(a.i) Find how many sets of four points can be selected which can
form the vertices of a quadrilateral. [2]

(a.ii) Find how many sets of three points can be selected which can
form the vertices of a triangle. [4]
−
−→ →

37.
1

vector equation r2 =

⎜⎟
The line l has vector equation r1 =

⎝
−1
⎞
0

2
⎠
+ μ

The point P has coordinates (4, 6, 4).

(b)
1
⎛ ⎞

⎝ ⎠
1

5
⎛ ⎞
6

⎝ ⎠
2
0

The point A has coordinates (3, 4, 3) and lies on l .

(c)

(e)

(a)

(b)
+ λ

,μ
⎛

.
∈ R

Verify that P is the point of intersection of the two lines.

Write down the value of λ corresponding to the point A.

The point B has coordinates (−1, 0, 2) and lies on l .

(d)
Write down PA and PB.

Find the area of the quadrilateral CDBA.

[Maximum mark: 7]

Show that sin θ =

√ 15

4
.
1
1

Let C be the point on l with coordinates (1, 0, 1) and D be the

1

point on l with parameter μ = −2.

2

Find the two possible values for the length of the third side.
⎞

,λ
⎠
∈ R and the line l has

19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_4
The lengths of two of the sides in a triangle are 4 cm and 5 cm. Let θ be the angle
between the two given sides. The triangle has an area of 5√ 15

2
cm2.
2

[3]

[1]

[2]

[8]

[1]

[6]
38. [Maximum mark: 15] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_9
(a) Show that (sin x + cos x)
2
= 1 + sin 2x . [2]

(b) Show that sec 2x + tan 2x =

cos x+sin x

cos x−sin x
. [4]

(c)
π

Hence or otherwise find ∫ 0

6
(sec 2x + tan 2x)dx in the form
ln (a + √ b) where a, b ∈ Z . [9]

39. [Maximum mark: 20] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_11

Two distinct lines, l and l , intersect at a point P. In addition to P, four distinct
1 2

points are marked out on l and three distinct points on l . A mathematician

1 2

decides to join some of these eight points to form polygons.

(a.i) Find how many sets of four points can be selected which can
form the vertices of a quadrilateral. [2]

(a.ii) Find how many sets of three points can be selected which can
form the vertices of a triangle. [4]

1 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

The line l has vector equation r1 =

1 0 + λ 2 ,λ ∈ R and the line l has
2

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
1 1

−1 5
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

vector equation r2 = 0 + μ 6 ,μ ∈ R .
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 2

The point P has coordinates (4, 6, 4).

(b) Verify that P is the point of intersection of the two lines. [3]

The point A has coordinates (3, 4, 3) and lies on l . 1

(c) Write down the value of λ corresponding to the point A. [1]

The point B has coordinates (−1, 0, 2) and lies on l . 2

−
−→ → (d)
Write down PA and PB. [2]

(e) Let C be the point on l with coordinates (1, 0, 1) and D be the

1

point on l with parameter μ = −2.

2

Find the area of the quadrilateral CDBA. [8]

40. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_2

Three points in three-dimensional space have coordinates A(0, 0, 2), B(0, 2, 0)
and C(3, 1, 0).

−→ (a.i)
Find the vector AB. [1]

−→ (a.ii)
Find the vector AC. [1]

(b) Hence or otherwise, find the area of the triangle ABC. [4]

41. [Maximum mark: 17] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_9

Consider the functions f and g defined on the domain 0 < x < 2π by

f (x) = 3 cos 2x and g (x) = 4 − 11 cos x.

The following diagram shows the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g (x)

 (a) Find the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the two
graphs. [6]

(b) Find the exact area of the shaded region, giving your answer in
the form pπ + q√3, where p, q ∈ Q . [5]

(c) At the points A and B on the diagram, the gradients of the two
graphs are equal.

Determine the y-coordinate of A on the graph of g. [6]

42. [Maximum mark: 13] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.S_8

Let f (x) = 2 sin (3x) + 4 for x ∈ R .

(a) The range of f is k ≤ f (x) ≤ m. Find k and m. [3]

Let g (x) = 5f (2x).

(b) Find the range of g. [2]

The function g can be written in the form g (x) .

= 10 sin (bx) + c

(c.i) Find the value of b and of c. [3]

 (c.ii) Find the period of g. [2]

(d) The equation g (x) = 12 has two solutions where π ≤ x ≤ 4π

. Find both solutions. [3]

43. [Maximum mark: 16] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.T_2

Olivia’s house consists of four vertical walls and a sloping roof made from two
rectangles. The height, CD, from the ground to the base of the roof is 4.5 m.

∧ ∧

The base angles of the roof are ABC = 27

∘
and ACB = 26
∘
.

The house is 10 m long and 5 m wide.

(a) Find the length AB, giving your answer to four significant
figures. [5]

The length AC is approximately 2.84 m.

(b) Find the total area of the two rectangles that make up the roof. [3]
Olivia decides to put solar panels on the roof. The solar panels are fitted to both
sides of the roof.

Each panel is 1.6 m long and 0.95 m wide. All the panels must be arranged in
uniform rows, with the shorter edge of each panel parallel to AB or AC. Each
panel must be at least 0.3 m from the edge of the roof and the top of the roof,
AF.

(c) Find the maximum number of complete panels that can be

fitted to the whole roof. [3]

Olivia estimates that the solar panels will cover an area of 29 m2.

(d) Find the percentage error in her estimate. [3]

(e) Olivia investigates arranging the panels, such that the longer
edge of each panel is parallel to AB or AC.
 State whether this new arrangement will allow Olivia to fit more [2]
solar panels to the roof. Justify your answer.

44. [Maximum mark: 16] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.S_9

Let f (x) =
16

x
. The line L is tangent to the graph of f at x = 8 .

(a) Find the gradient of L. [2]

8
L can be expressed in the form r = ( ) + t u.
2

(b) Find u. [2]

1
The direction vector of y = x is ( ) .
1

(c) Find the acute angle between y = x and L. [5]

(d.i) Find (f .
∘ f ) (x) [3]

(d.ii) Hence, write down f −1

(x) . [1]

(d.iii) Hence or otherwise, find the obtuse angle formed by the

tangent line to f at x = 8 and the tangent line to f at x = 2. [3]

45. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.S_7

−1 4
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

The vector equation of line L is given by r = 3 + t 5 .

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
8 −1

Point P is the point on L that is closest to the origin. Find the

coordinates of P. [6]
46. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.S_3
The following diagram shows the quadrilateral ABCD.

AB = 6.73 cm, BC = 4.83 cm, BĈD = 78.2° and CD = 3.80 cm.

(a) Find BD. [3]

(b) The area of triangle ABD is 18.5 cm2. Find the possible values of
θ. [4]

47. [Maximum mark: 13] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_2

An archaeological site is to be made accessible for viewing by the public. To do
this, archaeologists built two straight paths from point A to point B and from
point B to point C as shown in the following diagram. The length of path AB is
∧

185 m, the length of path BC is 250 m, and angle ABC is 125°.

(a) Find the distance from A to C. [3]

The archaeologists plan to build two more straight paths, AD and DC. For the
∧

paths to go around the site, angle BAD is to be made equal to 85° and angle
∧

BCD is to be made equal to 70° as shown in the following diagram.

(b.i) ∧

Find the size of angle BAC. [3]

(b.ii) ∧

Find the size of angle CAD. [1]

(c) ∧

Find the size of angle ACD. [2]

(d) The length of path AD is 287 m.

 Find the area of the region ABCD. [4]

48. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.S_4

OAB is a sector of the circle with centre O and radius r, as shown in the following
diagram.

The angle AOB is θ radians, where 0 < θ <

π

2
.

The point C lies on OA and OA is perpendicular to BC.

(a) Show that OC = r cos θ . [1]

(b) Find the area of triangle OBC in terms of r and θ. [2]

(c) Given that the area of triangle OBC is 3

5
of the area of sector
OAB, find θ. [4]

49. [Maximum mark: 15] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_3

A factory packages coconut water in cone-shaped containers with a base radius
of 5.2 cm and a height of 13 cm.
 (a) Find the volume of one cone-shaped container. [2]

(b) Find the slant height of the cone-shaped container. [2]

(c) Show that the total surface area of the cone-shaped container is
314 cm2, correct to three significant figures. [3]

The factory designers are currently investigating whether a cone-shaped

container can be replaced with a cylinder-shaped container with the same radius
and the same total surface area.

(d) Find the height, h, of this cylinder-shaped container. [4]

(e) The factory director wants to increase the volume of coconut

water sold per container.

State whether or not they should replace the cone-shaped

containers with cylinder‑shaped containers. Justify your
conclusion. [4]

50. [Maximum mark: 13] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_2

An archaeological site is to be made accessible for viewing by the public. To do
this, archaeologists built two straight paths from point A to point B and from
point B to point C as shown in the following diagram. The length of path AB is
∧

185 m, the length of path BC is 250 m, and angle ABC is 125°.

 (a) Find the distance from A to C. [3]

The archaeologists plan to build two more straight paths, AD and DC. For the
∧

paths to go around the site, angle BAD is to be made equal to 85° and angle
∧

BCD is to be made equal to 70° as shown in the following diagram.

(b.i) ∧

Find the size of angle BAC. [3]

(b.ii) ∧

Find the size of angle CAD. [1]

(c) ∧

Find the size of angle ACD. [2]

(d) The length of path AD is 287 m.

Find the area of the region ABCD. [4]

51. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.S_4

OAB is a sector of the circle with centre O and radius r, as shown in the following
diagram.
 The angle AOB is θ radians, where 0 < θ <
π
2
.

The point C lies on OA and OA is perpendicular to BC.

(a) Show that OC = r cos θ. [1]

(b) Find the area of triangle OBC in terms of r and θ. [2]

(c) Given that the area of triangle OBC is 3

5
of the area of sector
OAB, find θ. [4]

52. [Maximum mark: 15] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_3

A factory packages coconut water in cone-shaped containers with a base radius
of 5.2 cm and a height of 13 cm.

(a) Find the volume of one cone-shaped container. [2]

(b) Find the slant height of the cone-shaped container. [2]

(c) Show that the total surface area of the cone-shaped container is
314 cm2, correct to three significant figures. [3]

The factory designers are currently investigating whether a cone-shaped

container can be replaced with a cylinder-shaped container with the same radius
 and the same total surface area.
(d) Find the height, h, of this cylinder-shaped container. [4]

(e) The factory director wants to increase the volume of coconut

water sold per container.

State whether or not they should replace the cone-shaped

containers with cylinder‑shaped containers. Justify your
conclusion. [4]

53. [Maximum mark: 20] 19M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_10

The voltage v in a circuit is given by the equation

,
v (t) = 3 sin (100πt) t ⩾ 0 where t is measured in seconds.

(a) Write down the maximum and minimum value of v. [2]

The current i in this circuit is given by the equation

i (t) = 2 sin (100π (t + 0.003)) .

(b) Write down two transformations that will transform the graph
of y = v (t) onto the graph of y = i (t). [2]

The power p in this circuit is given by p (t) = v (t) × i (t) .

(c) Sketch the graph of y = p (t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 , showing clearly

the coordinates of the first maximum and the first minimum. [3]

(d) Find the total time in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 for which p (t) ≥ 3.

[3]

The average power p av in this circuit from t = 0 to t = T is given by the

equation
 T
p av (T ) =
1

T
∫
0
, where T
p (t)dt > 0 .
(e) Find p (0.007).
av

[2]

(f ) With reference to your graph of y = p (t) explain why p av (T )

> 0 for all T > 0.

[2]

(g) Given that p (t) can be written as p (t) = a sin (b (t − c)) + d

where a, b, c, d > 0, use your graph to find the values of a, b, c
and d.

[6]

54. [Maximum mark: 5] 19M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_1

In triangle ABC, AB = 5, BC = 14 and AC = 11.

Find all the interior angles of the triangle. Give your answers in degrees
to one decimal place. [5]

55. [Maximum mark: 19] 19M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_11

The plane П1 contains the points P(1, 6, −7) , Q(0, 1, 1) and R(2, 0, −4).

(a) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane containing P, Q and R. [6]

The Cartesian equation of the plane П2 is given by x − 3y − z = 3 .

(b) Given that П1 and П2 meet in a line L, verify that the vector
5 1
⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞

equation of L can be given by r = 0 + λ 1 .

⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠
− −
4 2
 [3]

The Cartesian equation of the plane П3 is given by ax + by + cz = 1 .

(c) Given that П3 is parallel to the line L, show that

a + 2b − 5c = 0. [1]

Consider the case that П3 contains L.

(d.i) Show that 5a − 7c = 4 . [2]

(d.ii) Given that П3 is equally inclined to both П1 and П2, determine

two distinct possible Cartesian equations for П3. [7]

56. [Maximum mark: 8] 19M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_3

Iqbal attempts three practice papers in mathematics. The probability that he
passes the first paper is 0.6. Whenever he gains a pass in a paper, his confidence
increases so that the probability of him passing the next paper increases by 0.1.
Whenever he fails a paper the probability of him passing the next paper is 0.6.

(a) Complete the given probability tree diagram for Iqbal’s three
attempts, labelling each branch with the correct probability.
 [3]

(b) Calculate the probability that Iqbal passes at least two of the
papers he attempts. [2]

(c) Find the probability that Iqbal passes his third paper, given that
he passed only one previous paper. [3]

57. [Maximum mark: 6] 18N.1.SL.TZ0.S_5

3 p + 1
Consider the vectors a = ( ) and b = ( ) .
2p 8

Find the possible values of p for which a and b are parallel. [6]

58. [Maximum mark: 6] 18N.1.SL.TZ0.S_7

Given that sin x =
1

3
, where 0 < x <
π

2
, find the value of cos 4x. [6]

59. [Maximum mark: 6] 18N.1.SL.TZ0.T_1

 The volume of a hemisphere, V, is given by the formula

V=√ 4 S3

243 π
,

where S is the total surface area.

The total surface area of a given hemisphere is 350 cm2.

(a) Calculate the volume of this hemisphere in cm3.

Give your answer correct to one decimal place. [3]

(b) Write down your answer to part (a) correct to the nearest
integer. [1]

(c) Write down your answer to part (b) in the form a × 10k , where 1
≤ a < 10 and k ∈ Z. [2]

60. [Maximum mark: 6] 18N.1.SL.TZ0.T_9

A solid glass paperweight consists of a hemisphere of diameter 6 cm on top of a
cuboid with a square base of length 6 cm, as shown in the diagram.

The height of the cuboid, x cm, is equal to the height of the hemisphere.
 (a.i) Write down the value of x. [1]

(a.ii) Calculate the volume of the paperweight. [3]

(b) 1 cm3 of glass has a mass of 2.56 grams.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of the paperweight. [2]

61. [Maximum mark: 19] 18N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_10

(a) Use integration by parts to show that
[5]
x x

∫ e
x
cos 2xdx =
2e

5
sin 2x +
e

5
cos 2x + c , c ∈ R .

(b) Hence, show that

x x x

∫ e
x
cos
2
xdx =
e

5
sin 2x +
e

10
cos 2x +
e

2
+ c, .
c ∈ R [3]

The function f is defined by f (x) = e cos x, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 5. The curve

x 2

y = f (x) is shown on the following graph which has local maximum points at

A and C and touches the x-axis at B and D.

(c) Find the x-coordinates of A and of C , giving your answers in

the form a + arctan b, where a, b ∈ R. [6]

(d) Find the area enclosed by the curve and the x-axis between B
and D, as shaded on the diagram. [5]
62.

63.

64.
[Maximum mark: 6]

The vectors a and b are defined by a =

(a)

(b)

⎜⎟
1
⎛ ⎞

1
⎝ ⎠
t
, b=
⎛

⎝
0

−t

4t

Find and simplify an expression for a • b in terms of t.

⎞

, where t
⎠

Hence or otherwise, find the values of t for which the angle

between a and b is obtuse .

[Maximum mark: 15]

Consider a triangle OAB such that O has coordinates (0, 0, 0), A has
coordinates (0, 1, 2) and B has coordinates (2b, 0, b − 1) where b < 0.

(a) Find, in terms of b, a Cartesian equation of the plane Π

containing this triangle.

Let M be the midpoint of the line segment [OB].

(b)

(c)
Find, in terms of b, the equation of the line L which passes
through M and is perpendicular to the plane П.

Show that L does not intersect the y-axis for any negative value
of b.

[Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the function g (x) = 4 cos x + 1 , a ⩽ x ⩽
π

2
where a
∈ R

<
18N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_5

[2]

[4]

18N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_9

2
.
[5]

[3]

[7]

18N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_3
 (a) For a = − , sketch the graph of y = g (x). Indicate clearly the
π

maximum and minimum values of the function. [3]

(b) Write down the least value of a such that g has an inverse. [1]

(c.i) For the value of a found in part (b), write down the domain of
g
−1
. [1]

(c.ii) For the value of a found in part (b), find an expression for
(x). [2]
−1
g

65. [Maximum mark: 16] 18N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_11

(a) Find the roots of z 24
= 1 which satisfy the condition
0 < arg (z) <
π

2
, expressing your answers in the form re iθ

, where r, θ ∈ R
+
. [5]

Let S be the sum of the roots found in part (a).

(b.i) Show that Re S = Im S. [4]

(b.ii) By writing π

12
as ( π

4
−
π

6
) , find the value of cos π

12
in the form
√a+√ b

c
, where a, b and c are integers to be determined. [3]

(b.iii) Hence, or otherwise, show that S =

1

2
(1 + √ 2) (1 + √ 3) (1 + i) . [4]

66. [Maximum mark: 15] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.T_5

A flat horizontal area, ABC, is such that AB = 100 m , BC = 50 m and angle AĈB =
43.7° as shown in the diagram.
 (a) Show that the size of angle BÂC is 20.2°, correct to 3 significant
figures. [3]

(b) Calculate the area of triangle ABC. [4]

(c) Find the length of AC. [3]

(d) A vertical pole, TB, is constructed at point B and has height 25 m.

Calculate the angle of elevation of T from, M, the midpoint of

the side AC.

[5]

67. [Maximum mark: 6] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.S_7

A communication tower, T, produces a signal that can reach cellular phones
within a radius of 32 km. A straight road passes through the area covered by the
tower’s signal.

The following diagram shows a line representing the road and a circle
representing the area covered by the tower’s signal. Point R is on the
circumference of the circle and points S and R are on the road. Point S is 38 km
from the tower and RŜT = 43˚.
 (a) Let SR = x. Use the cosine rule to show that
x − (76 cos 43 )x + 420 = 0. [2]
2 ∘

(b) Hence or otherwise, find the total distance along the road
where the signal from the tower can reach cellular phones. [4]

68. [Maximum mark: 16] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.S_8

Consider the points A(−3, 4, 2) and B(8, −1, 5).

−→ (a.i)
Find AB. [2]

−→ (a.ii)
Find AB .
[2]

2 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

A line L has vector equation r = 0 + t −2 . The point C (5, y, 1) lies on

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
−5 2

line L.

(b.i) Find the value of y. [3]

−

−
−
→

→
⎛

→
8

69.
⎞
(b.ii)

(c)

(d)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
Show that AC =

⎜⎟
⎝
−10

−1

Find the area of triangle ABC.

[Maximum mark: 15]

.
⎠

Find the angle between AB and AC.

Calculate the area of triangle ABC.

Find the length of AC.

A vertical pole, TB, is constructed at point B and has height 25 m.

Calculate the angle of elevation of T from, M, the midpoint of

the side AC.
[2]

[5]

[2]

18N.2.SL.TZ0.T_5
A flat horizontal area, ABC, is such that AB = 100 m , BC = 50 m and angle AĈB =
43.7° as shown in the diagram.

Show that the size of angle BÂC is 20.2°, correct to 3 significant

figures. [3]

[4]

[3]

[5]
−

−
−
→

→
70.

→
8

71.
⎞
(a.ii)

line L.

(b.i)

(b.ii)

(c)

(d)

∣ ⎜⎟
[Maximum mark: 16]
Consider the points A(−3, 4, 2) and B(8, −1, 5).

(a.i)
Find AB.

Find AB .

A line L has vector equation r

Find the value of y.

Show that AC =
⎝
=

−10

−1
⎛

.
⎠

Find the angle between AB and AC.

Find the area of triangle ABC.

[Maximum mark: 6]
2

−5
⎠
⎞
+ t
⎛

⎝
1

−2

2
⎞

Boat A is situated 10km away from boat B, and each boat has a marine
radio transmitter on board. The range of the transmitter on boat A is
7km, and the range of the transmitter on boat B is 5km. The region in
which both transmitters can be detected is represented by the shaded
region in the following diagram. Find the area of this region.
18N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_7
18N.2.SL.TZ0.S_8

. The point C (5, y, 1) lies on

⎠
[2]

[2]

[3]

[2]

[5]

[2]
 [6]

72. [Maximum mark: 13] 18N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_11

Consider the rectangle OABC such that AB = OC = 10 and BC = OA = 1 , with the
points P , Q and R placed on the line OC such that OP = p, OQ = q and OR = r,
such that 0 < p < q < r < 10.

Let θ be the angle APO, θ be the angle AQO and θ be the angle ARO.
p q r

(a) Find an expression for θ in terms of p.

p [3]

Consider the case when θ p = θq + θr and QR = 1.

(b)
2

Show that p .
q +q−1
=
2q+1
[6]

(c) By sketching the graph of p as a function of q, determine the

range of values of p for which there are possible values of q.
 [4]

73. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ1.S_6

Six equilateral triangles, each with side length 3 cm, are arranged to
form a hexagon.
This is shown in the following diagram.

The vectors p , q and r are shown on the diagram.

Find p•(p + q + r). [6]

74. [Maximum mark: 16] 18M.1.SL.TZ1.S_9

Point A has coordinates (−4, −12, 1) and point B has coordinates (2, −4, −4).

(a) ⎛
6
⎞
→ =
Show that AB 8
⎝
−5
⎠ [1]

The line L passes through A and B.

(b.i) Find a vector equation for L. [2]

 (b.ii) Point C (k , 12 , −k) is on L. Show that k = 14. [4]

(c.i) →
Find OB ∙ AB
→ . [2]

(c.ii) Write down the value of angle OBA. [1]

(d) Point D is also on L and has coordinates (8, 4, −9).

Find the area of triangle OCD. [6]

75. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ1.T_14

A solid right circular cone has a base radius of 21 cm and a slant height of 35 cm.
A smaller right circular cone has a height of 12 cm and a slant height of 15 cm,
and is removed from the top of the larger cone, as shown in the diagram.
 (a) Calculate the radius of the base of the cone which has been
removed. [2]

(b) Calculate the curved surface area of the cone which has been
removed. [2]

(c) Calculate the curved surface area of the remaining solid. [2]

76. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ1.T_8

Two fixed points, A and B, are 40 m apart on horizontal ground. Two straight
ropes, AP and BP, are attached to the same point, P, on the base of a hot air
balloon which is vertically above the line AB. The length of BP is 30 m and angle
BAP is 48°.

(a) On the diagram, draw and label with an x the angle of

depression of B from P. [1]

Angle APB is acute.

(b) Find the size of angle APB. [3]

 (c) Find the size of the angle of depression of B from P. [2]

77. [Maximum mark: 7] 18M.1.SL.TZ2.S_4

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius r cm.

The points A and B lie on the circumference of the circle, and AOB = θ.
The area of the shaded sector AOB is 12 cm2 and the length of arc AB is
6 cm.

Find the value of r. [7]

78. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ2.T_15

Julio is making a wooden pencil case in the shape of a large pencil. The pencil
case consists of a cylinder attached to a cone, as shown.

The cylinder has a radius of r cm and a height of 12 cm.

The cone has a base radius of r cm and a height of 10 cm.

 (a) Find an expression for the slant height of the cone in terms of r. [2]

(b) The total external surface area of the pencil case rounded to 3
significant figures is 570 cm2.

Using your graphic display calculator, calculate the value of r. [4]

79. [Maximum mark: 5] 18M.1.SL.TZ2.S_1

2 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
→ =
Let OA 1
→ =
and AB 3 , where O is the origin. L1 is the line that
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
3 1

passes through A and B.

(a) Find a vector equation for L1. [2]

80.

81.
(b)
The vector

[Maximum mark: 6]

[Maximum mark: 5]

(a)
→ =
Let OA
2
⎛ ⎞

3
1
⎝ ⎠
⎜⎟
2
⎛ ⎞
p
⎝ ⎠
0

km and BC is 62 km. Angle ABC is 52°.

(a)

(b)
Calculate the length of side AC in km.

Calculate the area of the park.

→ =
and AB

passes through A and B.

1
⎛ ⎞

1
3
⎝ ⎠

Find a vector equation for L1.

→ . Find the value of p.
is perpendicular to AB

18M.1.SL.TZ2.T_8
A park in the form of a triangle, ABC, is shown in the following diagram. AB is 79
∧

, where O is the origin. L1 is the line that

[3]

[3]

[3]

18M.1.SL.TZ2.S_1

[2]
82.

83.
(b)
The vector

[Maximum mark: 5]
Let a = sin b, 0 <

[Maximum mark: 19]

(a)
⎜⎟
2
⎛ ⎞
p
⎝ ⎠
0

b <
π

2
.

Find, in terms of b, the solutions of sin 2x

→ . Find the value of p.
is perpendicular to AB

= −a, 0 ⩽ x ⩽ π .

Find the Cartesian equation of the plane Π , passing through

the points A , B and D.
1
18M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_10
The following figure shows a square based pyramid with vertices at O(0, 0, 0),
A(1, 0, 0), B(1, 1, 0), C(0, 1, 0) and D(0, 0, 1).
[3]

18M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_8

[5]

[3]
 The Cartesian equation of the plane Π , passing through the points B , C and D ,
2

is y + z = 1.

(b) Find the angle between the faces ABD and BCD. [4]

The plane Π passes through O and is normal to the line BD.

3

(c) Find the Cartesian equation of Π . 3 [3]

Π3 cuts AD and BD at the points P and Q respectively.

(d) Show that P is the midpoint of AD. [4]

(e) Find the area of the triangle OPQ. [5]

84. [Maximum mark: 4] 18M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_1

The acute angle between the vectors 3i − 4j − 5k and 5i − 4j + 3k is
denoted by θ.

Find cos θ. [4]

85. [Maximum mark: 24] 18M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_9

The points A, B, C and D have position vectors a, b, c and d, relative to the origin O.

→
It is given that AB → .
= DC

(a.i) Explain why ABCD is a parallelogram. [1]

(a.ii) →
Using vector algebra, show that AD → .
= BC [3]

→ , OB
The position vectors OA → , OC
→ and OD
→ are given by

a = i + 2j − 3k
 b = 3i − j + pk

c = qi + j + 2k

d = −i + rj − 2k

where p , q and r are constants.

(b) Show that p = 1, q = 1 and r = 4. [5]

(c) Find the area of the parallelogram ABCD. [4]

The point where the diagonals of ABCD intersect is denoted by M.

(d) Find the vector equation of the straight line passing through M
and normal to the plane Π containing ABCD. [4]

(e) Find the Cartesian equation of Π. [3]

The plane Π cuts the x, y and z axes at X , Y and Z respectively.

(f.i) Find the coordinates of X, Y and Z. [2]

(f.ii) Find YZ. [2]

86. [Maximum mark: 7] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.S_6

Triangle ABC has a = 8.1 cm, b = 12.3 cm and area 15 cm2. Find the
largest possible perimeter of triangle ABC. [7]

87. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.S_3

The diagram shows a circle, centre O, with radius 4 cm. Points A and B lie on the
circumference of the circle and AÔB = θ , where 0 ≤ θ ≤ π.
 (a) Find the area of the shaded region, in terms of θ. [3]

(b) The area of the shaded region is 12 cm2. Find the value of θ. [3]

88. [Maximum mark: 18] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.T_1

Farmer Brown has built a new barn, on horizontal ground, on his farm. The barn
has a cuboid base and a triangular prism roof, as shown in the diagram.
The cuboid has a width of 10 m, a length of 16 m and a height of 5 m.
The roof has two sloping faces and two vertical and identical sides, ADE and GLF.
The face DEFL slopes at an angle of 15° to the horizontal and ED = 7 m .
(a) Calculate the area of triangle EAD. [3]

(b) Calculate the total volume of the barn. [3]

The roof was built using metal supports. Each support is made from five lengths
of metal AE, ED, AD, EM and MN, and the design is shown in the following
diagram.
 ED = 7 m , AD = 10 m and angle ADE = 15° .
M is the midpoint of AD.
N is the point on ED such that MN is at right angles to ED.
(c) Calculate the length of MN. [2]

(d) Calculate the length of AE. [3]

Farmer Brown believes that N is the midpoint of ED.

(e) Show that Farmer Brown is incorrect. [3]

(f ) Calculate the total length of metal required for one support. [4]

89. [Maximum mark: 15] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.S_10

Let f (x) = 12 cos x − 5 sin x, −π ⩽ x ⩽ 2π, be a periodic function with

f (x) = f (x + 2π)

The following diagram shows the graph of f .

There is a maximum point at A. The minimum value of f is −13 .
(a) Find the coordinates of A. [2]

(b.i) For the graph of f , write down the amplitude. [1]

(b.ii) For the graph of f , write down the period. [1]

(c) Hence, write f (x) in the form p cos (x + r). [3]

A ball on a spring is attached to a fixed point O. The ball is then pulled down and
released, so that it moves back and forth vertically.
 The distance, d centimetres, of the centre of the ball from O at time t seconds, is
given by

d (t) = f (t) + 17, 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 5.

(d) Find the maximum speed of the ball. [3]

(e) Find the first time when the ball’s speed is changing at a rate of
2 cm s−2. [5]

90. [Maximum mark: 18] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.T_1

Farmer Brown has built a new barn, on horizontal ground, on his farm. The barn
has a cuboid base and a triangular prism roof, as shown in the diagram.
The cuboid has a width of 10 m, a length of 16 m and a height of 5 m.
The roof has two sloping faces and two vertical and identical sides, ADE and GLF.
The face DEFL slopes at an angle of 15° to the horizontal and ED = 7 m .
(a) Calculate the area of triangle EAD. [3]

(b) Calculate the total volume of the barn. [3]

The roof was built using metal supports. Each support is made from five lengths
of metal AE, ED, AD, EM and MN, and the design is shown in the following
diagram.
 ED = 7 m , AD = 10 m and angle ADE = 15° .
M is the midpoint of AD.
N is the point on ED such that MN is at right angles to ED.
(c) Calculate the length of MN. [2]

(d) Calculate the length of AE. [3]

Farmer Brown believes that N is the midpoint of ED.

(e) Show that Farmer Brown is incorrect. [3]

(f ) Calculate the total length of metal required for one support. [4]

91. [Maximum mark: 14] 18M.2.SL.TZ2.T_5

The Tower of Pisa is well known worldwide for how it leans.

Giovanni visits the Tower and wants to investigate how much it is leaning. He
draws a diagram showing a non-right triangle, ABC.

On Giovanni’s diagram the length of AB is 56 m, the length of BC is 37 m, and

angle ACB is 60°. AX is the perpendicular height from A to BC.
(a.i) Use Giovanni’s diagram to show that angle ABC, the angle at
which the Tower is leaning relative to the
horizontal, is 85° to the nearest degree. [5]

(a.ii) Use Giovanni's diagram to calculate the length of AX. [2]

(a.iii) Use Giovanni's diagram to find the length of BX, the horizontal
displacement of the Tower. [2]

Giovanni’s tourist guidebook says that the actual horizontal displacement of the
Tower, BX, is 3.9 metres.

(b) Find the percentage error on Giovanni’s diagram. [2]

 (c) Giovanni adds a point D to his diagram, such that BD = 45 m,
and another triangle is formed.

Find the angle of elevation of A from D. [3]

92. [Maximum mark: 13] 18M.2.SL.TZ2.S_8

Two points P and Q have coordinates (3, 2, 5) and (7, 4, 9) respectively.

(a.i) → .
Find PQ [2]

(a.ii) Find → .
PQ [2]

→ = 6i − j + 3k.
Let PR

(b) Find the angle between PQ and PR. [4]

(c) Find the area of triangle PQR. [2]

 (d) Hence or otherwise find the shortest distance from R to the line
through P and Q. [3]

93. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.2.SL.TZ2.S_2

The following diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD.

∧ ∧
∘ ∘
AB = 11 cm, BC = 6 cm, BAD = 100 , and CBD = 82

(a) Find DB. [3]

(b) Find DC. [3]

94. [Maximum mark: 5] 18M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_3

Let f (x) = tan (x + π)cos (x − π

2
) where 0 < x <
π

2
.

Express f (x) in terms of sin x and cos x. [5]

95. [Maximum mark: 15] 18M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_11

Two submarines A and B have their routes planned so that their positions at time
t hours, 0 ≤ t < 20 , would be defined by the position vectors rA
96.
=

(a)

⎜⎟
⎛

⎝
−1
⎠
2

now given by

rB =

(b.i)

(b.ii)

(c.i)

(c.ii)

(c.iii)
⎛

⎝
⎞

3.2

−2
⎞

⎠
+ t

+ t
⎛

⎝
−1

originally planned.
1

−0.15
⎠
⎞

−0.45

1.08

0.09
⎞
and rB =

⎠
.
⎛

⎝
0

3.2

−2
⎞

point on the surface of the ocean (all lengths are in kilometres).

Show that the two submarines would collide at a point P and
write down the coordinates of P.
+ t

Show that submarine B travels in the same direction as

Find the value of t when submarine B passes through P.

Find an expression for the distance between the two

submarines in terms of t.

Find the value of t when the two submarines are closest

together.

Find the distance between the two submarines at this time.

[Maximum mark: 8]
Consider the following diagram.
⎛

⎝
−0.5
⎞
1.2

0.1
⎠

To avoid the collision submarine B adjusts its velocity so that its position vector is
relative to a fixed

[4]

[1]

[2]

[5]

[2]

[1]

18M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_4
The sides of the equilateral triangle ABC have lengths 1 m. The midpoint of [AB]
is denoted by P. The circular arc AB has centre, M, the midpoint of [CP].
(a.i) Find AM. [3]

(a.ii) ∧

Find AMP in radians. [2]

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. [3]

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