DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

M.E (STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING)

SUBJECT: ADVANCED SOILD MECHANICS

COURSE CODE: P24SE102

COURSE COORDINATOR: G.SRIKANTH CHARI

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

UNIT – I

S.No Each Question contains 12 Mark Ma CO BTL

rks
Questions
1. a) If the displacement field in a body is specified u=(x2+3)10-3 , v=(3y2z)10-3 and 3 C01 BTL-5
v=(x+3z)10-3 determine the strain components at a point whose coordinates are
(1,2,3)
b) Develop the relationship between stress and strain for an isotropic material in 4 C01 BTL-4
terms of Lame’s coefficient
 c) The state of strain at a point is given by 5 C01 BTL-3
εx=0.003 ɣxy=0.0001
εy=0.0008 ɣyz=0.0005
εz=0.0007 ɣzx=0.0002
Take E=200Gpa and µ=0.3, calculate
a) Volumetric strain
b)Lame’s constant
c)equivalent stresses
d) stress tensor at this point.

2. a) The displacement components in a strained body are as follows: 6 C01 BTL-5

u = 0.01xy + 0.02y2 ,v = 0.02x2 + 0.01z 3 y, w = 0.01xy2 + 0.05z 2
Determine the strain matrix at the point P (3,2, -5)
b) The following are the principal stress at a point in a stressed material. Taking 6 C01 BTL-3
E = 210kN /mm2 and n = 0.3, calculate the volumetric strain and the Lame’s
constants.
σx=200N /mm2 , σy=150N /mm2 , σz=120N / mm2
3 a) The stress tensor at a point given as 6 C01 BTL-5
150 90 50
[ 90 100 120] Mpa
50 120 75
Take E= 210 Gpa, µ= 0.28 Determine
(a) Equivalent strains
(b) Strain tensor
b) Given the following stress fields 6 C01 BTL-3
σx= 40x2+6xy, τxy =0
σy= 60y+20, τyz =xy3+yz3+zx3
σz= 50z2, τxz= 9xy+6y2z
Assuming E=210 Gpa, µ= 0.25, calculate the strains at the point (1,3,2).
4 a) Define the plane stress and strain with ONE example each. 4 C01 BTL-1

b) In a plane stress problem σx=60MPa , σy=-35MPa, τxy=50MPa, E=200 Gpa, 3 C01 BTL-5
µ= 0.3
i)Determine strain component €z
ii) If the problem is a case of plane strain case determine component σz.
c) b) Given the following stress fields 5 C01 BTL-5
σx= 40x2+6xy, τxy =0
σy= 60y+20, τyz =xy3+yz3+zx3
 σz= 50z2, τxz= 9xy+6y2z
Evaluate the body force distribution required for equilibrium and the body force
stress component at point (3,4,2).
5. a) Develop the equilibrium equation in rectangular coordinate for three- 6 C01 BTL-4
dimensional system?
b) The stress components at a point in a body are given by 6 C01 BTL-5
σx= 3xy2z+2x, τxy =0
σy= 5xyz+3y, τyz =τxz=3xy2z+2xy
σz= x2y+y2z
Determine whether these components of stress satisfy the equilibrium equations
(or) not as the point (1, -1, 2) If not then determine the suitable body force
required at this point so that these stress components are under equilibrium.
6 a) The components of strain at a point in a body are as follows 6 C01 BTL-3
€x=C1Z (x2+y2), €y=x2.z, γxy=2C2xyz
Where C1 and C2 are constants. Examine whether the strain field is compatible?
b) The stress tensor at a point is given by the following array 6 C01 BTL-5
50 −20 40
[−20 20 10] (Kpa)
40 10 30
Determine the stress vector on the plane where unit normal has direction cosines
1 1 1
, ,
√2 2 2

7 a) Determine whether the following strain fields are compatible at the point (- 6 C01 BTL-5
1,0,3)
€x=10xy+6z, γxy=10xy2
€y=10x2y+2x2, γyz=2yz2
€z=5x2z+4y2, γzx=5xz2
b) The state of stress at a point in a body is given by the matrix shown below 6 C01 BTL-5
𝜎 2 1
σij= [ 2 0 1]
1 2 0
Determine ‘σ’such that there is at least one plane passing through the point in
such a way that the resultant stress component on that plane is zero.
8 a)A rectangular bar of metal of cross section 30mm x 25mm is subjected to an 6 C01 BTL-3
axial tensile force of 180 KN. Calculate the normal, shear and resultant stresses
on a plane who’s normal has the following direction cosines: -
1
L= m= √2 and n= 0
 b) At a point in a stressed material, the cartesian stress components are: 6 C01 BTL-3
σx= -50Mpa, σy=40Mpa, σz=20Mpa
τxy= τyx=-25Mpa, τyz= τzy=10Mpa, τxz= τzx=-5Mpa
Calculate the normal shear and resultant stresses on a plane who’s normal makes
an angle of 62° with the x-axis and 35° with the y-axis.
9 a) The principal stress at a point is given as 6 C01 BTL-3
σ1=220Mpa, σ2=169 Mpa, σ3=70 Mpa
Calculate normal stresses (σn) and shear (τn) on the plane, the normal of which is
inclined at 50° and 60° w.r.t to σ1 and σ2.
b) A body is subjected to three- dimensional forces and the state of stress at a 6 C01 BTL-5
point in it is represented as
200 200 200
[200 −100 200 ] Mpa
200 200 −100
Determine the normal stress, shearing stress and resultant stress on the octahedral
plane.
10. a)Define Direction cosines. 2 C01 BTL-1

b) Explain about the Cauchy’s stress formula. 2 C01 BTL-2

b) Develope the expressions for normal and shear stresses on orbitrary plane 8 C01 BTL-4

UNIT – II
S.No Each Question contains 12 Mark Ma CO BTL
rks
Questions
1. a) Determine stress invariants. 2 C02 BTL-5

b) Explain the procedure to determine direction cosines of principal stresses 3 C02 BTL-2

c) The state of stress at a point is given by 7 C02 BTL-5

σx= 150Mpa, σy= 60Mpa, σz= -90Mpa

τxy= -50Mpa, τyz= -75Mpa, τxz= 30Mpa

Determine the three- principal stresses and their directions. Also find the
maximum shear stress.
2 a) Develop the expression for normal and shear stresses acting on an octahedral 6 C02 BTL-4
plane.
b)The state of stress at a point is given by 6 C02 BTL-3
175 −20 40
[−20 75 30] Mpa
40 30 50
 Calculate the octahedral normal and shear stresses for their system

3 a) A stress system has three principal stresses σ1= 50Mpa, σ2= 20Mpa, σ3= - 6 C02
10Mpa.
BTL-5
Determine the octahedral normal stress and octahedral shear stress for this
system.
b) Explain about the hydrostatic state of stress and Deviatoric state of stress C02 BTL-2

c) The components of stress at a point are given by the following array of terms: C02 BTL-5
5 −1 −5
[−1 9 3 ] Mpa
−5 3 7
Determine the spherical and deviatoric stress components.
4 The state of stress at a point ‘P’ relative to xyz co-ordinate system is 6 C02 BTL-5
50 −25 15
[𝜎] = [−25 30 10] Mpa
15 10 20
Determine the stress at the same point if the coordinates system is rotated (x,y,z)
?
axis x y z
x’ 30° 60° 90°
y’' 120° 30° 90°
’
z 90° 90° 90°
b) For the given displacement field 6 C02 BTL-5
U= c (x2+2z), v= c (4x+2y2 +z), w= 4cz2
Where ‘c’ is a very small constant, Determine Resultant strain , Normal strain,
1 1
Shear strain , at (2,1,3) in the direction 0,√2 , √2 .

5 a) Given the state of stress at a point as below 6 C02 BTL-5

70 80 50
[80 −60 40] Mpa
50 40 30
Considering another set of coordinate’s axes, x y z in which z’ coincides with z
and x’ is rotated by 40° anticlockwise from x-axis, Determine the stress
components in new- coordinates system.
b) For the state of strain given below below 6 C02 BTL-3
 0.059 0 0
€ij= [ 0 0.0284 0 ]
0 0 0.00193
Calculate the normal, shear and resultant strains acting on a plane the normal
strain of which is inclined at 64° and 73° with the major and minor principal
strains.
6 a) The strain components at a point are given by 6 C02 BTL-5
€x= 0.01, €y=-0.02, €z=0.03
γxy=0.015, γyz=0.02, γzx=-0.01
Determine the normal and shearing strains on the octahedral plane.
b) The state of strain at a point is given by 6 C02 BTL-5
€x= 0.01, €y= 0.03, €z= 0.05
γxy= 0.024, γyz= 0.016, γzx= 0.030
Determine the three principal strains. Also find the directions of the major
principal strain.
7 a) The state of strain at a point is given by 6 C02 BTL-3
€x= 0.03, €y= -0.008, €z= 0.06
γxy= 0.034, γyz= -0.09, γzx= 0.02
Calculate the octahedral normal and shear strains for this system.
b )The strain components at a point with respect to the x, y and z axis are 6 C02 BTL-5
€x= 0.5, €y= 0.3, €z= 0.2
γxy= 0.16, γyz= 0.20, γzx= 0.12
If the co-ordinates axes are rotated about the x-axis through 50° in counter
clockwise direction, determine the new strain components.

8 a) A strain system has three principal strains 6 C02 BTL-5

€1= 0.06, €2= -0.04, €3= -0.08
Determine the octahedral normal and shear strain for this system
b) Data taken from a 45° strain rose the reads as follows 6 C02 BTL-3
€0= 750 micro meter/m
€45= -110 micro meter/m
€90= 210 micro meter/m
Calculate the principal strains, their orientation and the principal take µ=0.3 and
E= 200 Gpa.
9 a) A 0°, 60° , 120° delta strain gauge rosette is bonded to the surface of a thin 8 C02 BTL-5
steel plate. Under a particular loading condition, the strain measurements are
€0= 50 µ/m, €60= 150 µ/m, €120= 100 µ/m
Determine the principal strains, their orientations and the principal stresses.
b) Define reciprocal theorem . 2 C02 BTL-1

c) Define the principle of superposition 2 C02 BTL-1

 UNIT – III
S.No Each Question contains 12 Mark Mar CO BTL
ks
Questions

1. a) Describe the Airy’s stress functions with the help of second degree 4 C03 BTL-1
polynomial?
b) Prove that the following are Airy’s stress functions and examine the stress 8 C03 BTL-3
distribution represented by them,
a.) Ø= Ax2 + By2
b.) Ø= Ax3
c) Ø= A[x4 - 3x2 y2]
2. a) Show that the fifth order polynomial stress function 6 C03 BTL-3

Will not satisfy the biharmonic equation unless

3a5+2c5+c5=0 and b5+2d5+3f5=0.

b) A large thin plate is subjected to certain boundary conditions on its thin edges 6 C03 BTL-3
( with zero stress vector on its large faces) leading to the stress function, Ø= Ax2 y3
– By5)

a.) By using bi-harmonic equation express ‘A’ in terms of ‘B’

b.) Calculate all the stress components.
c.) Calculate all the strain components in term od E, B & µ.
d.) Find the volumetric stain.
e.) Check if the compatibility equations is satisfied.
f.) Check if the equilibrium equation is satisfied.
3. a) Describe the Airy’s stress functions with the help of second degree 4 C03 BTL-1
polynomial?
b)A very thick component has the same boundary conditions on any given c/s, 8 C03 BTL-3
leading to the following stress function.
Ø= x5 –x y 5- 4x3 y2

a.)Check if this is a valid stress function.

b.)Calculate all the strain components
c.)Calculate all the strain components ( consider µ= 0.25)
d.)Find the displacements.
4 a)Explain about Airy’s stress function 2 C03 BTL-2

b)Develope the Biharmonic equation in terms of stress function ‘ Ø’ ? 3 C03 BTL-4

c) Explain the pure bending case of a beam of narrow rectangular section and 7 C03 BTL-2
depth ‘2h’ and width ‘2b’using Biharmonic equation ?

5 a)Express the relation between stress component and Airy’s stress function in 3 C03 BTL-2
Cartesian Coordinates ?
 b) Express that for a simply supported beam, length 2l, depth 2h & unit width, 9 C03 BTL-2
loaded by a concentrated load W at mid span, the stress function satisfying load
𝑏
W at mid span, the stress function satisfying the loading condition is Ø= xy2 - c
6
xy the positive direction of y being upwards and x = 0 at mid span.
6 a)Define Uniqueness theorem. 2 C03 BTL-1

b) Identify what problem of plane stress function 10 C03 BTL-1

3𝐹 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑝
Ø= [𝑥𝑦 − 3ℎ3 ] + 𝑦2
4ℎ 2

Applied to the region included in y=0, y=h & x=0 on the side ‘x’ positive.

7 a)Explain about the Saint-Venant’s Principle? 2 C03 BTL-2

𝐹3 10 BTL-5
Given the stress function Ø= xy2 (3h - 2y). Determine the stress components and C03
ℎ
stretch their variations in a region included in y=0, y=h, x=0 on the side x positive

8 a) Develop the Bi-harmonic equation in cartesian coordinate system? 2 C03 BTL-4

b)Explain the solution of two-dimensional problems by the use of polynomials 10 C03 BTL-2
of first ,second ,third degree.

9 a)Explain the short notes on biharmonic equation? 2 C03 BTL-2

b)A cantilever beam having narrow cross section of unit width and depth 2h, 10 C03 BTL-5
subjected to a concentrated load applied at the free end , shown in figure 1.
Determine the stress distribution in the beam.

Figure 1

UNIT – IV
S.No Each Question contains 12 Mark Mar CO BTL
ks
Questions

1 a) If the displacement components are 6 C04 BTL-5

u=5 r2sin2θ- rθ3 and v=10 r3cos2θ- r2 θ2

Determine the radial, circumferencial and shear strains at the point ( -5, 𝜋/3)
𝜎𝑏 𝑦2
b)Calculate the stress components σγ, σθ , Ʈγθ when Ø= 𝑥 = 6 C04 BTL-3
2
2. a)Develop the equation of equilibrium in polar co-ordinates for radial direction 6 C04 BTL-4
and tangential direction.
b)Determine the stress components σγ, σθ and Ʈγθ from the following stress 6 C04 BTL-5
function Ø= r2(α-θ) + r2 sinθcosθ – r2 cos2 θ tan α. Calculate their values when α=
30° and θ = 40°
3. a)A thick cylinder is subjected to internal and external pressures. Develop the 6 C04 BTL-4
equations for radial and circumferential stresses at the boundaries.
𝑝
b)Given the following stress function Ø = 𝜋 rθ cosθ. Determine the sress C04 BTL-5
components σr , σθ , Ʈγθ
4. a)Explain the stress strain relations in polar coordinate system. 6 C04 BTL-2

b) A thick cylinder of inner radius 10 cm and outer radius 15 cm is subjected to 6 C04 BTL-5
an internal pressure of 12 MPa. Determine the radial hoop stresses in the cylinder
at the inner and outer surfaces.
5 a) Differentiate between cartesian and polar coordinate system ? 3 C04 BTL-4

b)Develop the Bi-harmonic equation in polar coordinate system? 4 C04 BTL-4

c) A steel tbe, which has an outside diameter of 10 cm and inside diameter of 5 5 C04 BTL-3
cm, is subjected to an internal pressure of 14 MPa and an external pressure of 5.5
Mpa. Calculate the maximum hoop stress in the tube.

6. a) Develop Airys stress function in polar coordinate system? 7 C04 BTL-4

b)A steel cylinder which has an inside diameter of 1 m is subjected to an internal 5 C04 BTL-3
pressure of 8 MPa. Calculate the wall thickness if the maximum shearing stress
is not to exceed 35 MPa.
 UNIT – V
S.No Each Question contains 12 Mark Mar CO BTL
ks
Questions

1 a)Calculate the maximum shear stress for an elliptical shaft of semi major axis ‘a’ 7 C05 BTL-3
, semi minor axis ‘b’ subjected to torque at ends?

A hallow aluminum tube of rectangular cross section shown in figure 7.11 is 5 C05 BTL-5
subjected to a torque of 56,500 Nm along its longitudinal axis. Determine the
shearing stresses and the angle of twist. Assume G= 27.6 × 109 N/m2

2 a)Explain the torsion phenomenon in thin walled tubes? 5 C05 BTL-2

 b) Figure 7.12 shows a two cell tabular section as forced by a conventional 7 C05 BTL-5
airfoil, shape and having one interior web. An external torque of 10,000 Nm is
acting in a clockwise direction. Determine the internal shear flow distribution.
The areas of cell 1 and cell 2 are 680 cm2 and 2000 cm2 respectively. The
peripheral lengths are indicated in Figure 7.12

3 a)Explain Prandtl’s membrane analogy. 5 C05 BTL-2

b) A thin-walled steel section shown in Figure 7.13 us subjected to a twisting 7 C05 BTL-3
moment T. Calculate the shear stresses in the walls and the angels if twist per
unit length of the box.

4 a)Explain the torsion theory proposed by Saint Venant for torsion of non-circular 5 C05 BTL-2
section.
b) A thin wall boxed section having dimensions 2a × a × t is to be compared with 7 C05 BTL-5
a solid circular section of diameter as shown in Figure 7.14. Determine the
thickness t so that the two sections have
a.) Same maximum shear stress for the same torque
b.) The same stiffness.
5 a)Describe briefly Torsion of ciircular shafts. 5 C05 BTL-1

b) A two- cell tube as shown in Figure 1.15 is subjected as a torque of 10 KNm. 7 C05 BTL-5
Determine the shear stress in each part and angle of twist per metre length.
Take modulus of rigidity of the material as 83kB/mm2

6 a)Explain briefly on torsion of thin tubes 5 C05 BTL-2

b) A tubular section having three cells as shown in Figure 7.16 is subjected to a 7 C05 BTL-5
torque of 113 kNm. Determine the shear stress developed in the walls if the
section.

All dimensions in mm