BASIC OF COMPUTER

RANAJIT BARIK

CLASS -4
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Interoduction of computer
1. What is a computer?
Ans :- A computer is an electronic data processing device
used to work on raw data
as per the instruction given
by the user, processes

2.COMPUTER and its

WORKING Ans: - A
computer is an electronic device which receives the
data (input) from the user, manipulates it according to the
specified rules (process) and converts it into information or
result (output).
The working of a computer is based on the following
principle:
INPUT  PROCESS  OUTPUT
1. computer accepts data in the form of input.
2. It processes the data as per requirement or instructions.
3. It shows the result in the form of output.

Lats understand with example:-

Making orange juice using juicer

Oranges (Input) Juicer (Processing)

Orange juice (Output)

1. Put oranges in the juicer.(Input)

2. Juicer makes juice from oranges.
(Processing)
3. We get orange juice .(Output)

2
The working of a computer can also be shown in the form
of a block diagram

USE
R INPU DATA PRO&ESSIN INFORMATIO OUTPU
T G UNIT N T
UNIT UNIT

COMPUTER SYSTEM : The computer system mainly

consists of two components, i.e. Hardware and
software.
HARDWARE : The physical parts of the computer
system that we can touch and see are called
computer Hardware.

Software :- Software is a set of instructions that tells

the computer hardware what to do and how to perform
a particular task. You cannot touch or feel the software.
There are mainly two types of software :
 System Software
 Application Software

Characteristic of computer :-

1) Speed :-
 A computer works very fast.
 It can perform thousands of
calculations in a second

2) Storage : -
I like
 The computer has a very larg storage my
muc
capacity
 It can large store larg amount of work for a
long time
3) Versatility :-
 Versatility means computer is used at different place
for differtent purpose
 A computer can perform a
variety of tasks efficiently.
4) Accuracy :-
 computer works with high 100%
accuracy.
 It cannot make mistakes on its own.
 It always gives correct answer

5) Diligence : -
 computer can do a lot of work again
and again at the same speed without
getting bored or tired
 It can work continuously for 24
hours without needing any rest
Input devices:-
 KEYBOARD :-
 Keyboard is the most common and very
popular input device.
 It is used to enter data
and instruction into the
computer.
 Keyboard keys are classified to many
groups based on their functions : Alphabet
keys, Numeric Keys, Function keys, Arrow
keys etc.
 MOUSE
 Mouse is a popular Pointing Device that is
used to give input to the system.
 It has two buttons and a scroll
wheel.
 The mouse pointer moves in the
same direction as the mouse.
  It is also used to point and select the objects
and open files/folders.
 MICROPHONE
 Microphone is an input device.
 It is used to record voice, music
and sound into the computer
system.
 Sound card enables the computer to record
sound input from microphone connected to
the computer.
 It is used in many applications such as
telephone, hearing aids etc.
 Touch Screen :
 A touch screen is a computer screen which is
sensitive to touch.
 We can select the
objects directly by
touching with fingers
without using any
pointing device e.g. ATM machine, Cell
phones etc.
 SCANNER :
 Scanner is an input device, which works
more like a photocopy machine.
 It is used when some information is available
on paper and it is to be transferred to the
computer for further
manipulation.
 The most commonly used
scanner is Flat Bed Scanner,
which has a flat tray with a glass pane and
covering lid

Output device :-
 MONITOR
 Monitor is the most common
output device ü It looks like a
television.
  The output that we get on a monitor is called
a softcopy.
 There are two types of monitor:-
 CRT (Cathode Ray Monitor)
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display/Flat
Panel Monitor)
 LED (Light Emitting Diode)
 SPEAKER
 Speakers are output devices that give sound
output to listen music and sound effect.
 Nowadays we have speakers installed within
the desktop monitor and laptop due to the
restricted space
 PRINTER
 A Printer is an output device
that prints out the
information on a paper.
 The printed copy of output is
called the hardcopy

Processing device :
 CPU, also known as Processor or
Microprocessor, is the processing
device of a computer. It is also known
as the brain of the computer.

Storage device :-
 Storage allows you to save your work for
future use. Any hardware component that is used
to store data, instructions and information for future
use is called a Storage Device Some storage
devices are hard disk that is used to store data,
instructions and information for future use is called a
Storage Device Some storage devices are hard
disk , compact disc (CD), pen drive, etc.
Process of computer :-
Process of computer (Input Process Output-IPO):-A
computer is an electronic device that works on IPO cycle
(Input-Process-Output). Input  process  output
• Input: Input is the collection of data or instructions that
entered for the user
Process: To process or act on the input. It is mainly done
by CPU ( Central Processing Unit)
• Output: Output is the result .

Let's Summarise

Computer can be defined as an electronic machine that is

used to generate information from data.
• A computer is divided in two parts: Hardware and
Software.
Hardware and software must work together to get useful
results in a computer.
• Computer hardware is divided into four parts: Input
device, Processing unit, Storage device and Output
device.
There are two types of softwares: System Software and
Application Software.
Software designed to operate the computer hardware and
to provide a platform for running application software is
called System Software. Software that helps you to
perform a specific task is called application software.

~~~~~

mouse
A mouse is an important part of the
computer.The mouse helps us to tell the
computer what to do.It also helps us to
draw pictures on a computer.
Different parts of a mouse:

 Left button
 Right button
 Scroll wheel
 Mouse wire

Just like our finger a mouse helps us to

point and select things on a computer
screen.

when you move the mouse an arrow moves on the

screen This arrow is called the mouse pointer.
Always keep the mouse on a mouse pad

TYPES OF MOUSE
A mouse can have two or three buttons.
two-buttoned mouse
This mouse has two buttons .This is
called a two-buttoned mouse.
scroll mouse

This mouse has

two buttons and a scroll wheel
instead of the middle button This is
called a scroll mouse.

three-buttoned mouse

This mouse has three buttons.This

is called a three-buttoned mouse.

HOW TO HOLD THE MOUSE

place the mouse on a mouse pad to move it easily.
The buttons of the mouse should point towards the
computer.
Fingers of the right hand

Correct way to hold the mouse

Steps to hold the mouse:

 Hold the mouse and rest your

palm gently on it.
 Your thumb should be on one side and the ring finger
and little finger should be on the other side of the
mouse.
 keep your index finger on the left mouse button
and your middle finger on the right mouse
button.These two fingers will help you in clicking on
the mouse.
 You are now ready to move the mouse around the
mouse pad.

Different mouse actions

when we press a mouse button we hear a click sound.This is
called clicking the mouse.

 single click
 double click
 drag and drop are the different mouse actions.

The act of pressing a

computer mouse button
once without moving the
mouse is called single
click.single click is usually a primary action of the
mouse.

pressing the left

mouse button twice
in quick succession
to select a file,image
and so on.

How to drag and drop?

 Hold the mouse and bring the mouse pointer on

the item to be moved and single-click on it.
 keeping the left mouse button pressed, move the
item to a new place.
 Now release the mouse button.

NOTE:To select and open an item do double-click.To select

MORE ABOUTE KEYBORD:-

Introduction
You have already learnt about keyboard in previous class. It is an
input device that consists of various keys. A keyboard is used to
type text and numbers and to give commands to a computer.

Types of Keys

A standard keyboard has keys classified in the following groups:

gle-click

Standard keyboard has keys classified in the following groups:

 Alphabet keys
 Function keys
 Special keys
 Number keys
 Caps Lock key
 Alt keys
 Shift keys
 Control keys
 Space Bar key
 Arrow keys/Cursor Control keys

 Alphabet keys :- A to Z

 Number keys: - 0 to 9
Cursor Control keys (Arrow keys): ←
↑ → ↓ Function keys: F1 to F12
Punctuation keys: , . ; : " '
Symbol keys: + - * / $ = % & ( ) @ ^ #
Special keys: Ctrl, Shift, Alt, Del, Backspace, Enter,
Home, End, Page Up, Page Down

Alphabet Keys

There are 26 alphabet keys on the keyboard. Both small and capital
letters can be typed using these keys. There are two ways of typing
capital letters:

 Using the Shift Key

 Using the Caps Lock Key

Steps:

1. To type a single letter in capital (e.g., "F" in "Fruits"):

o Keep the Shift key pressed and type "F".
o Then release the Shift key and type the rest
of the letters.

2. To type a whole word or sentence in capital letters (e.g.,

"FRUITS"):
o Turn the Caps Lock ON by pressing it once.
o Type all the letters of the word (e.g., "fruits").

Number Keys

Number keys contain numbers 0 to 9. There are two sets of number

keys on a standard keyboard.
More About Keyboard

One set of number keys is available above the alphabet keys. Each
key contains a number.

 To type any number, you need to press the key of that

number.

The other set of number keys is on the right-hand side of the

keyboard. This is known as the Numeric Keypad.

To type numbers using the Numeric Keypad:

 Make sure that the Num Lock key is ON,

and the indicator light above Num Lock is
glowing. Now press the required number
key.
 If the indicator light is not glowing, then
press Num Lock once and type the required number key.

To use arrow keys and move the cursor to different directions, the
Num Lock key needs to be OFF.
You can also move the cursor for Page Up or Page Down or for
Home and End when Num Lock key is OFF.
1