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SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS

1 Bridge Cross Section

1 Effective span length of beam : L = 12 m
2 No. of beam : n = 12 beams
3 Beam width : b = 1 m
4 Therefore width of bridge : W = n*b = 12 m
5 Left width of sidewalk or concrete barrier : w1 = 0.45 m
6 Right width of sidewalk or concrete barrier : w2 = 0.45 m
7 No.of traffic lanes design : NL = (W-w1-w2)/3.6 = 3 lanes
8 No.of transverse tie rod per diaphragm : ntr = 1 bars/diap
9 No.of intermediately diaphragm : nd = 2 diaphragms
2 Section of Composite Beam
1 Total depth of precast beam : h = 42 cm
2 Beam width : b = 100 cm
3 Concrete topping thickness : t = 10 cm

4 Estimate the location of the C.G. of strands at midspan, measured from the bottom of beam : ybs = 10 cm
5 Side concrete covering : c1 = 5 cm 7 Top concrete covering : c3 = 5 cm
6 Bottom concrete covering : c2 = 5 cm 8 Spacing of strand (c to c) : s = 5 cm (both vert' and horz')
3 Design Section
Section 1 2 3 4 5 6 (mid-span)
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
x (m) 0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
Note: x = measured from the support , L = effective span length of beam
4 Materials Property
1 Specified concrete comp strength for precast beam at 28 days : fcp' = 350 ksc
Specified concrete comp strength for precast beam at transfer prestressing : fci' = 280 ksc
Specified concrete comp strength for concrete topping (place in-situ) at 28 days : fc' = 280 ksc
2 Grade of strand prestressing : 1,860 and Dia of strand prestressing : Øp= 9.53 mm
Tensile strength : Fpu = 18,980 ksc Section area of strand prestressing : Aps= 0.548 cm /strand
2

Yield strength : Fpy = 17,080 ksc Modulus of elasticity : Eps = 1.97E+06 ksc
Jacking (or Initial) prestressing : Fsi = 0.75Fpu = 14,235 ksc (STD 9.15.1)
3 Longitudinal reinf' (or bond for transfer prestress) yeild strength : fyl = 4,000 ksc and Es = 2.00E+06 ksc
Dia. Of longitudinal reinf' : dl = 12 mm therefore section area : A* = πd /4 =
l
2
1.13 cm2/bar
No. of top reinf' in precast beam : NAS' = 0 bars then reinf' area : As' = A*.NAS' = 0.00 cm2
No. of bot reinf' in precast beam : NAS = 0 bars then reinf' area : As = A*.NAS' = 0.00 cm2
Top fiber of precast beam to C.G. of As' : d' = 3 cm
Bot fiber of precast beam to C.G. of As : d" = 3 cm
4 Transverse reinf' yield strength : fyv = 4,000 ksc
Dia.of shear reinf' : db = 12 mm and No.of shear reinf : N = 2 legs/sec
Dia.of hoz shear reinf' : db' = 12 mm and No.of hoz shear reinf' : N' = 2 legs/sec
5 Transverse Tie Rod : Steel Grade Type A490 Ultimate strength : Fu = 10,400 ksc
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SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
Diameter of transverse tie rod : dt = 25 mm
Required effective post tensioning force ,see chart, : PTe = 7,000 kg/m

6 Unit weight of precast beam : rg = 2,400 kg/m3

Unit weight of concrete topping : rt = 2,400 kg/m3
Unit weigth of wearing surface : ρ = 2,400 kg/m3
7 Assume total losses in prestressing for prelim no. of strand : losses = 20 %
8 Relative humidity : RH = 70 %
9 Contact Surface between precast beam and concrete topping is roughened so, fiction coef' : µ = 1
5 Service Load , Load Factor and Reduction Strength
1 Wearing surface thickness : ts = 5 cm
2 No. of sidewalk or concrete barrier 2 side and weight of sidewalk or concrete barrier : wb' = 450 kg/m/side
3 Therefore wearing surface weight : Wws = ρ*ts = 120 kg/m 2

4 Live load : DOH overload factor : F = 1.3

Truck load : HS20-44 Lane load : ULL = 960 kg/m/lane
*Concentrated load for mnt : Pm = 8,100 kg
*Concentrated load for shear : Pv = 11,710 kg
Distribution factor : DF = S/D
where S = width of precast beam , D = (5.75-0.5NL)+0.7NL(1-0.2C)2 when C ≤ 5
or D = (5.75-0.5NL) when C > 5
where C = K(W/L) = 0.855 , µ = poisson's ratio for concrete = 0.2 , I = mnt of inertia of composite beam
K = {(1+µ)I/J} =0.5
0.855 , I = Moment of inertia of composite beam
So, D = 5.693 , J = St.Venant torsion constant of composite beam
Therefore : DF = 0.585 wheels/beam
DF/2 = 0.293 lanes/beam
Impact factor : I = 15/(L+38) = 0.30 (≤ 0.30) (STD Eq 3-1)
Therefore, live load bending moment and shear force per beam are :
MLL+I = F(bending moment per lane)(Distribution Factor)(1+I)
VLL+I = F(shear force per lane)(Distribution Factor)(1+I)
5 For service load design (Group I) : DL + (LL+I) (STD Table 3.22.1A)
6 For load factor design (Group I) : 1.3 DL + 2.17 (LL+I) (STD Table 3.22.1A)
7 Reduction strength for fluxural : fb = 1.00 Reduction strength for shear : fs = 0.90 (STD 9.14)
6 Strands Pattern
Section : x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5 Note : Although debonding is not addressed
Row no.1 19 19 19 19 19 19 in the Standard Specifications, Article 5.11.4.2
Row no.2 6 6 6 10 10 10 in the LRFD Specifications requires that the
Row no.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 following conditions should be satified if
Row no.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 debonding is used :
Row no.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 * % debonded of total ≤ 25%
Row no.A 2 2 2 2 2 2 * % debonded of row ≤ 40%
Row no.B 0 0 0 0 0 0 * Debonded strands should be symmetrically
No.(strands) 27 27 27 31 31 31 distributed
Row no.1 = mean row at 1 , 1 measured from bot precast beam * Exterior strands in each horizontal line
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SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
Row no.A = mean row at A , A measured from top precast beam are fully bonded

7 Distance of Parameter Variables in Service Load

Section : x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
x (m) 0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
ybs (cm) 8.48 8.48 8.48 8.68 8.68 8.68
ec (cm) 12.52 12.52 12.52 12.32 12.32 12.32
ybs = C.G of the strands group to the bottom fiber of beam
ec = Strands group eccentric form C.G of precast beam : yb-ybs
dp = Top fiber of concrete topping to C.G. of strands group
8 Distance of Parameter Variables in Ultimate Load
Section : x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
x (m) 0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
ybs (cm) 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.72 6.72 6.72
dp (cm) 45.80 45.80 45.80 45.28 45.28 45.28
ybs = C.G of the strands group to the bottom fiber of beam
dp = Top fiber of concrete topping to C.G. of strands group
9 Precast Beam Section Property
1 Gross section area : A = 4,200 cm2 2 Moment of inertia : I = 617,400 cm4
3 Distance from centroid to bottom fiber : yb = 21.00 cm
4 Distance from centroid to top fiber : yt = 21.00 cm
5 Section modulus for the bottom fiber : Sb = I/yb = 29,400 cm3
6 Section modulus for the top fiber : St = I/yt = 29,400 cm3
10 Composite Beam Section Property
1 Modular ratio between concrete topping and precast beam materials : n = Ec(topping)/Ec(beam) = 0.89
2 Transformed concrete topping : btr = n*b = 89 cm
3 Gross section area : Ac = 5,094 cm2
4 Moment of inertia : Ic = 1,123,331 cm4
5 Distance from centroid to bottom fiber of precast beam : ybc = 25.56 cm
6 Distance from centroid to top fiber of precast beam : ytb = 16.44 cm
7 Distance from centroid to top fiber of concrete topping : ytc = 26.44 cm
8 Section modulus for bottom fiber of precast beam : Sbc = Ic/ybc = 43,941 cm3
9 Section modulus for top fiber of precast beam : Stb = Ic/ytb = 68,349 cm3
10 Section modulus for top fiber of concrete topping : Stc = Ic/n/ytc = 47,509 cm3
11 St.Venant torsion constant : J = {bh3(1-0.63h/b)/3+btrt3(1-0.63t/btr)/3}= 1,843,858 cm4
11 Shear Force and Bending Moment
For simply supported beam, load with a uniform distribute load (w) the shear force (V) and
bending moment (M) at a distance (x) form tV = w(0.5L - x) and M = 0.5wx(L - x)
1 Precast beam weight : wg = rgA = 1,008 kg/m
2 Concrete topping weight : wt = rttb = 240 kg/m
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SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
3 Wearing surface weight : wws = Wwsb = 120 kg/m
4 Sidewalk or concrete barrier : wb = wb'no./n = 75 kg/m
5 Live load
It can be shown that this equivalent lane loading may govern the design of spans longer than 43 m for
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bending moment and 36 m for shear force.

The following formulas will be used to calculate the maximum bending moment and maximum shear force per lane

at any point on a span for the HS20-44 design truck and impact is not included.

Load type x/L Formula for maximum Minimum

bending moment (t-m) x (m) L (m)
HS20-44 0-0.33 32.5x(L-x-2.80)/L 0.0 8.40
0.33-0.50 32.5x(L-x-1.40)/L-15 4.20 8.40

Load type x/L Formula for maximum Minimum Maximum

shear force (ton) x (m) L (m) L (m)
HS20-44 0-0.50 32.5(L-x-1.40)/L-3.60 4.20 8.40 12.60
0-0.50 32.5(L-x-2.78)/L 0.00 12.60 -

Load type x/L Formula for maximum Formula for maximum

bending moment (t-m) shear force (ton)
Lane Load 0-0.50 0.96x(L-x)/2+(Pm-Pmx/L)x 0.96(0.5L-x)+Pv-Pvx/L

Table 1 Unfactor Bending Moment

x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Mg (t-m) 0 2 3 7 15 18
Mt (t-m) 0 0 1 2 4 4
Mws(t-m) 0 0 0 1 2 2
Mb (t-m) 0 0 0 0 1 1
MLL+I(t-m) 0 3 7 13 27 30
Mtotal(t-m) 0 6 11 22 49 56

Table 2 Unfactor Shear Force

x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Vg (ton) 6 6 5 5 2 0
Vt (ton) 1 1 1 1 1 0
Vws(ton) 1 1 1 1 0 0
Vb(ton) 0 0 0 0 0 0
VLL+I(ton) 12 12 12 11 8 4
Vtotal(ton) 21 20 20 18 11 4

Table 3 Factor Bending Moment and Factor Shear Force

x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Mu (t-m) 0 10 20 40 87 98
Vu (ton) 38 37 36 32 21 10
12 Estimate of Required Prestressing Strands
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SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
1 The required number of strands is usually governed by concrete tensile stresss at bottom fiber at the consider section
2 Eccentric of prestressing strands group : e = yb - ybs = 11 cm

3 Required eff' prestressing force : Pe = ((Mg+Mt)/Sb+(Mws+Mb+MLL+I)/Sbc+Ft)/(1/A+e/Sb) : Ft =-1.6sqrt(fcp')

4 Required jacking prestressing force : Pj = Pe/(1-loss)
5 Therefore No.of strands required : No. = Pj/(FsiAps)

Table 4 Estimate Required No. of Strands

x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Pe(ton) -49 -25 0 49 167 199
Pj(ton) -61 -31 0 61 209 249
No.(stds) -8 -4 0 8 27 32
No. of strands at 1st row : Row no1 = 19 strands (max)
13 Prestress Losses (STD 9.16.2)
1 Total losses : TL = SH+ES+CRc+CRs (STD Eq. 9-3)
2 Shrinkage loss : SH = 1200-11RH = 430 ksc (STD Eq. 9-4)
3 Elastic shortening loss : ES = (Eps/Eci)fcir : fcir = Psi/A+P e /I-Mgec/I : Psi ≈ 0.69FpuNo.Aps
si c
2
(STD Eq. 9-6)
4 Creep of concrete loss : CRc = 12fcir-7fcds : fcds = Mtec/I+MSDL(ybc-ybs)/Ic (STD Eq. 9-9)
5 Relaxation of prestressing reinforcement loss : CRs = 360-0.1ES-0.05(SH+CRc) (STD Eq. 9-10A)
Table 5 Total Losses in Prestressing Strand
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
fcir(ksc) 95 92 89 95 77 71
fcds(ksc) 0 1 3 5 12 14
SH(ksc) 430 430 430 430 430 430
ES (ksc) 738 713 687 733 598 554
CRc(ksc) 1,144 1,096 1,047 1,101 846 760
CRs(ksc) 207 212 217 210 236 245
TL (ksc) 2,520 2,452 2,382 2,474 2,110 1,989
14 Concrete Stresses at Transfer Prestressing Force
1 Allowable concrete stress limits : (STD 9.15.2.1)
Comp : Fci = 0.6fci' = 168 ksc Tens : Fti = -Min(0.8sqrt(fci'), 13.80) = -13.4 ksc (w/o bond reinf')
= -2sqrt(fci') = -33.5 ksc (with bond reinf')
2 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the precast beam : ft = Pi/A-Piec/St+Mg/St : Pi = (0.75Fpu-ES)No.Aps
3 Concrete stress at the bot fiber of the precast beam : fb = Pi/A+Piec/Sb-Mg/Sb
4 Total tension force in the concrete at tension zone of precast beam : Tt ≈ 1/2ftbh/2
5 If ft > Min(0.8sqrt(fci'), 13.8) then req no.of bond reinf' at tension zone : Nb = Tt/(0.5fylA)
Table 6 Stresses at Transfer
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Pi (ton) 200 200 200 229 232 232
ft (ksc) -37 -32 -27 -19 10 20
fb (ksc) 133 127 122 129 100 91
Tt (ton) -39 -34 -28 -20 N/T N/T
Nb (bar) N/C 15 12 9 - -
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15 Concrete Stresses at Service Loads

1 Allowable concrete stress limits (STD 9.15.2.2)
Comp : Case (I) For all load combinations
Fcp = 0.60fcp' = 210 ksc for precast beam
Fc = 0.60fc' = 168 ksc for concrete topping
Case (II) For effective pretension force + dead loads
Fcp = 0.40fcp' = 140 ksc for precast beam
Fc = 0.40fc' = 112 ksc for concrete topping
Case (III) For live load + 1/2(pretensioning + dead loads)
Fcp = 0.40fcp' = 140 ksc for precast beam
Fc = 0.40fc' = 112 ksc for concrete topping
Tens : All cases Ft = -1.6sqrt(fcp') = -30 ksc for precast beam
2 Case (I) For all load combinations
2.1 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the precast beam : ft = Pe/A-Peec/St+(Mg+Mt)/St+(Mb+Mws)/Stg+MLL+I/Stg
2.2 Concrete stress at the bot fiber of the precast beam : fb = Pe/A+Peec/Sb-(Mg+Mt)/Sb- (Mb+Mws)/Sbc- MLL+I/Sbc
2.3 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the concrete topping : fts = (Mb+Mws)/Stc+MLL+I/Stc : Pe = (0.75Fpu-TL)No.Aps
Table 7 Case I : Stresses at Service Loads
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Pe (ton) 173 174 175 200 206 208
ft (ksc) -33 -21 -9 12 71 87
fb (ksc) 115 101 86 72 3 -15
fts (ksc) 0 7 15 30 63 70
3 Case (II) For effective pretension force + dead loads
3.1 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the precast beam : ft = Pe/A-Peec/St+(Mg+Mt)/St+(Mb+Mws)/Stg
3.2 Concrete stress at the bot fiber of the precast beam : fb = Pe/A+Peec/Sb-(Mg+Mt)/Sb- (Mb+Mws)/Sbc
3.3 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the concrete topping : fts = (Mb+Mws)/Stc : Pe = (0.75Fpu-TL)No.Aps
Table 8 Case II : Stresses at Service Loads
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Pe (ton) 173 174 175 200 206 208
ft (ksc) -33 -26 -18 -7 31 44
fb (ksc) 115 108 101 101 64 52
fts (ksc) 0 1 1 3 6 7
4 Case (III) For live load + 1/2(pretensioning + dead loads)
4.1 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the precast beam : ft = 1/2(Pe/A-Peec/St+(Mg+Mt)/St+(Mb+Mws)/Stg) +MLL+I/Stg
4.2 Concrete stress at the bot fiber of the precast beam : fb = 1/2(Pe/A+Peec/Sb-(Mg+Mt)/Sb- (Mb+Mws)/Sbc)- MLL+I/Sbc
4.3 Concrete stress at the top fiber of the concrete topping : fts = 1/2(Mb+Mws)/Stc+ MLL+I/Stc : Pe = (0.75Fpu-TL)No.Aps
Table 9 Case III : Stresses at Service Loads
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
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Pe (ton) 173 174 175 200 206 208
ft (ksc) -16 -8 0 15 55 65
fb (ksc) 58 47 36 21 -29 -41
fts (ksc) 0 7 14 28 60 66

16 Flexural Strength
1 After concrete cracking use strain compatibility method for cal' Ult flexural strength of section design.The assumtions
1. Strands are bonded to the concrete.
2. The initial strain from the effective prestress in the strand with no moment from applied loads act on the section
3. Stress-strain properties for the materials are known, concrete use Hognestad equation (ult strain is specified at 0.003) ,
Long' reinf' use elastic-plastic model and prestressing strand use bilinear model (second linear is slope,
yield strain is specified at 0.01 and ult strain at 0.06).
4. Strain assume to be distributed linearly over the overall depth of the beam (plane section remain plane).
5. Tension and comp forces acting on the cross section must be in equilibrium for the beam w/o external axial force.
2 The cracking moment at consider section : Mcr = (Mp + ∆Mcr)
Where Mp = Mg + Mt , ∆Mcr = (R.Pi.Sb/A + R.Pi.ec - Mp + fr.Sb)/mb , mb = Sb/Sbc = 0.67
R = Pe/Pi , fr = 2sqrt(fcp') = 37 ksc
Table 10 Cracking Moment
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Mp (t-m) 0 2 4 8 19 22
R 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.90
ΔMcr (t-m) 67 64 62 62 48 43
Mcr (t-m) 67 66 66 70 67 65
1.2Mcr(t-m) 80 80 79 84 80 78

3 Ultimate flexural strength : ØbMn = Øb(Cc1x1+Cc2x2+Cs(c-t-d')+Tps(dp-c)+Ts(h+t-d"-c))

Where Cc1 = bfcp'Ø(c-t)2/ε0[1-Ø(c-t)/(3ε0)] if c ≤ t then Cc1 = 0
Cc2 = bfc'[Øc2/ε0-Ø2c3/(3ε02)-Ø(c-t)2/ε0+Ø2(c-t)3/(3ε02)] if t = 0 then Cc2 = 0
and if c ≤ t then Cc2 = bfc'Øc2/ε0[(1-Øc/(3ε0)]
Cs = Ø(c-t-d')EsAs' if (c-t-d') < 0 then Cs = 0
Tps = (εp+εse+εce)EpsNo.Aps : εp = Ø(dp-c) , εse = Pe/(No.ApsEps) , εce = (Pe/A + Pee2/I)/Eps
Ts = Ø(h+t-d"-c)EsAs
x1 = (c-t)[8ε0-3Ø(c-t)]/[12ε0-4Ø(c-t)] if c ≤ t then x1 = 0
x2 = [2c3/3-Øc4/(4ε0)-2(c-t)3/3+Ø(c-t)4/(4ε0)]/[c2-Øc3/(3ε0)-(c-t)2+Ø(c-t)3/(3ε0)] if t = 0 then x2 = 0
and if c ≤ t then x2 = c(8ε0-3Øc)/(12ε0-4Øc)
ε0 = strain at ult strength of concrete shall be specified at 0.002
c = top fiber to neutral axis
Ø = Curvature = 0.003/c at nominal flexural strength (Mn)
Table 11 Ultimate Flexural Strength
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
c(cm) ### ### ### ### ### ###
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fps(ksc) ### ### ### ### ### ###
Mn(t-m) ### ### ### ### ### ###
ØbMn(t-m) ### ### ### ### ### ###

17 Ductility Limits
Maximum Prestressing Reinforcement : ###
Minimum Prestressing Reinforcement : The total amount of pretensioned and non-pretensioned reinforcement
should be adequate to develop an ultimate moment at the critical section at least 1.2 times the cracking moment, Mcr
18 Shear Design (STD 9.20)
1 Pretensioned members subject to shear should be designed so that : Vu ≤ Øs(Vc+Vs) (STD Eq 9-26)
2 Nominal shear strength provide by concrete : Vc = min(Vci, Vcw)
Vci = 0.16sqrt(fcp')bdp+Vd+ViMcr/Mmax ≥ 0.45sqrt(fpc')bdp (STD Eq 9-27)
Where Vd = Unfactor shear force at the section due to dead load : Vg+Vt+Vb+Vws
Mmax = Maximum factored moment at section due to externally applied loads : Mu-Md
Md = Bending moment at section due to unfactored dead load : Mg+Mt+Mb+Mws
Vi = Factor shear force at section due to externally applied loads occurring simultaneously with Mmax :
'= Vu-Vd
Mcr = Moment causing flexural cracking of section due to externally applied loads (after dead load):
'= (1.6sqrt(fcp') + fpe - fd)Sbc (STD Eq 9-28)
fpe = Compressive stress in concrete due to effective pretension forces only, at extreme fiber of
section where tensile stress is caused by externally applied loads.: Pe/A+Peec/Sb
fd = Stress due to unfactored dead load, at extreme fiber of section where tensile stress is caused by
externally applied loads : (Mg+Mt)/Sb + (Mb+Mws)/Sbc
b = width of beam
dp = Distance from top of slab to C.G. of strand group but must more than 0.8(h+t)
Vcw = (0.93sqrt(fcp')+0.30fpc)bdp+Vp (STD Eq 9-29)

Where fpc = Compressive stress in concrete (after allow for all pretension losses) at centroid of cross section
resisting externally applied load.For a non composite section :
fpc = Pe/A-Peec(ybc-yb)/I+(Mg+Mt)(ybc-yb)/I : ybc-yb = 5 cm
Vp = Vertical component of prestress force : Vp = Pesinα = Peα = 0 ton
Table 12 Nominal Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Vd (ton) 9 8 8 7 3 0
Md (t-m) 0 2 5 9 22 26
Mmax(t-m) 0 8 16 31 65 72
Vi (ton) 30 29 28 26 18 10
fpe (ksc) 115 116 116 131 135 137
fd (ksc) 0 7 14 28 64 76
Mcr (t-m) 64 61 58 59 44 40
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dp (cm) 46 46 46 45 45 45
Vci (ton) 39 249 125 69 38 38
fpc (ksc) 25 27 29 35 44 47
Vcw (ton) 114 117 119 127 139 143
Vc (ton) 39 117 119 69 38 38
Note : if Vu< ØsVc/2 then shear reinf' may be omitted , the sections located at a distance less than hc/2 form
the face of the support may be designed for the same Vu as that computed at a distance hc/2

3 Required reinforcement shear strength : Vs = Vu/fs - Vc

4 Specification the max reinforcement shear strength : Vs(m) =2.1sqrt(fcp')bdp (STD 9.20.3.1)
5 Required spacing shear reinforcement : s = NAv'fyvdp/Vs (STD Eq 9-30)
6 Specification minimun shear reinforcement :
sm1 = min( NAv'fyv/(3.5b), NAv'fyv/(0.2sqrt(fcp')b), 80NfyvAv'dp/(No.ApsFpusqrt(dp/b)) : Av' = πdb2/4
7 Specification maximum spacing shear reinforcement :
Case I Vs ≤ 1.1sqrt(fcp')bdp , sm2 = min(0.75hc , 60)
Case II Vs > 1.1sqrt(fcp')bdp , sm2 = min(0.375hc , 30)
Table 13 Spacing of Shear Reinforcement
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
Vs (ton) - 0 0 0 0 0
Vs(m) (ton) - 180 180 178 178 178
Section - O.K O.K O.K O.K O.K Section O.K
s (cm) - - - - - -
sm1 (cm) - 24 24 24 24 24
sm2 (cm) - 39 39 39 39 39
So, s (cm) Not Req Not Req Not Req 24 24 Not Req
19 Horizontal Shear Design
1 Ultimate horizontal shear : vuh = Vu/(bdp)
Table 14 Ultimate horizontal shear
x/L 0 0.0225 0.047 0.1 0.3 0.5
vuh (ksc) 8.34 8.06 7.75 7.17 4.64 2.10

2 Horizontal shear strength provide by concrete with shear connector : Øsvnh = 22.14 ksc (STD 9.20.4.3)
Horizontal shear strength provide by concrete w/o shear connector : Øsvnh = 5.04 ksc (STD 9.20.4.3)

3 Spec min shear connector spacing : s = min(NAv"fyv/(3.5b), 4b, 60) = 26 cm (STD 9.20.4.4)
4 If vuh>Øsvnh then should be provided shear reinforcement : Av = Vuh*/(Øsfyvµ) = - cm2
where Vuh* = 0.85fc'ab = - ton (Consider at mid-span)
5 Required spacing of shear connector : s = LN'Av"/(2Av) = - cm (along span length)
20 Pretensioned Anchorage Zone
1 In pretensioned beams, vertical stirrups acting at a unit stress of 1400 ksc to resist at least 4% of the total pretensioning
force should be placed within the distance of dp/4 of the end of the beam. (STD 9.22.1)
2 Minimum stirrups at the each end of the precast beam :
Ps = Prestress force before initial losses : Ps = 0.75FpuNo.Aps = 211 ton
 PROJECT : คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก อ่าวไทย ระยะที่ 1 Prepared By : OTS
SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
Therefore required Av = 4%Ps/1400
6 cm= 2
& dp/4 = 11 cm
Required No. of stirrup legs : n = Av/Av' = 6 legs (Provided stirrups are enclosed)
21 Deflection and Camber
1 Camber due to pretensioning force at transfer : ∆p = 2PiecL2/(16EciI) = 3.28 cm
2 Deflection due to precast beam selfweigth : ∆g = -5wgL /(384EciI) =
4
-1.73 cm
3 Deflection at transfer : ∆p+∆g = 1.55 cm
4 Deflection at erection, use PCI multipliers : ∆i = 1.80∆p + 1.85∆g = 2.70 cm
5 Deflection due to concrete topping : ∆t = -5wtL4/(384EcI) = -0.37 cm
6 Deflection due to barrier and wearing surface : ∆SDL = -5(wb+wws)L4/(384EcIc) = -0.16 cm

7 Deflection at final due to dead load, PCI multiplier : ∆f = 2.20∆p+2.40∆g+3.00∆SDL+2.30∆t = 1.72 cm

8 Deflection due to live load : Truck load : ∆TR = -2.66 cm/lane
Lane load : ∆LL = -1.72 cm/lane
Therefore live load+impact deflection : max(∆TR,∆LL)(1+I)DF/2 = -1.01 cm
9 Live load+impact deflection limit : ∆all = L/800 = O.K -1.50 cm
Note : Sign convention : - mean downward , + mean upward
22 Transverse Post Tensioning
1 The post tensioning force required is : PT = PTe* L/(nd +1) = 28,000 kg/diaph
2 Assume the effective pretension to be 55% of the ultimate strength of the tie rod : Peff = 0.55Fu = 5,720 ksc
3 Thus, total area tie rod required : APT = PT/Peff = 4.90 cm2
4 Required No. tie rod : Ntr = APT/(pi*d /4) =
t
2
O.K 1 < 1.00 bars
 PROJECT : คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก อ่าวไทย ระยะที่ 1 Prepared By : OTS
SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS

Total Losses of Prestressing Force

20
Total Losses%

18

16

14

12

10

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
Distance (m)

Concrete Stresses at Transfer Prestressing Force of Precast Bea

200
Stress (ksc)

150

Fti(w/o
100 b)
Fti(wit
h b)
Fci
50 ft
fb

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00

-50 Distance (m)

Required Bonded Reinforcement at Upper Region of C.G of Precast Beam Sign : - tens , + comp
Positon : x (m) 0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
Nb (bar) N/C 15 12 9 - -

Note : Tensile stress will begin to consider at transfer length section (50 dia of strand form end beam)
Fti = Allowable tension in concrete at transfer = -0.8sqrt(fci') (w/o bond reinf')
= -2sqrt(fci') (with bond reinf')
Fci = Allowable compression in concrete at transfer =0.6fci'
 PROJECT : คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก อ่าวไทย ระยะที่ 1 Prepared By : OTS
SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
ft = Stress at top fiber of the precast beam
fb = Stress at bottom fiber of the precast beam

Case (I) Concrete Stresses at Service Loads of Precast Beam

250

200
Stress (ksc)

150
F
t
100
F
c

50

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00

-50 Distance (m)

Case (I) Concrete Stresses at Service Loads of Concrete Toppin

200
Stress (ksc)

150

100
F
t

50

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00

-50 Distance (m)

Note : Case (I) = All load combinations Sign : - tens , + comp

Ft = Allowable tension in concrete at service loads
 PROJECT : คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก อ่าวไทย ระยะที่ 1 Prepared By : OTS
SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
Fc = Allowable compression in concrete at service loads
ft = Stress at top fiber of the precast beam
fb = Stress at bottom fiber of the precast beam
fts = Stress at top fiber of the concrete topping

Case (II) Concrete Stresses at Service Loads of Precast Beam

150
Stress (ksc)

100

F
t
50
F
c

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00

-50 Distance (m)

Case (II) Concrete Stresses at Service Loads of Concrete Toppin

120

100
Stress (ksc)

80

60
F
40 t

20

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
-20

-40 Distance (m)

 20

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
-20

PROJECT Distance
-40 : คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก อ่าวไทย (m) 1
ระยะที่ Prepared By : OTS
SUBJECT : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS

Note : Case (II) = Effective pretension force + Dead loads Sign : - tens , + comp
Ft = Allowable tension in concrete at service loads
Fc = Allowable compression in concrete at service loads
ft = Stress at top fiber of the precast beam
fb = Stress at bottom fiber of the precast beam
fts = Stress at top fiber of the concrete topping

Case (III) Concrete Stresses at Service Load of Precast Beam

200

150
Stress (ksc)

100
F
t
50
F
c

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00

-50

-100 Distance (m)

Case (III) Concrete Stresses at Service Load of Concrete Toppin

120

100
Stress (ksc)

80

60
F
40 t

20

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
-20

-40 Distance (m)

 60

S
F
40 t

20

0
PROJECT0.00 0.27
: คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก0.56 1.201
อ่าวไทย ระยะที่ 3.60 6.00 By : OTS
Prepared
-20 : DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m.
SUBJECT Checked By : OTS

-40 Distance (m)

Note : Case (III) = Live load + 1/2(Pretensioning + Dead loads) Sign : - tens , + comp
Ft = Allowable tension in concrete at service loads
Fc = Allowable compression in concrete at service loads
ft = Stress at top fiber of the precast beam
fb = Stress at bottom fiber of the precast beam
fts = Stress at top fiber of the concrete topping

Comparision Moment Strength and Ultimate Moment

120
Moment (t-m)

100

80

fMn
60
Mu

40

20

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
Distance (m)

Ductility Limits
Maximum Prestressing Reinforcement : #VALUE!
Minimum Prestressing Reinforcement : Consider at mid-span at 1.2Mcr = 78 t-m
Ultimate moment strength at mid-span (critical section) ØMn = #VALUE! t-m #VALUE!

Comparison Concrete Shear Strength and Ultimate Shear

120
Shear (ton)

100

80

fVc
60
Vu

40

20
 120

Shear (ton)
100

80
PROJECT : คลองระบายน้ำหลาก ป่าสัก อ่าวไทย ระยะที่ 1 Prepared By : OTS
fVc
SUBJECT
60: DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRE-TENSION PLANK SLAB : SPAN 12 m. Checked By : OTS
Vu

40

20

0
0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
Distance (m)

Spacing of Shear Reinforcement

Positon : x (m) 0.00 0.27 0.56 1.20 3.60 6.00
Spacing : s (cm) Not Req Not Req Not Req 24 24 Not Req Section O.K

Horizontal Shear Design

Specification min. shear connector spacing : s = min(NAv"fyv/(3.5bw), 4hf, 60) = 26 cm
Required spacing of shear connector : s = LN'Av"/(2Av) = - cm
Therefore Spacing of shear connector : s = (along span length) 26 cm
Pretensioned Anchorage Zone
Required No. of stirrup legs : n = Av/Av' = 6 legs (provided stirrups are enclosed)
Within distance : dp/4 = 11 cm
Deflection and Camber
Deflection at erection, use PCI multipliers : ∆i = 1.80∆p + 1.85∆g = 2.70 cm
Deflection at final due to dead load, PCI multiplier : ∆f = 2.20∆p+2.40∆g+3.00∆SDL+2.30∆s = 1.72 cm
Llive load+impact deflection : max(∆TR,∆LL)(1+I)DF/2 = -1.01 cm
Live load+impact deflection limit : ∆all = L/800 = O.K -1.50 cm
Note : Sign convention : - mean downward , + mean upward
Transverse Post Tensioning
The post tensioning force required is : PT = PTe* L/(nd +1) = 28,000 kg/diaph
Assume the eff pretension to be 55% of the ultimate strength of the tie rod : Peff = 0.55Fu = 5,720 ksc
Thus, total area tie rod required : APT = PT/Peff = 4.90 cm2
Required No. tie rod : Ntr = APT/(pi*d /4) =
t
2
O.K 1 < 1.00 bars
 Serviceability Limit State (ksc)
Position Total Transfer Prestressing Force (ksc) case I case II case III Ultimate Limit State (t-m)
(m) losses % Ft (w/o reinf) Ft (with reinf) Fc ft fb Fcp Fc Ft ft fb fts Fcp Fc Ft ft fb fts Fcp Fc Ft ft fb fts ØMn ØVc
0.00 17.70 -13 -33 168 -37 133 210 168 -30 -33 115 0 140 112 -30 -33 115 0 140 112 -30 -16 58 0 ### 35
0.27 17.22 -13 -33 168 -32 127 210 168 -30 -21 101 7 140 112 -30 -26 108 1 140 112 -30 -8 47 7 ### 105
0.56 16.73 -13 -33 168 -27 122 210 168 -30 -9 86 15 140 112 -30 -18 101 1 140 112 -30 0 36 14 ### 107
1.20 17.38 -13 -33 168 -19 129 210 168 -30 12 72 30 140 112 -30 -7 101 3 140 112 -30 15 21 28 ### 62
3.60 14.83 -13 -33 168 10 100 210 168 -30 71 3 63 140 112 -30 31 64 6 140 112 -30 55 -29 60 ### 34
6.00 13.97 -13 -33 168 20 91 210 168 -30 87 -15 70 140 112 -30 44 52 7 140 112 -30 65 -41 66 ### 34
Ultimate Limit State (t-m)
Mu Vu
0 38
10 37
20 36
40 32
87 21
98 10