Activity no.

Historical Development
in Science and Technology
Joana Marie S. Hernandez | BSN-2201

History of Science
Science evolves through the connection of facts, discoveries, and the
influence of scientists’ personalities, transitioning from individual
knowledge to shared, objective understanding.

3500-3000 BCE

Sumerian Civilization
The Sumerians created cuneiform
writing and built the first true city,
Uruk, with architectural wonders like
the Great Ziggurat of Ur.

2000-1600 BCE

Babylonian Civilization
The Babylonians advanced in math,
astronomy, and astrology, developing a
lunisolar calendar and methods for
predicting celestial events.

3000 - 30 BCE

Egyptian Civilization
Egyptians mastered metallurgy, invented
timekeeping devices called clepsydras, created
papyrus for writing, and used hieroglyphics for
religious and governmental purposes.

1200 - 323BC

Greek Civilization
The Greeks made significant advances in
medicine, biology, and technology,
including early water mills and alarm
clocks.

625BC - 476AD

Roman Civilization
Romans adopted Greek science and
contributed to practical engineering, such as
the construction of the Colosseum and the
creation of the codex.

2100BCE - 1912CE

Chinese Civilization
The Chinese invented paper-making
around 105 AD and built the Great Wall
of China, a monumental construction
project lasting over two millennia.

5th–10th century

Dark Ages
The collapse of the Roman Empire led to war
and barbarism, with monks preserving some
scientific knowledge.
 Activity no. 1

Historical Development
in Science and Technology
Joana Marie S. Hernandez | BSN-2201

8th–13th century

Islamic Contributions
Islamic scholars translated Greek texts
into Arabic, advancing science with
figures like Ibn al-Haytham and
Alhazen.

11th–13th century

High Middle Age

European scholars revived ancient
knowledge, translating texts into
Latin and establishing the foundation
for modern universities.

14th century

Late Middle Age

The Black Death halted scientific
progress as a third of Europe’s
population died, disrupting innovations.

14th–17th century

Renaissance Period
A rebirth of science, art, and trade,
challenging traditional beliefs, with the
invention of the printing press by Johannes
Gutenberg in the 1450s.

1543

Scientific Revolution
Nicholas Copernicus introduced the
heliocentric theory, stating the Sun is
at the center of the universe.

1590 - 1680

Scientific Revolution
Dutch lens makers created the first
microscope. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek created
a powerful version of the microscope to
observe bacteria.

1643

Scientific Revolution
Evangelista Torricelli created the barometer
to measure atmospheric pressure.

1700s

Scientific Revolution
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit developed a
more accurate thermometer and the
Fahrenheit scale.
 Activity no. 1

Historical Development
in Science and Technology
Joana Marie S. Hernandez | BSN-2201

1700s

Islamic Contributions
James Watt perfected the steam
engine, enabling industrial
advancements.

Early 1800s

High Middle Age

Steamboats and railroad
locomotives, powered by steam
engines, revolutionized
transportation

1830s-1840s

Late Middle Age

Samuel Morse developed the
telegraph, transforming long-distance
communication.

1846

Renaissance Period
William T.G. Morton and John Warren
invented anesthesia for surgical pain
relief.

1876

Scientific Revolution
Alexander Graham Bell invented
the telephone for real-time
communication.

19th Century

Scientific Revolution
Louis Pasteur developed
pasteurization to improve food
safety.

1928

20th Century Science

Alexander Fleming discovered
penicillin, leading to antibiotics.

1953

20th Century Science

James Watson and Francis Crick
unveiled the double-helix structure of
DNA.
 Activity no. 1

Historical Development
in Science and Technology
Joana Marie S. Hernandez | BSN-2201

1990

20th Century Science

The Hubble Space Telescope was
launched, enhancing space
exploration.

21st Century

21st Century Science

Artificial Intelligence emerged,
enabling computers to perform tasks
typically requiring human intelligence.

References:
AccessScience Editors (2014). Babylonians. Retrieved from
https://www.accessscience.com/ content/babylonians/BR0317141

Adhikari, S. (2019). Top 12 Inventions and Discoveries of Ancient Babylonia.

Retrieved from https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/mesopotamia-
history/inventions-ancient-babylonia/

Bellis, M. (2019). History of the First Clocks. Retrieved from

https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-sun-clocks-4078627

Facts and Details (2018). SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN ANCIENT

EGYPT. Retrieved from
https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub404/item1923.html

Krebsbach, J. et.al. (2019). How Was Science Practiced in Ancient

Babylon? Retrieved from
https://dailyhistory.org/How_Was_Science_Practiced_in_Ancient_Babylon%
3F

Paice, B. et. al. (2014). Ancient Babylonian Science. Retrieved from https://
www.slideserve.com/nerita/ancient-babylonian-science

Pandey, R. (2020). History of Science in 2000 Years: From Ancient to

Modern. Retrieved from
https://indieseducation.com/amazing-history-of-science/