TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Electrical/Electronic Equipment

Servicing Level III

MODULE TITLE: Maintaining and Repairing Digital Copier
Machine
MODULE CODE: EISE EEES3 M05 0322
LO1: Prepare unit, tools and workstation
information sheet
A photocopier (also called copier or copy machine, and formerly Xerox machine, the generic
trademark) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images
onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology
called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor
to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image.
The toner is then fused onto the paper using heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Copiers can
also use other technologies, such as inkjet. Photocopying is widely used in the business,
education, and government sectors.

Construction
Construction and Mechanisms

Image processor PCB is System control, Memory control, Control of printer output image processing,
Reader image processing.
Image memory DDR is Temporary storage for image data Capacity: 64MB
Flash ROM is to store the system software and to keep the user data/service data information.
Construction of the Electrical Circuitry
Image processor PCB
0020-4211
The following is a diagram showing the major control mechanisms of the Image Processor PCB
according to connectors
The following is the image flow using the function of this equipment.
3

The main image processing of this equipment is executed by the Main controller PCB (main).
Major components of the original exposure system
The control system configuration of the original exposure system

[1] Printer main body (Connected to the image processor PCB)

[2] Connected to ADF
[3] Connected to the power supply PCB
[4] Reader motor drive control
[5] Reader motor (M401)
[6] Reader controller PCB
[7] Original sensor (horizontal scan direction)
[8] Original sensor (vertical scan direction)
[9] Contact image sensor
[10] Image signal
[11] CISHP sensor (PS503)
[12] Copyboard cover open/close sensor (Front: SR403)
[13] Copyboard cover open/close sensor (Front: SR402)
The functional configuration of the reader controller PCB

Jack No. Function

J401 Supplies power (24 VDC) from the main body (printer).
J402 Supplies power (5 VC, 3.3 VDC) from the main body (printer).
J403 Communicates with the main body (printer) (to control the ADF).
J404 Communicates with the main body (printer).
J405 Connected to the copyboard open/close sensor.
J406 Connected to the contact image sensor (CIS) HP sensor.
J407 Connected to the original sensor 1 and original sensor 2.
J408 Connected to the contact image sensor (CIS).
J409 Connected to the reader motor.
J410 Supplies power to the ADF.
J411 Communicates with the ADF (to drive the sensor).
J412 Communicates with the ADF (to drive the motor).
J413 Connected to the original sensor 3, original sensor 4, and original sensor 5.
The machine's scanner system consists of the following components:

[1] Reader motor (M401) drive signal Controls rotation/stop and rotational direction/speed of
the reader motor.
[2] Contact image sensor (CIS) HP sensor (SR401) signal Detects that the contact image sensor
(CIS) is at the home position.
[3] Copy board cover sensor (SR403 (front)/SR402 (rear)) signal Detects the open/close status of
the copy board cover.
 Reader Motor Control
0020-4232
The reader motor driver controls rotation/stop and rotational direction/speed of the reader motor
based on the signals from IC2

Image Formation Process

0020-4091
The image formation system of this machine consist of a primary charging roller, a drum unit
integrated with a drum cleaner, a toner bottle, a developing assembly, a transfer charging roller,
and so on.
The image formation process of this machine is composed of the following five blocks (7 steps):
[1] Electrostatic latent image formation block
Step 1: Primary charging (AC & Minus DC)
Step 2: Laser exposure
[2] Developing block
Step 3: Developing (AC & Minus DC bias)
[3] Transfer block
Step 4: Transfer (Plus DC)
Step 5: Separation (Minus DC)
[4] Fixing block
Step 6: Fixing (Minus DC bias)
[5] Drum cleaning block
Step 7: Drum cleaning
Basic Sequence of Operation
0020-4093
The basic sequence of operation of this machine.
- At power-on (when the door is opened/closed)
The main motor starts rotating after completion of the error check.
To prevent fogging of the drum, the developing DC bias voltage is held higher than usual during
application of the developing AC bias voltage.
During printing
To prevent fogging of the drum, the developing DC bias is held higher than usual except during
image formation.
To prevent the toner remaining on the photosensitive drum from sticking to the transfer charging
roller, the transfer roller bias which is lower than that applied during printing the is applied at the
prescribed timing.
Driving and Controlling the High-Voltage System

The voltage generated by superimposing the DC voltage over the AC voltage is applied to the
primary charging roller and developing cylinder, and a positive or negative DC voltage is applied
to the transfer charging roller according to the instruction of the CPU on the DC controller PCB.
The primary DC bias and developing DC bias are changed according to the image density
information sent from the image processor PCB, thus adjusting the image
density.
A negative DC voltage is applied to the electrostatic discharge needle and fixing film.
Drum Unit
0020-4096
Major components of the drum unit are as follows:

[1] Photosensitive drum

[2] Cleaning blade
[3] Primary charging roller
Charging Mechanism
Primary Charging Bias Control
0020-4097
With the primary charging bias method, the drum is charged directly by the charging roller.
In addition to a DC bias, an AC bias is applied to the primary charging roller to stabilize
charging. When the drum is charged, both AC and DC biases are applied. When the drum is
discharged, only the AC bias is applied.
The ASIC on the DC controller PCB outputs the primary bias drive signal (/PRACFOT), primary
AC bias ON/OFF signal (/PRACON), primary DC bias drive signal (/PRDCFOT), and primary
DC bias output level signal (/PRDCPWM) to apply the voltage generated by superimposing the
primary AC bias over the primary DC bias to the primary charging roller.
The primary AC bias is detected by the primary AC bias current detection circuit, and is fed back
to the AC generator circuit via the comparison circuit.
The primary DC bias is detected by the primary DC bias current detection circuit, and is fed back
to the DC generator circuit via the comparison circuit. Thus, this machine controls the primary
DC bias voltage. The primary DC bias voltage changes with the developing DC bias voltage
according to the image density information sent from the image processor PCB.
Developing Unit
Major components of the developing assembly

[1] Developing Assembly

[2] Stirring plate
[3] Antenna rod
[4] Developing blade
[5] Developing cylinder
 Developing Bias Control
020-4102
A DC bias and an AC bias are applied to the developing cylinder. The ASIC on the DC
controller PCB outputs the developing AC bias drive signal (/DVACFOT), developing AC bias
ON/OFF signal (/DVACON), developing DC bias drive signal (/DVDCFOT), and developing
DC bias output level signal (/DVDCPWM) to apply the voltage generated by superimposing the
developing AC bias over the developing DC bias to the developing cylinder.
To prevent fogging of the drum, a DC bias higher than usual applied except during image
formation and when the developing AC bias is applied for warm-up rotation.
The developing DC bias is detected by the developing DC bias detection circuit, and is fed back
to the DC generation circuit via the comparison circuit, thus controlling the DC bias voltage.
The developing DC bias voltage changes with the primary DC bias voltage according to the
image density information sent from the image processor PCB.
The remaining toner level is detected during warm-up rotation and when the developing AC bias
is applied for printing. The remaining toner level detection signal (TNRCHKT) sampled from the
antenna (for remaining toner level check) in the developing assembly is compared with the
reference signal (TNRCHKD) received from the developing bias detection circuit.
Toner Container
20-4104
The structure of the toner bottle is shown below.
The toner bottle is charged with 1-component, insulating, and magnetic toner. The stirring rod in
the toner bottle is rotated by the mina motor to supply toner into the developing assembly
through the toner supply port.

[1] Stirring rod

[2] Toner bottle lever
[3] Toner supply port
Transfer Unit
20-4105
The transfer unit consists of a transfer roller [1] and an static eliminator [2].
The transfer roller is driven by the photosensitive drum.
The static eliminator is biased to separate paper from the drum.

Controlling the Transfer Bias

Transfer Roller Bias Control
0020-4106
A negative bias, sheet-to-sheet bias, or positive bias is applied to the transfer charging roller
according to the type of sequence.
The negative bias is applied at the prescribed timing to moves the toner from the transfer
charging roller to the photosensitive drum for cleaning.
The sheet-to-sheet bias is lower than that applied during printing and it is applied at the
prescribed timing to prevent the toner remaining on the photosensitive drum
from adhering to the transfer charging roller.
The positive bias is applied to transfer toner images from the photosensitive drum to paper.
Separation Mechanism
Static Eliminator Bias Control
0020-4108
Two types of biases, a high-output bias and a low-output bias, are applied to the static eliminator
using the static eliminator bias drive signal (/DISDCFOT) and static eliminator bias output level
signal (/DSCPWM) issued from the DC controller PCB according to the type of the print
sequence, thus allowing the printing paper to separate easily from the photosensitive drum.
Photosensitive Drum Cleaning
0020-4110
Toner reaming on the photosensitive drum after image transfer is scraped by the photosensitive
drum cleaner blade and is fed in the waste toner box.

Waste Toner Full Detection

0020-4111
The waste toner collected by the cleaner blade is fed to the waste toner box using the waste toner
feed screw in the drum unit. A torque limiter is provided at the end of the waste toner feed screw
is provided with a torque limiter. When the waste toner box is filled with waste toner, the torque
limiter goes on to stop the waster toner feed screw. As a result, the sensor flag of the waster toner
full sensor (SR206) is pushed intermittently, reporting the waste toner full condition to the DC
controller PCB.

[1] Cleaner blade

[2] Waste toner stirring rod
[3] Waste toner box
[4] Torque limiter
[5] Drum
Locations of main units of the pickup/feeding system

[1] Pickup assembly

[2] Manual feed pickup assembly
[3] Registration roller
[4] Transfer assembly
[5] Duplex print paper feed assembly(option)*1
[6] Fixing assembly
[7] First delivery assembly
[8] Second delivery assembly(option)
The layout of the rollers used in the pickup/feeding system

[1] Pickup roller

[2] Cassette pickup roller
[3] Feed roller 1
[4] Multi pickup roller
[5] Registration roller
[6] Duplex print paper feed roller 3
[7] Transfer roller
[8] Fixing roller
[9] Duplex print paper feed roller 2
[10] Duplex print paper feed roller 1
[11] Second delivery roller
[12] First delivery roller
Paper Path Drawing

[1] Cassette pickup

[2] Manual feed pickup
[3] Delivery from copy tray 1
Paper Path Drawing (Finisher-U2)