Class XI Chapter 14 - Oscillations Physics

1
A.B.PHYSICS TUITION Book Name: NCERT Solutions
9804147945
Question 1: 9432130248
Which of the following examples represent periodic motion?
(a) A swimmer completing one (return) trip from one bank of a river to the other and back.
(b) A freely suspended bar magnet displaced from its N-S direction and released.
(c) A hydrogen molecule rotating about its center of mass.
(d) An arrow released from a bow.
Solution l:
(a) The swimmer's motion is not periodic. Though the motion of a swimmer is to and from but
will not have a definite period.
(b) The motion of a freely-suspended magnet, if displaced from its N-S direction and released,
is periodic because the magnet oscillates about its position witha definite period oftime.
(c) When a hydrogen molecule rotates about its centre of mass, it comes to the same position
again and again after an equal interval of time. Such a motion is periodic.
(d) An arrow released from a bow moves only in the forward direction. It does not come
backward. Hence, this motion is not a periodic.

Question 2:
Which of the following examples represent (nearly) simple harmonic motion and which
represent periodic but not simple harmonic motion?
(a) the rotation of earth about its axis.
(b) motion of an oscillating mercury column in a U-tube.
(c) motion of a ball bearing inside a smooth curved bowl, when released from a point slightly
above the lower most point.
(d) general vibrations of a polyatomic molecule about its equilibrium position.
Solution 2:
(a) It is periodic but not simple harmonic motion because it is not to and from about a fixed
point.
(b) It is a simple harmonic motion because the mercury moves to and from on the same path,
about the fixed position, with a certain period of time.
(c) It is simple harmonic motion because the ball moves to and from about the lowermost point
of the bowl when released. Also, the ball comes back to its initial position in the same period
of time, again and again.
(d) A polyatomic molecule has many natural frequencies of oscillation. Its vibration is the
superposition of individual simple harmonic motions of a number of different molecules.
Hence, it is not simple harmonic, but periodic
Question 3:
Figure 14.27 depicts four x-t plots for linear motion of a particle. Which of the plots represent
periodic motion? What is the period of motion (in case of periodic motion)?
2
a
I(s)

I(s)

Fig. 14.27
Solution 3:
(a) It is not a periodic motion. This represents a unidirectional, linear uniform motion. There is
no repetition of motion in this case.
(b) In this case, the motion of the particle repeats itself after 2 s. Hence, it is a periodic motion,
having a period of 2s.
(c) It is not a periodic motion. This is because the particle repeats the motion in one position
only. For a periodic motion, the entire motion of the particle must be repeated in equal
intervals of time.
(d) In this case, the motion of the particle repeats itself after 2 s. Hence, it is a periodic motion,
having a period of 2 s.
Question 4:
Which of the following functions of time represent (a) simple harmonic, (b) periodic but not
simple harmonic, and (c) non-periodic motion? Give period for each case of periodic motion
(o is any positive constant):
(a) sin ot - cOS Ot

(b) sin' ot
3
(c) 3cos (z/4 - 2or)
(d) cos ot+ cos 3ot + cos 5ot
(e) exp (-'r)
Solution 4:
(a) SHM
The given function is:
sinot cOs ot

Sin ot

=2 sin ot xcos
4
-cos ot xsin

-Esin or
This function represents SHM as it can be written in the form: a sin (ot + )
Its period is: 2z/o
(b) Periodic but not SHM
The given function is:
sin' ot= 1/4 (3 sin ot -sin3or
The terms sin ot and sin ot individually represent simple harmonic motion (SHM). However,
the superposition of two SHM is periodic and not simple harmonic.
Ites period is: 2z/o
(c) SHM
The given function is:

= 3cos 2ot

This function represents simple harmonic motion because it can be written in the form: a
cos (ot+) Its period is: 2r/ 2o =nlo
(d)Periodic, but not SHM
The given function is coso+ cos3ot + cos5ot. Each individual cosine function represents
SHM. However, the superposition of three simple harmonic motions is periodic, but not simple
harmonic.
(e) Non-periodic motion
The given function exp(-o') is an exponential function. Exponential functions do not repeat
themselves. Therefore, it is a non-periodic motion.
() The given function 1 +ot+o't isnon-periodic.
4
Question 5:
A particle is in linear simple harmonic motion between two points, A and B, 10 cm apart. Take
the direction from A to B as the positive direction and give the signs of velocity, acceleration
and force on the particle when it is
(a) at the end A,
(b) at the end B,
(c) at the mid-point of AB going towards A,
(d) at 2 cm away from B going towards A,
(e) at 3 cm away from A going towards and
() at 4 cm away from B going towards A.
Solution 5:
10 cm
3 cm

R S

4 cm
+ve direction
From above figure, where A and B represent the two extreme positions of a SHM. or
velocity, the direction from A to B is taken to b positive. The acceleration and the force, along
AP are taken as positive and also Bp are taken as negative.
(a) At the end A, the particle executing SHM is momentarily at rest being its extreme position
of motion. Therefore, its velocity is zero. Acceleration is positive because it is directed along
AP, Force is also Positive since the force is directed along AP.
(b) At the end B, velocity is zero. Here, acceleration and force are negative as they are directed
along BP.
(c) At the mid point of AB going towards A, the particle is at its mean position P, with a
tendency to move along PA. Hence, velocity is positive. Both acceleration and force are zero.
(d) At 2 cm away from B going towards A, the particle is at Q, with a tendency to move along
QP, which is negative direction. Therefore, velocity, acceleration and force all are positive.
(e) At 3 cm away from A going towards B, the particle is at R, with a tendency to move along
RP, which is positive direction. Here, velocity, acceleration all are positive.
() At 4 cm away from Agoing towards A, the particles is at S, with a tendency to move along
SA, which is negative direction. Therefore, velocity is negative but acceleration is directed
towards mean position, along SP. Hence it is positive and also force is positive similarly.

Question 6:
Which of the following relationships between the acceleration a and the displacement x of a
particle involve simple harmonic motion? 5
(a)a= 0.7x
(b)a= - 200x
(c)a= -10x
(d)a= 100x
Solution 6:
In SHM, acceleration a is related to displacement by the relation of the form a=-kx, which is
for relation (c).

Question 7:
The motion of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is described by the displacement
function,

x(1) =Acos (ot +p).

If the initial ((= 0) position of the particle is I cm and its initial velocity is wcm/s, what are its
amplitude and initial phase angle? The angular frequency of the particle is z s.If instead of
the cosine function, we choOse the sine function to describe the SHM: x = B sin(ot + a).
what are the amplitude and initial phase of the particle with the above initial conditions.
Solution 7:
Initially, at t =0;
Displacement, x = lcm
Initial velocity, v= 0 cml sec.
Angular frequency, o = I rad /s.
It is given that,
x() =Acos(ot +0)
l =Acos(o x 0+0) =Acos
Acos= 1 ..(i)
Velocity, v=drldt
o = -Aosin(ot +)
l = -Asin (o x 0+) = - Asin
Asin = -1 ...ii)
Squaring and adding equations (i) and (ii), we get:
A'(sin' +cos² ) = I+1
A'= 2
..A= V2 cm 9804147945
Dividing equation (i) by equation (), we get:
9432130248
tan)=-1
..0= 3z |4, 77/4,... 6
SHM is given as:
x= Bsin (ot +a)
Putting the given values in this equation, we get:
I=Bsinlo x 0+ a] = l+1
Bsin a =1 ..(ii)
Velocity, v = oBcos (ot +a)
Substituting the given values, we get:
n = nBsin a
Bsin a = 1 ...(iv).
Squaring and adding equations (iüi) and (iv),
we get:
Bsin a+ cos' a = 1+ 1
B'= 2
..B= V2 cm
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (iv),
we get:
Bsin a /Bcos a = 1/1
tan a = 1= tan n|4
..a = n|4, 5n l4,..
Question 8:
A spring balance has a scale that reads from 0 to 50 kg. The length of the scale is 20 cm. A
body suspended from this balance, when displaced and released, oscillates with a period of 0.6
s. What is the weight of the body?
Solution 8:
Maximum mass that the scale can read, M= 50 kg
Maximum displacement of the spring = Length of the scale, l= 20 cm = 0.2 m
Time period, T= 0.6 s
Maximum force exerted on the spring, F = Mg
where,
g= acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s
F= 50 x 9.8 = 490
: Spring constant, k= Fll= 490/0.2 = 2450 N m.
Mass m, is suspended from the balance.

Time period,

0.6
..m=|
-* 2x3.14)
x 2450 = 22.36kg
7
Weight of the body = mg =22.36 x 9.8 = 219.167 N

Hence, the weight of the body is about 219 N.

Question 9:
A spring having with a spring constant 1200 N m is mounted on a horizontal table as shown
in Fig. A mass of3 kg is attached to the free end of the spring. The mass is then pulled
sideways to a distance of 2.0 cm and released.

w
Fig. 14.28
Determine (i) the frequency of oscillations, (ii) maximum acceleration of the mass, and (iii) the
maximum speed of the mass.
Solution 9:
Spring constant, k= 1200N m-1
Mass, m=3 kg
Displacement, A = 2.0 cm =0.02 cm
(i) Frequency of oscillation v, is given by the relation:
V=
T 27 Vm
Where,T is time period
1200
.. V=: =3.18m /s
2x3.14V 3
Hence, the frequency of oscillations is 3.18 cycles per second.
(iü) Maximum acceleration (a) is given by the relation:
a= o*A
where,

o= Angular frequency=,
A= max imum displacement
1200x0.02 =8me2
..a=
m 3
Hence, the maximum acceleration of the mass is 8.0 m/s'.

(ii) Maximum velocity, v = Ao. 8

I1200 =0.4m/s.
=A=002x,
Vm 3
Hence, the maximum velocity of the mass is 0.4 m/s.

Question 10:
In Exercise 14.9, let us take the position of mass when the spring is unstarched as x = 0, and
the direction from left to right as the positive direction of xaxis. Give x as a function of time t
for the oscillating mass if at the moment we start the stopwatch (t = 0), the mass is
(a) at the mean position,
(b) at the maximum stretched position, and
(c) at the maximnum compressed position.
In what way do these functions for SHM differ from each other, in frequency, in amplitude or
the initial phase?
Solution 10:
Distance travelled by the mass sideways, a= 2.0 cm
Angular frequency of oscillation:

=400 = 20rad s
(a) As time is noted from the mean position, hence using
x=a sin ot,we have x=2 sin 20
(b) At maximum stretched position, the body is at the extreme right position, with an initial
phase of z/2 rad . Then,
x= asin ot+ a cos t = 2 cos 20t

(c) At maximum compressed position, the body is at left position, with an initial phase of 3
z/2 rad. Then,

x= asin ot +- =-a cos ot =-2 cos 20

The functions neither differ in amplitude nor in frequency. They differ in initial phase.

Question 11:
Figures 14.29 correspond to two circular motions. The radius of the circle, the period of
revolution, the initial position, and the sense of revolution (i.e. clockwise or anti-clockwise)
are indicated on each figure.
Ty 9
2m T= 4s
T=2s +X
P
+X
3cm
(t-0)
+P(t-0)

(a) (b)
Fig. 14.29

Obtain the corresponding simple harmonic motions of the x-projection of the radius vector of
the revolving particle P, in each case.
Solution 11:
(a) Time period, t =2s
Amplitude, A = 3 cm
At time, t=0, the radius vector OP makes an angle z/2 with the positive x-axis,.e., phase
angle = +1/2
Therefore, the equation of simple harmonic motion for the x-projection of OP, at the time t, is
given by the displacement equation:
X=.

.".x=-3 sin ztcn

(b) Time Period, t =4s
Amplitude, a = 2 m
At time t=0, OP makes an angle z with the x-axis, in the anticlockwise direction, Hence,
phase angle =+1
Therefore, the equation of simple harmonic motion for the x-projection of OP, at the time t, is
given as:

=2cos (2rt
4

.".x=

Question 12:
Plot the corresponding reference circle for each of the following simple harmonic motions.
Indicate the initial (rt= 0) position of the particle, the radius of the circle, and the angular speed
of the rotating particle. For simplicity, the sense of rotation may be fixed to be anticlockwise in 10
every case: (x is in cm and t is ins).
(a)x= -2 sin (3t+ n/3)
(b)x= cos (z/6 -r)
(c)x= 3sin (2rt+ n14)
(d)x= 2cos t
Solution 12:
 - 3 rad/sec |rad'sec

2 cm
2 cm

P(= 0) P( 0)

(a) (b)

2* rad'sec Pu 0)
9804147945
2cm
9432130248
2 cm
3n/4
P=0)
e-2* rad 'see.

(c) (d)
(a)
X=

=2cos| 3r+6
If this equation is compared with the standard SHM equation
x=
Acohen we get:
Amplitude, A = 2 cm
Phase angle, =5z/6 = 150°.
Angular velocity = o = 2r/T= 3rad I sec.
The motion of the particle can be plotted as shown in fig. 10(a).
(b) 11
X= cos
6

If this equation is compared with the standard SHM equation

27
x=Acos +o},then we get:
Amplitude, A = 1
Phase angle, = -rI6 = -30°.
Angular velocity, o = 2r/T= lradl s.
The motion of the particle can be plotted as shown in fig. 10(b).
(c)

If this equation is compared with the standard SHM equation

x=A
Acos hen we gel :
Amplitude, A=3 cm
Phase angle, =3z/4 = 135°
Angular velocity, o = 2r/T= 2 rad ls.
The motion of the particle can be plotted as shown in fig. 10(c).
(d)
x=2coS nt
If this equation is compared with the standard SHM equation
x= AAcos
hen we get:
Amplitude, A = 2 cm
Phase angle, O= 0
Angular velocity, o = I radls.
The motion of the particle can be plotted as shown in fig. 10d).

Question 13:
Figure 14.30 (a) shows a spring of force constant k clamped rigidly at one end and a
mass m attached to its free end. A force F applied at the free end stretches the spring. Figure
14.30 (b) shows the same spring with both ends free and attached to a mass m at either end.
Each end of the spring in Fig. 14.30(b) is stretched by the same force F.
12
m Im
m k

(a) (b)
Fig. 14.30
(a) What is the maximum extension of the spring in the two cases?
(b) If the mass in Fig. (a) and the two masses in Fig. (b) are released, what is the period of
oscillation in each case?
Solution 13:
(a) The maximum extension of the spring in both cases will = Flk, where k is the spring
constant of the springs used.
(b) In Fig. 14.30(a) ifx is the extension in the spring, when mass m is returning to its mean
position after being released free, then restoring force on the mass is F= -kx, i.e., Fcx As,
this F is directed towards mean position of the mass, hence the mass attached to the spring will
execute SHM.
Spring factor = spring constant = k
inertia factor = mass of the given mass = m
As time period,

T=2r, inertia factor

spring factor

:T=2r k

In Fig.14.30(b), we have a two body system of springconstant k and reduced mass,

=mxmIm+m=m/2.
Inertia factor = m/2
Spring factor = k
m/2 m

:time period,T= 2r"=27,

Question 14:
The piston in the cylinder head of a locomotive has a stroke (twice the amplitude) of 1.0 m. If
the piston moves with simple harmonic motion with an angular frequency of 200 rad/min,
what is its maximum speed?
Solution 14:
Angular frequency of the piston, o = 200 rad I min
Stroke = 1.0 m
Amplitude, A= 1.0/2 =0.5 m
The maximum speed (vma) of piston is given by the relation:
V. = A = 200 x 0.5 = 100m/min.
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Question 15:
of a
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon is1.7 ms.What is the time period
s?
simple pendulum on the surface of moon if its time period on the surface of earth is 3.5
(g on the surface of earth is 9.8 ms)
Solution 15:
Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon, g' =l.7 ms
Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth, g= 9.8 m s
Time period of a simple pendulum on earth, T = 3.5 s

Where,
lis the length of the pendulum
T
.:.l=
(2r)
(3.5)' -x9.8m
4x(3.14)
The length of pendulum remains constant

On moon's surface, time period,

T
(3.5) -x9.8
= 27
4x(3.14) =8.4s
1.7
Hence, the time period of the simple pendulum on the surface of moon is 8.4 s.

Question 16:
Answer the following questions:
(a) Time period of a particle in SHM depends on the force constant k and mass mof the
particle:
T= 27 Vmlk.A simple pendulum executes SHM approximately. Why then is the time
period of a pendulum independent of the mass of the pendulum?
(b) The motion of a simple pendulum is approximately simple harmonic for small angle
oscillations. For larger angles of oscillation, a more involved analysis shows that T is greater
than 2r Vlg
14
Think of a qualitative argument to appreciate this result.
(c) A man with a wristwatch on his hand falls from the top of a tower. Does the watch give
correct time during the free fall?
(d) What is the frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum mounted in a cabin that is freely
falling under gravity?
Solution 16:
(a) For a simple pendulum, force constant or spring factork is proportional to mass m,
therefore, m cancels out in denominator as well as in numerator. That is why the time period of
simple pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob.
(b) In the case of a simple pendulum, the restoring force acting on the bob of the pendulum is
given as:
F= -mg sinb
where,
F= Restoring force
m = Mass of the bob
g= Acceleration due to gravity
O= Angle of displacement
For small , sin 9
For large 0, sin is greater than 0 .
This decreases the effective value of g.
Hence, the time period increases as:
T= 27 Vilg
(c) Yes, because the working of the wrist watch depends on spring action and it has nothing to
do with gravity.
(d) Gravity disappears for a man under free fall, so frequency is zero.

Question 17:
A simple pendulum of length land having a bob of mass Mis suspended in a car. The car is
moving on a circular track of radius R with a uniform speed v. If the pendulum makes small
oscillations in a radial direction about its equilibrium position, what will be its time period?
Solution 17:
The bob of the simple pendulum will experience the acceleration due to gravity and the
centripetal acceleration provided by the circular motion of the car.
Acceleration due to gravity =8
Centripetal acceleration =²/R
where,
v is the uniform speed of the car
R is the radius of the track
Effective acceleration (g). is given as:

:Time period.T=27, & 9804147945

9432130248
= 27
g'+v/R'

Question 18:
Cylindrical piece of cork of density of base area Aand height h floats in a liquid of
density p1. The cork is depressed slightly and then released. Show that the cork oscillates up
and down simple harmonically with a period T = 27"P
P.8
where p is the density of cork. (lgnore damping due to viscosity of the liquid).
Solution 18:
Base area of the cork = A
Height of the cork = h
Density of the liquid =A
Density of the cork =p
In equilibrium:
Weight of the cork = Weight of the liquid displaced by the floating cork
Let the cork be depressed slightly by x. As a result, some extra water of a certain volume is
displaced. Hence, an extra up-thrust acts upward and provides the restoring force to the cork.
Up-thrust = Restoring force, F= Weight of the extra water displaced
F=-(Volume x Density x g)
Volume = Area x Distance through which the cork is depressed
Volume
=Ax
..F= -Axp 8 ...i)
According to the force law:
F=kx
k= Flx
where, k is constant
k=Flx = -Ap,8 ....(ii)
The time period of the oscillations of the cork:
T= 2r Vmlk ..(iüi).
where,
m= Mass of the cork
= Volume of the cork x Density
= Base area of the cork x Height of the cork x Density of the cork
=Ahp
Hence, the expression for the time period becomes:
T =27, |Ahp =27
|Ap,8

Question 19:
One end of a U-tube containing mercury is connected to a suction pump and the other end to
atmosphere. A small pressure difference is maintained between the two columns. Show that,
when the suction pump is removed, the column of mercury in the U-tube executes simple
harmonic motion.
Solution 19:
Area of cross-section of the U-tube = A
Density of the mercury column = p
Acceleration due to gravity =8
Restoring force, F = Weight of the mercury column of a certain height
F=-(Volume x Density x g)
F= -(Ax 2hxpxg) = -2Apgh= -kx Displacement in one of the arms (h)
Where,
2h is the height of the mercury column in the two arms
k is a constant, given by k = -Flh= 2Apg
m m
Time period, T= 2r4 =2r VApg
where,
m is the mass of the mercury column
Let / be the length of the total mercury in the U-tube
Mass of mercury, m= Volume of mercury x Density of mercury =Alp
Question 20:
An air chamber of volume V has a neck area of cross section a into which a ball of
mass m just fits and can move up and down without any friction (Fig. 14.33). Show that when
the ball is pressed down a little and released, it executes SHM. Obtain an expression for the
time period of oscillations assuming pressure-volume variations of air to be isothermal [see
Fig. 14.33].
m

Air

Fig.14.33
Solution 20:
Volume of the air chamber =V
Area of cross-section of the neck = a
Mass of the ball = m
The pressure inside the chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Let the ball be depressed by x units. As a result of this depression, there would be a decrease in
the volume and an increase in the pressure inside the chamber.
Decrease in the volume of the air chamber, AV=ax
Volumetric strain = Change in volume/original volume
’AV/V=ax/V
Bulk modulus of air, B = Stress/Strain = -pl ax/V
In this case, stress is the increase in pressure. The negative sign indicates that pressure
increases with decrease in volume.
p= -Bax/ V
The restoring force acting on the ball,
F=pxa
= - Bax/V.a
= - Bax²/V .....i)
In simple harmonic motion, the equation for restoring force is:
F=-kr ..i)
where, k is the spring constant
Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get:
k= Ba' /V
Time Period,
m

:T=27|K|Vm
= 27V Ba

Question 21:
You are riding in an automobile of mass 3000 kg. Assuming that you are examining the
oscillation characteristics of its suspension system. The suspension sags 15 cm when the entire
automobile is placed on it. Also, the amplitude of oscillation decreases by 50% during one
complete oscillation. Estimate the values of (a) the spring constant k and (b) the damping
constant b for the spring and shock absorber system of one wheel, assuming that each wheel
supports 750 kg.
Solution 21:
(a) Mass of theautomobile, m= 3000 kg
Displacement in the suspension system, x= 15 cm=0.15 m
There are 4 springs in parallel to the support of the mass of the automobile.
The equation for the restoring force for the system:
F=-4kx= mg
Where, k is the spring constant of the suspension system
Time period, T= 2r Vm/4k
and k=mg | 4x= 3000x 10/4 x 0.15 = 5000 = 5x 10* Nm
Spring Constant, k= 5x 10 Nm
(b) Each wheel supports a mass, M = 3000/4 = 750 kg
For damping factor b, the equation for displacement is written as:
*=ebI24
The amplitude of oscillation decreases by 50 %.
i*=,/2
 log, 2 = bt/ 2M
..b= 2M log, 2 /t
where,
m 3000
=07691s
Time period, t = 2r,V4k =2r, V4x5x10+
2x750x0.693
..b= =1351.53kg /s
07691

Question 22:
Show that for a particle in linear SHM the average kinetic energy over a period of oscillation
equals the average potential energy over the same period.
Solution 22:
The equation of displacement of a particle executing SHM at an instant is given as:
x =Asin ot where,
A = Amplitude of oscillation
O=Angular frequency = VkM
The velocity of the particle is: v=dx/dt= Aocosot
The kinetic energy of the particle is:
E, = 1/2Mv= 1/2 MA o'cos ot
The potential energy of the particle is:
E, = 1/2 kr'= 1/2 M²o'A sin' ot
For time period T, the average kinetic energy over a single cycle is given as:
(E).
cos² ot d

(1+ cos 2ot)

2

sin 2ot
20 o

1 -MA°o (T)
4T

-MA'a ..()
And, average potential energy over one cycle is given as:

sin ot dt

Mo'acos 2our)
0
2 9804147945
sin 2ot 9432130248
20

4T Mo'A (T)
Mo'A
4
..(i)
It can be inferred from equations (i) and (ii) that the average kinetic energy for a given time
period is equal to the average potential energy for the same time period.

Question 23:
A circular disc of mass 10 kg is suspended by a wire attached to its centre. The wire is twisted
by rotating the disc and released. The period of torsional oscillations is found to be 1.5 s. The
radius of the disc is 15 cm. Determine the torsional spring constant of the wire. (Torsional
spring constant a is defined by the relation J= -ae, where J is the restoring couple
and the angle of twist)
Solution 23:
Mass of the circular disc, m = 10 kg
Radius of the disc, r= 15 cm = 0.15 m
The torsional oscillations of the disc has a time period, T = 1.5 s
The moment of inertia of the disc is:
l= 1/2mr?

= 1/2 x (10) x (0.15)

= 0.1125 kg / m2
Time Period,
T= 2r VIla
a is the torsional constant.
a = 4'I/T?
= 4 x (r)'x 0.1125 / (1.5)'
=1.972 Nml rad
Hence, the torsional spring constant of the wire is 1.972 Nm rad.

Question 24:
A body describes simple harmonic motion with amplitude of 5 cm and a period of 0.2 s. Find
the acceleration and velocity of the body when the displacement is (a) 5 cm, (b) 3 cm,(c) Ocm.
Solution 24:
r= 5 cm = 0.05 m
T= 0.2s
o = 2n|T= 2n /0.2 = 10 z rad Is
When displacement is y, then acceleration, A= -o'y
velocity, V=ofr-y
Case (a) When y = 5cm = 0.05 m
A= -(10)'x 0.05 = -5r'mls?
V= 10r(00s)'-(0.05) =0
Case(b) When y =3 cm = 0.03 m
A= -(10z)'x 0.03 = -3r² mls?
V= 10zx W(0.05)-(0.03) =10r x0.04 = 0.47 m/s
Case (c) When y = 0
A= -(10r)'x 0 = 0
V= 10rxo.0s -(0) 10x x0.05 =0.5 mls