A

Seies solutlions DE

w =0
Pa) ycas + q) y
y
where pa)= Z qa) = l

dholy t t at 0

£I is ordinay point / reqular

point:A pint
ordina n

Point o,,) #o snqular potnt H 0%7) =0

=0.

I Ssnqular point
A Point
Sing ular point:
are singular pointS.
= t1L
(-)y-2y
nn +1)y=o
E
)qu) a'
ingular point: i/f (1-Ma) pa)
Regular
analytic ak o

y"+ay+by =0, 0,b Conttants

RA ore dhouy tic
. b
y' + b y =0 t

the
ular point
=Mo be an nauy point/req
Let
Then, ewery solutton

01)yi+Oa)
yca)+a,ca)y Cx)=0.
uaLton

s anauytiC at =Wo
t h e ec
=0, tho
the
Solutton
alout
akout =0,
Find the power sertes
.
diterentiol ecjuontion. y=O
Point = 0 iS
Solution o but
oubout the
h e
senet
Sol"
Sol Pouwers
 se obtain ycx)=G+ +3
Diferentioling,

Sub y gy in iierential eq".

+(a+(N°+ ) = 0
+A+ 3 + ) 2 G t( m

m+)mH 22
mCmH m ]3 t1
m/3
( 2 a - ) x + 3 3 - 2 0 , ) a . . .

C-2) +
2 Cm
G (2 3 - m
2

Then, the colutto9 become

Cx)=

3
Co

y"+y-(*+Y =0 0

m+T

Cm m+Y-2

(m+1) Cm+T-1) Gm
m+Y-1
=2
y"() M=0

M=0
sub y'ca, 'ca) i (1)
mt Cm =<
CmaA
-+T-1) Cma
(m+r)
t m+r) Cm m=0
m=d

m+DCm m-0
M=0
Co+O
nm=q a r r ) + r - 1 ] Co = 0 ,
LOeSt ponr ts Lshen
r=1,-12
2r T-1 =0

+2
Leadinc tum
=o
4)
201+1)r HT)-
C
C2 +) =
 mtr
m+-Y+
Cm
2 (m+r) (m47-) + (m+) -1| Cm
m-2

m+2=t
Let

2Cm+) (m+r -1) + (m+) -1 n

m
2 r+t
=0
- Vanable.

Cm-2
m+) C2m+2r -1) -JC»
m-2
mz -

mtY Cm-2
to zoro, Cm
ake Co.4 tciut 1 x m+1) (m+2r-1)-1

C0) C3-C5=6

Ty+ay + ( a - ) I =0
 Be ssel's PE ay+ay+(a v)y=o
=0
Teqular sing ular potnt.
m+
mtYt2
y= Cm
m+r

m=0 + E Cm =O
Gm +
++D Cm m-o

m+ (m +r-U
Sub
m=o
mr
Cm
m=o

M=0

mt2 -Cm mzo

+ T + 2 - ) (m++2+)
 m-2 Am-
m (m+2n) 2 m m tn)

Thus, On=-Do
2C1+n).22.(2+n)
1(1+)
ON
2(1+n) (2+n

2
2(1+n)(2+n).2. 3 ( 3-+n)
.3(3h) 2.

Cith) (24n)M
3+n)
..2.3.

Ol2m
. m (n+1)tn+2)(n+m)

choase
2 n)
C1+«) =d YC)
(n+M)
2m
2 m n+) n+) (n+).

2m+ 9m+m Cm+n)

2
m Y( n+m-+1) 2

2mH)
x)=
20 Besel's-tunctim

m-0
2
-Jirst knd oclor

Com verq ent.

2
m=o

sot" gven ns
Ore Lineasy indapedont
Jn)

Jha) +T )
Recuryonaormula for Jn (X):

(OY) 1 Jn (x)=
-7 Jnn) + Jna
) = a"Jn-()
2m+

Po Jnt) m=0 m 4-+n +1)

m
2m+2
) m=O 9m+n
m m n +)
2m+2n
4 2m-+2n) 7

d
m m+D +1) 2
2m+DE

- X' n a )

= nC1)

dn

(or) T ,(n) = nT,u)-A n%A)

-nTa)+ThA)3 5,a) =n T,ia)-ahAC)

addin heie

n)+Tp+
 Frorm recurn ce relontiom

t is d(,t) = n )
n () da = a" Ta)+C
J o t a i ) = - J )

J da =
n +C

termS tha Be ssel's

Bessel
rols n
Evouote tha foloing
the indt eq

unctioms
Tdr T )+
da
=

( ) -

JGa)da
J 4 ) +C

( 3,da
dz
(T)-.CT)
J,c) d =

=3)-2°Ao)da
)-a Jc) +C. J ) = . Ju)-
(
J5 J
Sho that dr=L* T,i)+J»]
Sm d = T a ad J , ( ) bt).2dx-

J 2 + J Gw T,A).ada
T,C). dx
) +(T). M
t29. 2 +(T).d(^J)-dr
da

+
2

show
show thot = TU)-4J»[]
*Bessels functim second Kind

i s is not integer, CA 3 ) cre Jineary inclopecdon

ytn)= A Jyt)+BT,(n).

= n is an
integer, Ca -A Zaa)
h,C are intary clepeclint

We have to ollain serond tndapeclet sol" to fnc)

9enero solntion
cx)cos VN
-

whee Yy=L
A JyCAD +B Ya) Sin V
YC =

seeoncd
Besc's -unction
Kine

*Genrting funthim.

at) at).
e
e
Collect the co e i i e n t s t. n=0,1,2. -

1-(st8f)
n+ 2

( y () 9*
t
) n+4

(a n+2)
ht2
= )
=0 (n+rm) I
Now the co.efticient 4 t is J,

1-t) T,1n»t"
TotM)+( t+Tayt 4
- - .

2
-1Tt

+ 5 [4+
t= COS+1sin 3 Cos COs9LSine
1 Sin e 0) 4ISin (a Sin e)
cos Sin

+---
+ 2i J(a) Sin 30
T)-+2iJLn)Sin o+ AT,CA) (ol 2

T+2 T)CoS20 +JCa) OS 4o4 -}

-3

+2i a) Sin + Zu Sin30 3

renl imaKinany PA»ts emparc
Seperne
3J =
Cosa Sine)
gL) + 2 J(A) (ol2+Jala) Coi4 e -

ine + CM) Sin3e4

-
Sin (1 Sin ).
Ja)
Jncob enes.
 Pove h o t Cm)12 cos nd 0 )
imt)
, = m=0 m (m+0 +)
4m ( m + n - + 1 ) 22m
( m=O

( - + () .7
(2+n) (3+n)
44)d.Y(

Tnlce h=lh

HA) (4) = . b)

2)=(1+3L) = (3) = .
Al3+6) 1+ A ) =5
S.4
3. 2.1 R
4.2-

=S
2
(4tA) = 7%) { ) =

.6.2 2 3
n qenral (1+) Ema)\ =

2m+H
m+l4h
2mtt
p+-9m-
C2m+1)
m1/Om+)_)
2

M-0
(m+)
sinl
*Equations redu cible to BesseRs equation

Consicler thi followirg ODE

diy ady +(-)y =0 0

Puct t= kx > dt-k
dy oly
da olt

t dt
FO oeomes

.y+ r d + (t)y=o
dt

t oly Ctny=0
tdy +
olta dt
Solut idn is y C J,c)-+G T,C
Solut

* Orthogonal pro perty Becsel's fanction:

a r e The
nheie o, B
shoud thot ) ,cBa) dx =0,

roots S,ta)=o
Proo l e knouo hot
d y + (dny=o 0

d+ndz+(p-)L=0
dn d
y= T,(da) &z= Jn(Ba),respectivalu
Sols O are
Muttplying eq byand e 9e eclodingg
d + z dy+ (x-ngy =0 )
2
-ny - y d+C B.2) +n)=o -

da d

(d-y ) +pyx=0*

and over O to 1L
inteqrote. eq T
+( y dn=0

z-y
(B ayzd -ydz

-
y=ToC)
z JoCB*)
futting the Values t
in
Cp)
da

Cp) ayzch =
( a T,dn) a(P*da .

BThanlp1)
pa). T, («n)
-

()
nd Bare roots h(0) =0 n)hl)=0

TnC) (B)dx=0
 Shor hat
6
SoL We cno thaE

P-a) hn) ( Ba) d a = J ) Tol)-BL()n«

0

hC&)7n(Ba) c =

JnC)=
Os a root
this yoalue ccun be ound by Constdering

to
and OS a Vanab le approncun

Then the above equotion give&

Jm
Jim a gl TB)d=

by Hospttal rule
) T(B)
Ph a d
d=i
2

recuirena

relatton

2n0a) = -13,1) 2m+D

M

h)= F 0 ! (D-+4A)
()
2m-n
C-1
TCn) = ( ) >OD

Put
8